Hannoversche Treue mine
Map with all coordinates: | Hannoversche Treue mine | |||
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| General information about the mine | |||
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| Mining technology | Disc break construction, later expansion construction | ||
| Funding / year | up to 1.06 million t | ||
| Funding / total | 19.8 million tons of iron ore | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | Ore mining Salzgitter AG | ||
| Employees | up to 1655 | ||
| Start of operation | 1856 | ||
| End of operation | 1967 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Iron ore | ||
| Greatest depth | 502.2 | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 52 ° 5 '13.2 " N , 10 ° 22' 48.8" E | ||
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| Location | Calbecht (shaft 2) | ||
| local community | Salzgitter | ||
| Independent city ( NUTS3 ) | Salzgitter | ||
| country | State of Lower Saxony | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Peine-Salzgitter area | ||
The Hannoversche Treue mine is a former iron ore mine in the Peine-Salzgitter district. It was on the eastern flank of the Salzgitter ridge north of Salzgitter-Bad near the districts of Salzgitter-Engerode and Salzgitter-Calbecht . The first pit fields for the mining of iron ore in open-cast mining were awarded in 1856/57 . In 1938 four shafts were dug and in 1939 ore extraction from civil engineering began. The mine was closed on May 27, 1967 due to a lack of sales.
geology
The iron ore deposit extends in a north-south direction over a length of 2.5 km and was 2.3 km wide. The thickness of the deposit was in the upper area between 15 and 30 m, to the east (in the direction of Salzgitter-Beinum ) the ore deposit thinned out. The camp fell from the day's outcrop in the west with an average of 55 degrees (60 gon) to the east, with increasing depth it flattened to 20 degrees.
In the northern part the deposit was divided into individual camps by several deaf intermediate layers, in the southern area, however, there were only a few deaf areas. It was a clayey oolothic (Lower Cretaceous) iron ore with an Fe content of 30–31% with 22–23% SiO 2 and about 5% CaO. The density of the clayey ore was 2.8 to 2.9 tons / m 3 .
The ore lay in Dogger and Lias tones, in the hanging wall it was accompanied by water-bearing Hilssandstein .
These layers were connected to the deep water from the Beinumer Mulde, which in turn was in contact with the Flachstöckheim salt dome. With increasing depth , the water coming from the hanging wall became more and more salty. Because in the pit occurring water on the day was taken away, the high salt content was still experiencing major problems.
Opencast mine Hannoversche Treue
Precursor mining
In the years 1856/57 the first mine fields in the area of the later mine Hannoversche Treue were awarded, these were the fields Hannoversche Loyalty , Unity , Crowned Hope and Confidence . In 1860/61 these became the property of the Röhrig brothers in Braunschweig. In 1865 the Hinterlist minefield was awarded. In 1893, the Ilseder Hütte , to which the blast furnace works in Groß Ilsede also belonged, acquired these mining fields.
The Hannoversche Treue opencast mine was opened to a small extent in 1917 by the Ilseder Hütte. The production was initially 200-250 tons / day and was interrupted by long downtimes. In 1924, the Ilseder Hütte employed 48 people in the opencast mine who extracted 44,289 tons of ore there. In 1925 the workforce increased to 127 employees and ore extraction to 101,718 tons. Before the closure in 1930, 12 people were employed, the production this year was only 1260 tons.
In 1922 the fields Fuchsberg 1, 2 and 3 were muted by the Anton Raky company from Salzgitter . These passed into the possession of the Widukind union in 1923 , which in turn was taken over by the United Steelworks in 1927 .
In October 1925, the Ilseder Hütte near Calbecht started up an ore sieving (sorting plant) for the ores from the opencast mine, in which the ores from the Georg-Friedrich mine in Ilseder near Dörnten were also processed. To transport the ores, a railway line was built from here, which was connected to the Reichsbahn at its end in the Lengeder district of Broistedt . The ores were transported to the Ilseder Hütte via this connection. The screening plant was closed in 1940.
