Georg-Friedrich mine
| Georg-Friedrich mine | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
 First underground construction shaft ( Glockenbergschacht ) of the Georg-Friedrich mine (1909) |
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| other names | Dörnten ore mine | ||
| Mining technology | Opencast mining , expansion mining , quarrying | ||
| Funding / year | up to 549,733 t | ||
| Funding / total | 15.15 million tons of iron ore | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | Ilseder Hut | ||
| Employees | up to 229 (1957) | ||
| Start of operation | 1880 | ||
| End of operation | April 2nd, 1968 | ||
| Successor use | Process water supply for animal carcass disposal facility | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Brown iron stone | ||
| Mightiness | 20-60 | ||
| Greatest depth | 215 m | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 58 '35 " N , 10 ° 25' 57" E | ||
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| Location | Dörnten | ||
| local community | Liebenburg | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Goslar | ||
| country | State of Lower Saxony | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Peine-Salzgitter area | ||
The pit Georg-Friedrich , later as well as ore mine Dörnten called, was a iron ore mine of Ilseder hut between Döhren and Dörnten near Goslar .
A rubble and gravel deposit of the Lower Cretaceous ( Barremium ) consisting of several partial deposits was mined in open pit and underground mining .
geology
The formation of the ore deposits of the Georg-Friedrich mine
The formation of the camps proceeded like that of the other deposits in the Salzgitter area : the coastline of the Lower Cretaceous Sea was in the area of the Salzgitter ridge . In the area of decaying marine organisms dissolved in water iron compounds could very well precipitate , forming so-called Toneisenstein- geodes . Due to the surf, these were deposited in natural depressions near the coast. Due to the weathering processes after the water withdrew, they disintegrated into numerous rubble. During subsequent floods, iron oolites were deposited in the same place . The originally flat deposits (also called ore ponds ) that were created in this way were disturbed and erected over the course of millions of years by tectonic processes and / or rising salt domes.
Geographical location and extent
The Georg-Friedrich deposit is located on the western edge of the Salzgitter ridge, east of Dörnten. The ore bodies Barley , Fastberg , Glockenberg and Fischerköpfe (Eisenkuhle 1 and 2) bite out over a striking length of 2500 meters from north to south . The ore lenses are separated from one another by intermediate means . The striking length of the individual sub-camps is between 330 (Glockenberg, Eisenkuhle 1) and 700 meters (Eisenkuhle 2), the depth between 80 (Glockenberg, Eisenkuhle 1) and 320 meters (Barley / Fastberg). The Barley / Fastberg part had the largest ore reserves. Eisenkuhle 1 and 2, as well as Glockenberg, had already been completely dismantled when mining was stopped.
The easternmost of Georg-Friedrich iron ore deposit of the mark distinctive Grube Morgenstern makes a worn saddle (saddle air) the geological continuation of Dörntener ore deposits.
mineralogy
The average composition of the later raw ore was: 32 to 34% Fe , 0.25% Mn, 0.61% P , 5.3% CaO and 25% SiO 2 . Individual banks in the area of Eisenkuhle 1 and 2 contained up to 42% iron. These were the best quality ore lots ever found in the Salzgitter area.
History and technology
Predecessor mining
Already in 1697 iron ore were in the so-called proven iron Steinkuhle at Dörnten mined . The ore was processed in the immediate vicinity in smaller smelters - for example at Wöltingerode , Gielde or Salzgitter. One of the first larger operations was the Kunigunde ironworks of Jobst Edmund von Brabeck from 1682 to 1738. Because of the problems involved in smelting the highly siliceous ( acidic ) ore, early mining was of little importance and came to a standstill again.
1857 was the mining field Georg Friedrich by the government Hanoverian Altenau- Lerbacher hut muted that this iron ore to supply its plant in Altenau winning wanted. The Georg-Friedrich field was expanded to a total size of 2.2 km² in 1868 and then initially leased to AG Harzer Union , which had supply contracts with the Hörder Bergwerks- und Hütten-Verein . After the Harzer Union went bankrupt, Ilseder Hütte stepped into the lease contract in 1877.
Operation of the Georg-Friedrich mine from 1880 to 1968
The start of mining and the development up to the Great Depression
Around 1880 the Ilseder Hütte started mining in the Georg-Friedrich lease field in the Glockenberg and Eisenkuhle opencast mines . While elsewhere the mining of iron ore on the Salzgitter mountain range was given up in favor of the higher-quality minet ores from Lorraine , the use of the acid ores as an addition in the blast furnace to their calcareous Upper Cretaceous ores from the pits near Lengede and Groß Bülten was interesting for the Ilseder Hütte : It could be a balanced lime -Kieselsäure ratio further while saving aggregates , maintaining the higher manganese content and relativize the phosphorus runnings in cast iron for the Thomas steel production set. Until mining activities began in the Hannoversche Treue field , the mine remained the only operated mine in the Salzgitter area between 1884 and 1917.
