Hannoversche Kaliwerke
| Hannoversche Kaliwerke AG | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
 |
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| other names | Kalibohrgesellschaft Oelerse and ZH Gumpel | ||
| Mining technology | Chamber construction | ||
| Funding / year | 47,345 t | ||
| Rare minerals | Hard salt , sylvinite | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | Salzdetfurth AG / Aschersleben Group | ||
| Employees | about 300 | ||
| Start of operation | September 1905 | ||
| End of operation | 1926 | ||
| Successor use | Reserve work until August 12, 1936 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Potash salt | ||
| Mightiness | 8 to 17.5 m | ||
| Greatest depth | 905 m | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 52 ° 23 '4.7 " N , 10 ° 13' 9" E | ||
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| Location | Abbenser Straße 11, 31234 Edemissen | ||
| local community | Edemissen | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Torment | ||
| country | State of Lower Saxony | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Northern Hanover Potash District | ||
The Hannoversche Kaliwerke AG was a mining company on potash salts . From 1905 to 1926 she operated a potash mine near the village of Oedesse (municipality of Edemissen ) in the Peine district in Lower Saxony .
geology
The origin of the Berkhöpen salt dome
The Hanover potash works built on the southern part of the Berkhöpen salt dome . This salt dome is one of around 200 known deposits of this type in northern Germany. The salt layers from which the deposit arose were formed at the time of the Zechstein around 260 million years ago, when sea water evaporated in a shallow basin. The salt layers were later covered by further deposits and are now at a depth of around 3000 meters. In a weak zone of the basement, the salts have penetrated the slope layers (→ halokinesis ). Originally, the salt dome reached close to the surface of the day. The salt was loosened and washed away within the heavily water-bearing floating sand and gravel layers of the Pleistocene . Hardly soluble anhydrite and clay remained. These formed the so-called gypsum hat over the actual salt deposit.
Geographical location and extent
The salt level of the Berkhöpen salt dome, i.e. the upper limit, lies at a depth of around 200 meters. The salt dome is 2300 meters long, 1200 meters wide and strikes from south to north. The southern boundary is approximately at the level of the village of Oelheim , which owes its origin and name to the oil deposits in the flank area of the salt dome, and the northern boundary at Eddesse . The eastern and western borders are formed by Berkhöpen and Oedesse.
Later the steep Staßfurt potash seam with a thickness of 8 to 17.5 meters, which was embedded between older and younger rock salt layers, was mined .
mineralogy
The mass of the salt dome consisted of rock salt . In the Staßfurt camp, the potash salt was mainly formed by hard salt . The pure potassium content (K 2 O) averaged 14.2%. Some of the crude salt contained up to 80% potassium chloride .
History and technology
Revelation story
In June 1900 the Kalibohrgesellschaft Oelerse and the Hanover-based company ZH Gumpel merged to exploit potash salts in the Edemissen area. Both companies brought rights holders in the places Oelerse, Abbensen , Schwüblingsen , Wendesse , Oedesse, Edemissen and Eddesse with a total area of 23.6 km² and a total capital of 4 million marks into the joint venture. The Hannoversche Kaliwerke issued further shares in the amount of 1.5 million marks in 1904 . The new shares were acquired by banks from Berlin and Halle , the Ludwig II trade union from Staßfurt and the ZH Gumpel company. The executive committee was the mountain assessor R. Meyer from Peine .
In addition to a few shallower boreholes, a total of three deep boreholes were sunk to explore the Berkhöpen salt dome. Borehole I discovered an occurrence of almost pure Sylvins four meters thick at a depth of 467 meters . In contrast, borehole II was unsuccessfully set in rock salt at 711 meters, while borehole III found a hard salt deposit of 8.5 meters at a depth of 578 meters. In addition, some oil was also drilled, but it was not enough for economic extraction.
