Lengede-Broistedt mine
| Lengede-Broistedt mine | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
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| Mining technology | Opencast mining and chamber mining | ||
| Funding / year | up to 1.5 million t | ||
| Funding / total | 55.7 million tons of iron ore | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | Ilseder Hut | ||
| Employees | up to 2110 (1923) | ||
| Start of operation | 1860 | ||
| End of operation | December 30, 1977 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Brown iron stone | ||
| Greatest depth | 112 m | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 52 ° 11 '56.2 " N , 10 ° 19' 17" E | ||
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| Location | Broistedt | ||
| local community | Lengede | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Torment | ||
| country | State of Lower Saxony | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Peine-Salzgitter area | ||
The Lengede-Broistedt iron ore mine belonged to the Ilseder Hütte and was located in the Lower Saxony community of Lengede on the Braunschweig-Hildesheim railway line .
The mine became known to the general public through the mining disaster in Lengede , a mining disaster that occurred on October 24, 1963 in the iron ore mine of Lengede-Broistedt in the Mathilde shaft . The event has become known as the “miracle of Lengede” because of the rescuing of eleven buried miners , which was hardly considered possible .
In the last years of operation until it was closed on December 30, 1977, the mine was considered the most modern ore mine in Europe and was one of the most powerful iron ore mines in Germany.
geology
The Lengede-Broistedt iron ore deposit is formed by a shallow basin that extends in a northeast-southwest strike direction over a length of slightly more than 5 km. This trough is 1.5-2 km wide and falls from north to south with about 6-10 gon . At the northern boundary, the brown iron ores stood on a line between the villages of Vallstedt and Barbecke and below the arable crust . The depth of the ore was around 100 m underground. The ore deposit was created as a so-called rubble ore deposit: clay iron stones (also called geodes ) were washed out of the clay in which they were embedded by the Upper Cretaceous Sea . The ore pebbles were then deposited in a trough and the cavities filled with clayey and calcareous binders. The later ores from the Lengede-Broistedt mine contained 26–29% iron , 16–18% lime and 14–17% silicic acid .
The Barbecke I mine in the southwest was built on the same deposit from 1936 to 1962 .
history
Precursor mining
The exact beginnings of mining on the deposit of the later Lengede-Broistedt mine are not known. An iron stone deposit near Bodenstedt is on record in the records of the Clausthal-Zellerfeld Oberbergamt in the years 1824–1825, where unsuccessful melting attempts were documented. In 1860 an opencast mine was first mentioned in a document and the information suggests that wild mining by farmers or citizens existed before that . On November 17, 1872, Ilseder Hütte bought the Sophienglück opencast mine from the Hanoverian merchant Julius Lüchau . This is seen as the start of scheduled mining. In fact, very few ores were smelted in the first few years. During this time, the ground above the ore deposit, which was only a few meters thick, was mostly removed with a pick and shovel and transported away in horse carts. The first official ore output of around 15,000 t has been handed down for the year 1875.
The Sophienglück-Mathilde mine 1877–1913
The mining claim Mathilde was Ilseder hut on Prussian territory on March 1, 1877 awarded . In the following years, the mining district of the Sophienglück-Mathilde mine was created through the loan and purchase of additional mining fields . The two opencast mines Sophienglück and Mathilde were separated by the state border between Prussia (annexed Kingdom of Hanover ) and Braunschweig . As a result, the two pits were subordinate to two different mining authorities .
The compact ore deposit formed a barrier for rainwater. For this reason, a 1500 m long tunnel was the river 1880-1882 Fuhse for water solution ascended . From 1884 onwards, the mined ores are first transported to the smelter in Groß Ilsede via a narrow-gauge railway . In 1888 around 72,000 t were mined per year. As early as 1889 the later state railway line Hildesheim-Braunschweig via Broistedt was completed. This traffic-related improvement should later lead to an increased effort when dismantling below the track body.
As mining progressed towards the south, the ore deposit became more solid and thicker. This made the use of steam shovel excavators from 1909 and of locomotives instead of horse-drawn carts for overburden removal. For dewatering stood by steam engines driven centrifugal pumps available. From 1913 electrical energy was provided as a drive source by the Ilseder Hütte via an underground cable.
The beginning of civil engineering funding and the development up to the mine disaster 1914–1963
Shortly before the beginning of the First World War , mining was economical up to a maximum overburden of 20 m. Therefore, planning began for a simultaneous excavation . The Anna shaft was started as a round shaft with a diameter of 6.0 m in 1912 and completed in 1915 to a depth of 64.93 m in the ore deposit. The hanging lawn bench was 86.8 m above sea level. NN ; the final depth was 73.0 m. The excavation in civil engineering began in 1914 initially over inclined stretches from the open pit. Brake peaks were driven at a lateral distance of around 100 m , from which the dismantling was led upwards at right angles. Not until completion of the second shaft shaft Mathilde 1921 was a promotion of the ore on the civil engineering shafts. Schacht Mathilde handed last with a depth of 112.0 m up to the lying of the ore body and on which was 60- and 100-m-sole connected. The diameter of the shaft tube was also 6.0 m and the hanging lawn bench was 85.9 m above sea level. NN .