From initially around 8,000 tons in 1880, production rose continuously to over 60,000 tons at the turn of the 20th century. In the years 1903 to 1905, the opencast mines were opened up via a tunnel floor and in 1906 the Fastberg and Barley opencast mines were added. In 1909 the company also went over to civil engineering . For disruption of which served wells drilled , 60 meters deep Glockenberg shaft and connected thereto -60-m level. The reduction took place in the open pit in Strossenbau and civil engineering in the simple Stoßbau and hand offset with sand. The losgeschossene ore was comprehensive in four tons of car, so-called Berlin loaded with a horse-drawn tram drove to the station Dörnten. In 1910 this railway was electrified. In the years 1916 to 1917, with the help of Italian prisoners of war, a new conveyor line was built along the east side of the Fuchsberg . It led via the Hannoversche Treue opencast mine to the ore screening plant in Salzgitter- Calbecht , where the ores from both mines were loaded onto the railroad for washing in Lengede . The demand for steel rose sharply during the First World War , so production in Dörnten grew from 142,400 tons in 1913 to 270,000 tons in 1917. Although the mines in Lorraine fell to France after the end of the war and the ores from the Georg-Friedrich mine also went to the Ruhr area were sent, the production fell due to a lack of demand from 230,000 tons in 1918 to 83,000 tons in 1920. At the same time, the workforce was reduced from over 400 to 250 men. In 1924, the Barley opencast mine closed completely and 150 miners still extracted 70,000 tons. Regardless of this, the expansion of the mine continued in the 1920s: in 1922, the Süllbach tunnel was excavated south of the Eisenkuhle for research purposes , and from 1922 to 1923 the mine property around the fields of Immenrode , Albert , Schiller , Maria-Louise and Edith around 8.85 km² expanded to a total of 15.26 km².
Furthermore, the Schroeder tunnel was built between 1922 and 1925 in order to be able to transport the ores more economically and to examine the entire Döhrenhausen saddle from south to north. He hit the existing 60 m level. From 1924 an ore transport line was built through the Schroeder tunnel. The 780 mm track ran after the mouth hole on the Grotenberge near Klein Döhren via Salzgitter- Vosspaß to the Hannoversche Treue mine. Here it met the existing narrow-gauge line. This meant that the surface route via the Dörnten station and the cumbersome reloading were no longer necessary and were canceled in 1929.
In 1925, the -60 m level was connected to the surface from the colliery site by the incline , a conveyor mountain (= inclined route or tunnel). The Glockenbergschacht was abandoned in 1929. In the same year, production in the Barley opencast mine was resumed and funnel mining was introduced instead of bench mining . In this mining process , the ore was shot down an embankment into a scraper channel. Large electric scrapers conveyed the ore into roller holes , from which it was removed on the first underground level in conveyor vehicles . The production grew to over 200,000 tons per year with 138 miners and a chopping output of 12-16 tons per man and shift. Even if the staff had to be reduced further, the Georg-Friedrich mine was the only mine in the Salzgitter area to survive the global economic crisis from 1929.
The history of the mine during the Third Reich
The four-year plan of the National Socialist regime in 1935 revitalized the exploration and expansion work on all mines in the Salzgitter area. While the pits in today's Salzgitter city area were taken over by the Reichswerke Hermann Göring , Georg-Friedrich stayed with the Ilseder Hütte. The east wing of the deposit near the mark distinctive Grube Morgenstern in 1938 by drilling and Ohleistrecke from Schroeder tunnel tested out. A new underground floor was prepared at a depth of 120 meters ( 110 m above sea level ).
Mining in the Glockenberg and Eisenkuhle 2 opencast mines ended in 1939 at a depth of 90 and 50 meters respectively . The ore reserves that could be economically extracted in the open pit were exhausted. The ore volumes extracted increasingly came from civil engineering. The underground mining output increased in 1940 with the introduction of the expansion construction that is common in the southern Salzgitter district . On Georg-Friedrich the structures were on average 20 meters long, 35 meters wide and 60 meters high.
Between 1941 and 1943, a new Georg-Friedrich underground construction shaft was sunk on the Zechenplatz . With the installed drum hoisting machine and a container conveyor with a volume of 4.8 tons, the ore was lifted from the -120- to the -60-m level (Schroeder tunnel) after the completion of the 215-meter-deep shaft . The Barley opencast mine was wiped out in 1941. Production collapsed relatively sharply during the Second World War : from just over 200,000 tons in 1939, it fell to less than 80,000 tons in 1944. At the end of the war, it finally came to a complete standstill.
Shortly before operations ceased, documents from the Peenemünde Army Research Center were stored in the underground mine building to protect them from enemy access or destruction. They finally fell into the hands of the invading US armed forces after they learned the location of the hiding place and at the end of May 1945 were able to collect 14 tons of documents from the then British occupation zone.
