Robbery (mining)

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In mining, robbery is the term used to describe the removal of operating resources and the removal of the mine from abandoned mine workings or operating points. The removal of the pillars left to support the roof is also referred to as robbing in mining. The miner differentiates between robbing and screwing in.

need

Robbery of the pit lining and the remaining pillars is necessary in mining operations so that the roof is no longer supported in the dismantled area and the hanging wall can break . In addition, by robbing the discarded pits, an unnecessary capital tie-up in the form of material that is no longer in use is to be prevented. For this reason, the excavation of the mining and rock stretches must take place as soon as possible after the end of the mining . The looted material can thus be quickly put to further use. In addition, it becomes more difficult to remove the material if it is not used for a longer period of time, since the condition of the road construction deteriorates due to the convergences . In the case of hydraulic longwall construction, it is necessary to screw in the rams, i.e. to push in the hydraulic ram by releasing the pressure, in order to move the longwall construction forwards or sideways. After the longwall has been completely dismantled, the longwall is also looted. The rapid excavation and subsequent damming of the pit structures to be thrown is also necessary in order to minimize the increased risk of explosion due to the reduced ventilation of the robbery site.

Robbery

The robbery happens in different ways. Until the end of the 19th century, the wooden stamps were turned over with a sabot . This work was carried out when there was little noise in the pit. The reason for this was the warning ability of the pit wood , which was noticeable through noises such as crackling or cracking and which the miner had to pay attention to. As a rule, this was the night shift, as no mining and extraction activities were carried out on this shift. Long- handled tack was used to steal the timber construction . Since the pit wood should be reused, efforts were made to recover the stamps as completely as possible. Punches under high pressure were hooked at the foot ends and then pulled out. If the stamps were jammed, explosives were used to expose the stamps. Today, a predetermined breaking point is created in wooden construction by sawing or notching and the construction is achieved mechanically using a robbery reel or winch. The steel track extension is stolen by hand using pulling jacks and hand winches or partially mechanized with pneumatic pulling devices or hydraulic line bow robbers. In longwall mining, the individual stamps are stolen with suitable robbery devices. For this, it is necessary that the lock is relieved of the respective stamps to be stolen before the robbery. Special robbery devices have been developed for robbing the walkway extension.

Security aspects

Robbery is very dangerous work. It must always be carried out under supervision and carried out with great attention and caution. The miner should have a lot of experience and skill, especially for stealing the wooden stamps. He must be very attentive to this work and pay attention to the noises made by the wood. Serious accidents often occurred when using a propeller, so better alternatives were sought. In the Prussian magazine Volume IV, Obersteiger Eckardt zu Hörde describes a robbery device he developed . A few years later, the head climber J. Kirschnik manufactured a robbery spindle that made it possible to pull the stolen punches out of the danger area without a miner having to be there. This spindle was used on the Concordia pit. By working from a safe location, the miner is not endangered by falling stones and coal even after releasing the stamp.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Tilo Cramm, Joachim Huske: Miners' language in the Ruhr area . 5th revised and redesigned edition. Regio-Verlag, Werne 2002, ISBN 3-929158-14-0 .
  2. ^ A b Moritz Ferdinand Gätzschmann: Collection of mining expressions . 2nd Edition. Verlag von Craz & Gerlach, Freiberg 1881.
  3. ^ A b Walter Bischoff , Heinz Bramann: The small mining dictionary . Ed .: Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum. 7th edition. Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1988, ISBN 3-7739-0501-7 .
  4. ^ A b Carl Hellmut Fritzsche: Textbook of mining science . 10th edition. Second volume. Springer Verlag, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1962.
  5. ↑ District government Arnsberg (Hrsg.): Instructions for the weather-related issues when robbing and / or damming of mine workings in hard coal mining . ( HTML [accessed February 20, 2012]).
  6. ^ A b Karl Friedrich Alexander Hartmann: The advances in hard coal mining in recent times . Published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1859.
  7. ^ A b Emil Stöhr, Emil Treptow: Basics of mining science including processing. Spielhagen & Schurich publishing house, Vienna 1892.
  8. ^ Heinrich Veith: German mountain dictionary with evidence. Published by Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn, Breslau 1871.
  9. ↑ a b Otto Proempeler, Hermann Hobrecker, Günther Epping: Pocket calendar for mine officials in the coal industry 1956 . Karl Marklein-Verlag GmbH, Düsseldorf 1956.
  10. ↑ Patent application (Offenlegungsschrift): Robbery device for expansion shields in underground operations. Publication number DE3626785A1 (accessed February 20, 2012).
  11. ^ A b Emil Treptow: Mining including quarrying and precious stone extraction. Publishing house and printing by Otto Spamer, Leipzig 1900.
  12. ^ A b Gustav Köhler: Textbook of mining history. 6th edition, published by Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig 1903