The First World War required a considerable increase in production; In 1918, 645 workers were already working in the mine, compared to 67 in 1888. Since the character of the ores changed from calcareous to clayey binder with a further increase in the devil, processing was necessary. Therefore the ores I was created for the open-cast ores and the ores II and III for the underground ores , which began operations in 1918. This also made it possible to produce a salable phosphorite concentrate . Before that, the phosphorite nodules had to be picked out by hand , as the ore contained enough phosphorus for your own furnace oiler . 375 people work in the preparation alone. The treatment waste was collected in specially designed clarification ponds. After it was cleared, the Sophienglück opencast mine also served as a mud pond . The excavated material had to be deposited on a dump because of the enlargement of the open pit. This created the so-called cable car mountain from 1917 to 1927 . With a height of 62.7 m, this pointed cone slope is still the highest point in the Peine district . The highest workforce in the history of the mine was reached in 1921 with 2,110 men and women. Heavy work underground was made easier by electric scrapers from the 1930s onwards . The first attempts were also made with a self-constructed extraction machine, the so-called Meixner excavator , the technology of which was not yet fully developed. In 1937, a sloping section from the lumber yard at the shafts to the 60 m level was created to convey material . Numerous mining methods were tried out in the mine to improve mining .
After the Second World War , like almost everywhere else, operations came to a complete standstill and restarted according to plan at the end of the 1940s. In 1951 the Mathilde opencast mine was closed; The replacement was the new large Vallstedt open-cast mine , which delivered a total of around 2 million tonnes of ore from 1957 to 1964. There was an upswing and further mechanization of the mine in the 1950s. The first belt conveyor systems , double chain web conveyors and more compact single-rope scrapers were used for intermediate conveyance. The Mathilde shaft was given up as the sole main production shaft and Anna shaft together with the ore wash II. The headframe fell in 1959. Instead, the 1957 Wetterschacht Broistedt sunk . Production increased from just under 500,000 tons in 1949 to almost 1,300,000 tons in 1960. The remaining ore III was adapted to the increased quantities of ore and redesigned using the most modern methods of the time. A concentrate containing about 54% Fe was produced. In the 1950s, also was Federal Railroad safety pillars broken down and there hydraulic backfilling , not the usual Bruchbaues introduced. The name of the mine was changed to Lengede-Broistedt due to the migration of mining to the nearby town of Lengede .
The way to the most modern iron ore mine in Europe 1964–1977
The mining disaster of October 24, 1963 occurred at a time when an ongoing sales crisis was already threatening the very existence of German iron ore mining. The reason was the increasing imports of foreign ores, often of better quality, at lower costs. In the catastrophe, all mechanical equipment had been destroyed. That is why the Ilseder Hütte decided to undertake a comprehensive modernization of the mine under the premise of significantly increasing the production rates while keeping the production costs low. After the first successful attempts with an American continuous miner in the Vallstedt open-cast mine, two of these machines were procured for the cutting extraction of ores in civil engineering. The built on a tracked undercarriage roadheader broke the ores with rotating chisel-reinforced cutter chains from the mountain composite and promoted it via an integrated conveyor chain into the double chain conveyor mining promotion.
The route was conveyed with double locomotives and large-capacity conveyor wagons of 5.2 m³ corresponding to 7.8 t of raw ore. Through the swamping of the mine, experience was gained with the pumpability of the Lengeder ores. On the basis of this knowledge and extensive tests, an ore pumping system for hydraulic conveyance was set up on the 100 m level in 1966 . It consisted of two redundant centrifugal pump systems and a loading station with trolley emptying ( rocker ) and cleaning as well as a crushing and screening system. The pump chamber was located directly below the ore preparation. The ores were conveyed vertically upwards into the processing facility via a pipe shaft.
On January 26, 1968, at around 10:00 a.m., another major mine disaster occurred. 12 miners were killed in an explosive explosion.
In the years that followed, the Mathilde shaft was only used for passenger ropes . In the years 1967–1977, 1.1–1.5 million tons of raw ore were extracted annually. On December 30, 1977, the Lengede-Broistedt iron ore mine was shut down. The economically viable ore reserves were exhausted. After the operation was closed, around 35 remaining miners recovered usable parts . Finally, the operating facilities were dismantled, many buildings demolished and the mine workings kept. On September 20, 1979, the longstanding landmark of Lengeder mining, the 42 m high Mathilde headframe and the characteristic conveyor bridge were blown up.
Current condition
The former company site is now an industrial park, in which very little is reminiscent of the former mining industry, apart from the street names (e.g. Schacht-Anna-Ring or Erzring ). The workshop buildings still preserved cannot be recognized as part of a former mine. On a garden-like property is the sign with the words Mathilde, which was formerly on the headframe. The mine disaster memorial is located in a park at the point where the last rescue well was sunk. In addition, the cable car mountain with the mining park, which can be seen from afar, maintains the memory of Lengeder mining. The last tram has found its place there.
literature
- Otto Bilges et al .: The lights are out - About the historic mining in the Peine district . Bode, Haltern 1987, ISBN 3-925094-07-5 .
- Rainer Slotta : The iron ore mining . In: Technical monuments in the Federal Republic of Germany . tape 5 , part 1. German Mining Museum, Bochum 1986.
- Johannes Fischer, Niklas Irlich: The iron ore mine Lengede-Broistedt 1872-1977 . A treatise on 105 years of mining history in Lengede. BOD, Siegen 2017, ISBN 3-7431-8762-0 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ The Salzgitter room remembers the mining disaster in Lenged. www.hallowochenende.de, February 3, 2018, accessed on February 4, 2018 .