Open pit mining 1934 to 1948
From 1934, the National Socialist government advocated the expansion of German ore deposits. Currency savings and job creation were cited as the main official arguments, but in reality there were defense-related intentions behind these demands. In the area of Hanoverian Loyalty, Ilseder Hütte resumed ore mining in the southern fields of the opencast mine. In 1936, 106 men extracted 75,676 tons of ore. In the period from January to September 1937 it was 94,281 tons.
On July 23, 1937, the ordinance on the merger of mining facilities came into force. In the Salzgitter area, the Reichswerke Hermann Göring took over the mining activities of the previous owners on October 1, 1937. A total of 13 pit fields from the previous ownership of the Ilseder Hütte and the United Steelworks were combined to form the Hannoversche Treue mine field. The field now extended from Salzgitter (-Bad) in the south to Calbecht and Engerode in the north and covered an area of 13.45 km 2 .
It was estimated that about 2.3 million m 3 of ore could be extracted in the open pit . Assuming that the ratio between the overburden and the ore underneath should be around 1: 1, the depth of the open pit mine was 50 m. Ore lying deeper should be extracted in civil engineering. A total of 2.5 million m 3 of overburden had to be removed over the ore. This work was initially outsourced to external companies - by the end of 1938 they had done half of the pending excavation work. A total of five steam excavators and 17 narrow-gauge locomotives were used for this. The overburden was dumped south of the open pit, part of which was used by a nearby brick factory. From 1939 the Reichswerke took over the continuation of the excavation work.
The ore extraction could be increased considerably in the following time. In the last quarter of 1937 this had already risen to 40,038 tons (compared to 94,281 tons in the first three quarters). In the years that followed, one steam and three diesel shovel excavators were used to mine ore, and seven narrow-gauge locomotives were used for transport. This allowed the daily output to be increased to up to 6000 tons. In 1938, with a workforce of 339 men, 319,900 tons were extracted, the maximum was reached in 1941 with 429,600 tons. In the following years the production decreased again and in 1944 only 98,200 tons were mined. The workforce was between 220 and 250 men during the war.
In April 1945, after the Americans marched into Salzgitter, operations ceased. It was not until the winter of 1946 that work in the opencast mine was resumed. In 1946 and 1947, the output reached 117,800 and 110,000 tons, respectively. But as early as 1948 the opencast mine was eradicated and abandoned. A total of 2.86 million tons of ore have been mined in the Hannoversche Treue open-cast mine since the middle of the 19th century, of which 2.36 million tons in the period from 1937 to 1948.
Civil engineering Hannoversche Treue
Preparations for civil engineering from 1937 to 1966
After the mining facilities were merged to form the Hannoversche Treue mine in October 1937, planning for civil engineering began. These provided that slots in the hanging wall of the camp on outgoing ore deposits or to erzarmen points to sink . After evaluating the exploratory drilling, the following concept was defined:
- For traffic-related reasons, the originally planned shaft 1 between Beinum and Groß Mahner has been dispensed with.
- For ore mining , for material transport and dewatering is close to the locality Calbecht shaft 2 drilled.
- In order to enable the ore deposit to be explored more quickly, shaft 3 is being sunk on the eastern edge of the opencast mining area . This shaft contains systems for ore extraction, rope travel and material transport and initially takes on the function of the main extraction shaft. After dismantling the upper levels , this shaft is to be thrown out again.
- In the northern area of the deposit (near Engerode) the north shaft is being sunk, which is to serve as a weather shaft.
- In the southern area of the deposit, the south shaft is being sunk, which is to take over the function of a weather and main cableway shaft .
- The base points are at 80 m, 160 m, 240 m, 360 m and 480 m - measured from the hanging lawn bench of shaft 2.
In preparation for a civil engineering under the opencast mining area, the opencast mine had to be partially tilted. For this purpose, a thick layer of half-timber and slabs - later also discarded conveyor ropes - was laid on the bottom of the opencast mine . A clay layer 6–8 m thick was applied to a final covering with wire mesh, which was then covered up to a level of 130 m above sea level with washes from the ore preparation and later with blast furnace slag .