Expansion and rationalization of the Georg-Friedrich mine after the Second World War
The Ilseder hut had only narrowly escaped dismantling by the victorious powers . In December 1945, the first blast furnaces were blown again and ore was requested from the company's own mines. The mining operations at Georg-Friedrich did not start again until 1946 with a workforce of around 100 men. Production remained very low in the first two post-war years at 15,700 and 5,500 tons, respectively. It was not until 1950 that over 100,000 tons were again reached. As of this year, the raw ore was no longer processed in Lengede, but in return for payment of a processing fee in the central wet processing facility in Calbecht of Salzgitter Erzbergbau AG . In 1952, underground investigations were carried out to determine the extent of the depths of the deposit and the production volumes reached the pre-war level again. The workforce exceeded 200 in the following year, and a new wash house was built for this purpose . The rationalization of the mining operation began in 1954 with the introduction of distance conveyor to conveyor belts one.
The Glockenberg camp was also eradicated in 1959 in civil engineering. In the same year, another underground level was built at 50 m above sea level. NN (-180 m level ) driven from the shaft to the north. Annual raw ore production rose significantly from the end of the 1950s to the beginning of the 1960s while the workforce remained almost the same. The maximum production was reached in 1960 with 549,700 tons and 194 miners, another source even speaks of 864,300 tons in 1961 and 469 men. This was due to the increasing mechanization of mining operations. As a result, the number of employees eventually decreased steadily in the 1960s. In 1962, block excavation was introduced as an even more efficient mining method . Here, a large Erzblock was measured under traveling distances released from the mountains and through the rock mechanical pressure without special shooting schedule work to break thrown. The debris was drawn off using a discharge funnel and scraper sections. In 1963, the excavation progressed to the bottom and took place between the -120 and -180 m levels. In 1964, the ore reserves in the Eisenkuhle 1 and 2 storage facilities were exhausted. In 1965, the Georg-Friedrich mine was at the forefront of all German ore mining with a mining capacity of 18.7 tonnes per man and shift.
Shutdown
The ores still to come would have allowed a deeper extraction level at around −240 meters underground, but the mine came under increasing economic pressure from the cheap imported ores from abroad. In any case, the Ilseder Hütte only used the acidic ores as a supplement to the blast furnace oiler and reduced its orders for Dörntener ores. The plan to replace the outdated ore transport technology with the narrow-gauge railroad with truck loading, which is now in need of repair, was discarded for reasons of cost.
On April 2, 1968, funding was finally stopped. At last only 45 miners had been active. A total of 15.15 million tons of ore had been extracted by the time it was closed. After deducting the mining losses, there were still around 10 million tonnes in stocks.
After the closure, the shaft was backfilled and an overflow dam was built into the Schroeder tunnel. The dammed up pit water is still used today for the process water supply of a company for the recycling of animal carcasses and slaughterhouse waste that has moved into the above-ground operating buildings.
Current condition
The former, rectangular company premises are located about 2 km east of Dörnten parallel to the county road (K3) to Klein-Döhren. The surface installations , with the exception of the headframe remained largely retained, a building has been pulled down after a fire. From west to east there is initially an angled building that used to house offices, brand control and the (new) laundromat. Directly next to it is an elongated, coherent group of buildings, the middle part of which used to be the hoisting machine house. Architecturally, the buildings from the first years of the 20th century are similar to those on the site of the former Gerhardschacht of the sister mine Bülten-Adenstedt near Groß Bülten .
The mouth of the Schroederstollen has been restored by a group of people interested in mining since 2006.
literature
- Rainer Slotta : Technical monuments in the Federal Republic of Germany - Volume 5, Part 1: The iron ore mining . German Mining Museum, Bochum 1986, p. 187-193 .
- Heinrich Korthöber et al .: Mining in Salzgitter . The history of mining and the life of miners from the beginning to the present. In: Archives of the City of Salzgitter (Ed.): Contributions to the city's history . 1st edition. tape 13 . Appelhans, Salzgitter 1997, ISBN 3-930292-05-X , p. 37-52, 297-304 .
- Manfred Watzlawik et al .: Fortuna, Morgenstern, Georg-Friedrich . History and stories of ore mining near Döhren. Ed .: Döhrener Mining Working Group. 1st edition. Self-published, Groß-Döhren 1983.
- Heinz Kolbe: The history of iron ore mining in Salzgitter. Part 3: The exploration history of the facilities south and north of the Salzgitter urban area . In: Geschichtsverein Salzgitter eV (Ed.): Salzgitter Yearbook 1984, Volume 6 . Salzgitter 1984, exploration history of the Georg-Friedrich mine, Dörnten, p. 28-41 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dieter K. Huzel : From Peenemünde to Canaveral . Vision, Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-928787-04-8 , pp. 199–212 (American English: Peenemünde to Canaveral . Translated by Eleonore Boer).
- ^ Michael J. Neufeld: Wernher von Braun. Visionary of space, engineer of war. Translated from the English by Ilse Strasmann. Siedler, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-88680-912-7
- ↑ Kolbe: The history of iron ore mining in Salzgitter: The exploration history of the plants south and north of the Salzgitter urban area . 1984, p. 38