Construction of the pits
In order to be able to start the civil engineering as quickly as possible, the first work on the Hannoversche Treue 3 shaft began in January 1938. The actual sinking work by the company Fröhlich and Klüpfel from Wuppertal-Barmen began on March 1, 1938. This shaft was in the hanging wall on the eastern edge of the open-cast mining area. In February 1939, the work was completed at a final depth of 282.6 m. The shaft had a diameter of 5 m. Until the completion of the large shaft 2, the ore was to be extracted here, it was also used for cable travel and was initially also used as a weather shaft. A loading station was set up above ground, from which the ore was transported to Calbecht via a standard-gauge railway; also a laundry , several workshop buildings and a hoisting machine house. In mid-July 1939, the first ore was extracted from civil engineering here.
Also in March 1938, the C. Deilmann company from Dortmund started sinking work for the large Hannoversche Treue 2 shaft. This was intended as the main shaft and, like all other large shaft systems, had a diameter of 6.75 m. At the beginning of October 1939, the planned final depth of 502.2 m was reached. At the same time, the construction of the daytime facilities began - this included workshops, storage, administration building and the shaft system with compressor and hoisting machine house. The abbey tower was replaced by a 41 m high headframe , and a skip and frame conveyor was set up. By mid-1942, the three main levels had been driven in opposite directions . The completion of the daytime facilities was delayed due to the war, so that shaft 2 could only start production in early 1943.
The shaft Hanover loyalty South was (renamed shaft 1 1952/53) in lying , at the southern boundary of the deposit set . The shaft was sunk with a diameter of 4 m by the company GW Wagener from Essen. Work began in June 1938, and in April 1939 the final depth of 264 m was reached. Initially, the shaft was only used for weather control , after the expansion in 1952 it was also used for cable travel. About day one was Carriers house built. The predecessor company Ilseder Hütte had built buildings for the open-cast mining operation here between 1934 and 1937, which have now been taken over to equip workshops, chews and stores.
Along with the south shaft, the Hannoversche Treue Nord shaft was sunk from September 1938 . The shaft was sunk by the Wisoka (Unna) union in the lying area of the deposit on the western outskirts of Engerode. The shaft was used for weather control and had a diameter of 4 m. In May 1939 the final depth of 266.8 m was reached. Operating, administrative and masticatory buildings were constructed as daytime facilities; this work was completed in 1941/42. In 1947 the wooden abbey tower was replaced by a machine house that stood directly above the shaft. Underground only the third was initially civil sole ascended meters at 240, with the advance of the other two soles until 1942 has begun.
Production operation from 1939 to 1945
At the same time as the excavation of the shafts, underground work was carried out at high pressure to advance the bottom sections . As early as 1939, 5200 m of routes had been driven and by the late summer of 1941, around 1310 m of seigere day shafts and 19,500 m of routes had been built. At the end of 1940 the three upper levels were completed and all shafts were connected to one another. After a total of four years of planning and construction, the expansion of the pit was essentially complete.
The workforce had been increased considerably for the construction of the mine. In 1937 200 men were employed in the opencast mine, in 1939 there were already 1,352 men (opencast and underground mining), the highest workforce was reached in 1940 with 1,655 men, of which around 1,300 were employed in civil engineering. When the expansion was completed, the workforce decreased again, so in 1944 only 959 men were employed.
As a mining method which was initially striking Scheibenbruchbau artificial ridges used. The mining began at the southern construction boundary and continued northwards below the already cleared opencast mine. The underground output was 13 tons of ore per man and shift, the total output of the mine was 4 tons per man and shift. This dismantling process was continued until the end of operations at the end of the war.
Funding from civil engineering rose steadily in the first few years. After operations began in the summer of 1939, 309,100 tons of ore were extracted in the following year. In 1942 it was 456,700 tons, which is the first time more than was extracted in open-cast mining. The highest annual production of civil engineering before the end of the war was reached in 1944 with 643,800 tons. In April 1945 - after the Americans marched into Salzgitter - production was stopped. At the end of 1945 they began to swamp the mine area again .
Production operation from 1946 to 1966
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In the spring of 1946, production was resumed. The mining method used at the beginning of the floating disc break construction had already become more and more uneconomical with increasing depth , as more clay and sludge ingress occurred. So it was decided to introduce a new mining method when funding was resumed. From then on, instead of the broken pane construction, the stroking expansion construction was used . This procedure was then used until decommissioning. There was another change in the expansion of the cavities. Up until now, timber construction had been carried out, but this could no longer be continued due to the increasing pressure of the mountains . Here, in cooperation with the manufacturers, flexible steel construction segments were developed for the expansion, which were used until the end of the operating period.
In the first years after the war, production rose again only slowly. This was due to both the lack of qualified workers and the lack of sales opportunities. It was not until 1952 that the workforce reached 814, a temporary high of the post-war period. In that year, funding for civil engineering rose from 153,100 tons in 1947 to 838,700 tons. Civil engineering reached its highest output in 1956 with 1,057,603 tons. From 1959 onwards the production decreased steadily, this year it was 977,900 tons, in 1965 - the year before last - only 661,800 tons were brought to light.
When the dismantling had reached the safety pillar of shaft 3 in 1952/53 , shaft 2 was designated as the new main delivery shaft and shaft south (now called shaft 1) as the main cableway shaft. Shaft 1 was sunk further to allow direct access from the deeper levels. Work on this began in November 1952, but had to be stopped in March 1953 at a depth of 333 m due to floating sands. Contrary to the plan, the shaft could only be reached from the deeper levels via blind shafts . However, the concept of using this shaft as the main cable car shaft was retained. During this time, the surface facilities of shaft 1 were replaced by new buildings, and the still-used wooden headframe was replaced by a steel structure.
Shaft 3, which served as a delivery shaft until 1952, was used for a period of time for intermediate delivery to the 2nd level. On January 19, 1956, this shaft was then abandoned and the headframe and all surface facilities were demolished. In 1965, for reasons of rationalization, the cableway was relocated from shaft 1 to shaft 2. Shaft 1 was then closed and filled .
Shutdown in 1966/67
The ore mining had reached its highest level in 1956 with 1.06 million tons of raw ore, the workforce at that time was 812 men. From 1959, the production decreased steadily, the main reasons being a continuing drop in ore prices and the dwindling demand for Salzgitter ores. In 1965, therefore, only 661,800 tons were mined, the workforce had dropped to 397 that year. In March 1966, Salzgitter Erzbergbau AG announced the planned closure of the mine for the next year.
In the summer of 1966, the expansion and installation work was stopped and part of the workforce was relocated to the Haverlahwiese and Konrad pits . At the beginning of November 1966, when there was an increased ingress of water with a high salt content, it was decided to bring forward the closure of the mining operation, which was already planned due to a lack of sales.
In the night of November 17th to 18th, strong water inflows from the hillside layers started, so that the lower levels could no longer be driven on. Recovery work was carried out in the following months. The last tram left the mine on May 27, 1967.
During the entire operating time, 16.5 million tons were extracted in civil engineering. Robbery work was carried out until the late summer of 1967 , after which the pit was slowly filled with water. In the period that followed, the shaft frames were also demolished and shafts 2 and north filled with washing mountains from wet processing.
Mine accidents on loyalty to Hanover
1957
On February 4, 1957, a methane gas explosion occurred on the second level . Investigations into the cause revealed that the gas came from organic waste from an urban rubbish dump set up in the former opencast mine. This was then closed. In this accident there were no injuries and no major damage.
1960
On July 19, 1960, there was a serious fire accident in which 33 miners died from CO poisoning. The fire alarm was received by the operator at 7:17 a.m. and a major alarm was triggered - a total of 21 mine rescue teams were deployed. The later investigations showed that a teacher had set fire to a cardboard box with his miner's lamp as boredom . When other miners approached, he erased the piece of cardboard, tossed it against a fabric screen and walked away. The weather shield caught fire from the still smoldering piece of cardboard, which then spread to the wooden construction. The clouds of smoke moved into the excavations of the higher levels, from which many miners could no longer save themselves. The 17-year-old was charged with negligent homicide and bodily harm, but the main proceedings were not opened by the youth chamber of the Braunschweig regional court. A 34-year-old miner, who smelled the fire but reportedly did nothing, was accused of aiding and abetting.
Reviersteiger Kuschnierski and Nüsse received the Lower Saxony Rescue Medal on July 26, 1962 . In 1969 five miners also received the rescue medal.
To commemorate this mining accident , the city of Salzgitter erected a memorial stele on June 22, 2011 on the site of the former shaft 1 (south).
As a result of the accident, safety regulations were tightened, smoking underground and the use of open lights were prohibited, and wooden structures were increasingly being replaced by steel structures.
Measures to prevent further accidents
As a result of this accident, at the beginning of 1961, the carbide lamps used in many of the Salzgitter ore mining pits were replaced by electric accumulator head lamps. In addition, a general underground smoking ban was issued and woodwork was replaced by ironwork or wood treated with fire-retardant chemicals was used.
During the entire operating time, 52 miners lost their lives in the mine.
Current usage (as of 2010)
The daytime facilities of the Hannoversche Treue Nord mine near Engerode are still there. They were taken over by the city of Salzgitter and are used today by the volunteer fire brigade and the Engerode village community.
From the daytime facilities of shaft 2 near Calbecht, the shaft frame and the shaft hall were demolished after the shutdown, all other buildings were preserved. The large administration and office building has been used by the Braunschweig / Wolfenbüttel University of Applied Sciences since the early 1990s.
Except for the headframe, all buildings on the site of Shaft 1 in the north of Salzgitter-Bad have been preserved. The facilities were acquired by the city of Salzgitter in 1974 and are now home to the municipal building yard and the city archive.
literature
- Archive of the city of Salzgitter, editors: Heinrich Korthöber, Jörg Leuschner, Reinhard Försterling and Sigrid Lux (eds.): Mining in Salzgitter. The history of mining and the life of miners from the beginning to the present (= contributions to the history of the city, volume 13 ). Salzgitter 1997, ISBN 3-930292-05-X , p. 161-181 .
- Heinz Kolbe: The history of iron ore mining in Salzgitter: ore area Hannoversche Treue between Salzgitter-Bad and SZ-Engerode / Calbecht . In: Geschichtsverein Salzgitter eV (Ed.): Salzgitter Yearbook 1983, Volume 5 . Salzgitter 1983, p. 39-49 .
- Iron ore mining . In: Rainer Slotta (ed.): Technical monuments in the Federal Republic of Germany . tape 5 , part 1. Deutsches Bergbaumuseum, Bochum 1986, ISBN 3-921533-37-6 , p. 114-116 .
- Four years of Hermann-Göring-Werke Salzgitter 1938–1941, reprint of the anniversary edition from 1941 . Melchior-Verlag Wolfenbüttel, 2009, ISBN 978-3-941555-06-8 , p. 23-32 and 47-48 .
- Wolfgang Benz (Ed.): Salzgitter - Past and Present of a German City - 1942–1992 . Verlag CH Beck Munich, 1992, ISBN 3-406-35573-0 , p. 574-588 .
- Stadtarchiv Salzgitter (ed.): Calbecht - The history of a village in Salzgitter . braunschweig-druck GmbH, Braunschweig 2002.
- Reinhard Försterling, Sigrid Lux, Gudrun Pischke: Calbecht, Engerode, Gebhardshagen, Heerte . West town in old views. Archive of the City of Salzgitter, Salzgitter 2003, ISBN 3-930292-15-7 , p. 9-80 (Calbecht) and 81-126 (Engerode) .
Web links
- Salzgitter: memories of mine disaster. In: ndr.de. Retrieved July 21, 2020 .
- 60 years ago: 33 miners died at Salzgitter. In: ndr.de. July 19, 2020, accessed July 21, 2020 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Erik Westermann: Fire costs 33 miners their lives . On July 19, 1960, a fire broke out in the “Hannoversche Treue” mine. Trigger: the gimmicks of a 17-year-old. In: Salzgitter newspaper . July 20, 2020, p. 9 .
- ↑ City of Salzgitter: Handover of the memorial stele in memory of the mining disaster Hannoversche Treue ( Memento from March 17, 2018 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Electric lights in ore mining . In: Karl Marklein (Ed.): Mallets and irons . Trade journal for mining and mining supplies. Karl Marklein, Düsseldorf January 1961, p. 44 , col. 2 .