Oedesse mine
| Depth | expansion | m NN | comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | Masonry | 63.4 | Rhgbk. |
| 2 | 61.4 | Lye level | |
| 6th | 57.4 | ||
| 204 | Segments | -140.6 | Salt level |
| 242 | -178.6 | ||
| 480 | Masonry | -416.6 | 480 m level |
| 540 | -476.6 | 540 m level | |
| 600 | -536.6 | 600 m level | |
| 640 | -576.6 | 640 m level | |
| 660 | -596.6 | 660 m level | |
| 720 | -656.6 | 720 m level | |
| 780 | -716.6 | 780 m level | |
| 822 | -758.6 | partially filled (demolition mass) | |
| 840 | -776.6 | 840 m level | |
| 880 | -816.6 | 880 m level | |
| 906 | -842.6 | Final depth |
Based on the drilling results, the decision was made to build a shaft near Bore III near Oedesse. Since the uppermost layers consisted of loose and strongly water-bearing sand and gravel, the Düsseldorf specialist company Haniel & Lueg was commissioned to sink the first 60 meters using the freeze shaft method. At the beginning of September 1905 the freeze holes for the 5.5 meter wide shaft were made. After the mountains had frozen, the actual sinking work began in mid-April 1906. The contractually agreed depth was reached on July 28, 1906.
The Oedesse shaft was deepened by the company's own workforce. As early as April 1, 1905, the first five miners had been recruited from the surrounding villages and had carried out preparatory construction work on the Zechenplatz. Up to a depth of 195 meters, a few meters before reaching the rock salt, the sinking work went well. Then on March 12, 1907, a water inrush occurred. The inflows were 18 m³ per minute and filled the shaft up to 35 m below the hanging lawn bench in a short time . Since the shaft with a steel tubbing has been removed, this was a Betonpfropfens on the sole after introduction gesümpft be. The tributaries were then sealed by injecting cement milk through boreholes in the rock under the shaft floor. In April 1910 the rock salt was reached. There was even less water ingress, which could be stopped by backfilling the tubbing column with concrete. In early 1912, the shaft was completed to the final depth of 905 meters. Tubbings were installed up to 237 meters, below which the shaft was lined . Production levels and filling points were created underground at 780, 840 and 880 meters.
During the sinking work, the necessary surface operating facilities were set up. There was a boiler house with a 60-meter-high chimney to which an elevated water tank was attached, an electrical center, a hoisting machine house with a twin steam hoisting machine , the shaft hall with the steel headframe , raw salt mill , chew and workshop buildings, as well as administrative and operating houses. The colliery site was connected to the Berlin-Lehrter Railway in Dedenhausen via a connecting railway built in 1908/1909 . Because of the high potassium chloride content in the crude salt, there was no need to build a chlorinated potassium factory.
Funding began in 1913. The highest annual production was reached in 1924 with 47,345 tons of crude salt. This corresponded to 7,935 tons of K 2 O.
Due to the considerable difficulties in building the shaft, the share capital was increased to a total of 14 million marks by 1923 by issuing preference shares several times .
Berkhöpen mine
| Depth | expansion | m NN | comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | Segments | 66.9 | Rhgbk. |
| 2 | 64.9 | Lye level | |
| 204 | -137.1 | Salt level | |
| 236 | -169.1 | ||
| 530 | Masonry | -463.1 | 530 m level |
| 660 | -593.1 | 660 m level | |
| 670 | -603.1 | Final depth |
The Goslar Mining Authority requested a second mobile shaft in its area of responsibility for safety reasons. In order to meet this requirement, the Hannoversche Kaliwerke together with the Ludwig II trade union founded the Kaliwerke Berkhöpen GmbH on June 27, 1913 . The establishment of own companies for the construction of further shafts in connection with usage contracts was a widespread means at that time to increase the share of sales by awarding a participation figure in the potash indicator.
The preparatory work for the shaft construction had already started two years earlier at a distance of around 400 meters from the main shaft Oedesse (or shaft I). Rheinisch-Westfälische Schachtbau AG was responsible for drilling through the floating sand layers using the freeze shaft method . On February 2, 1916, the depth was 394 meters. The shaft lay in rock salt from 215 meters. At the end of the First World War, the final depth of 670 meters was completed and the shaft was connected to the Oedesse shaft on the 540 m and 660 m level.
The Berkhöpen shaft (shaft II) was used exclusively as a weather shaft for the Hanover potash works. Accordingly, only the most necessary daytime facilities were available and this was looked after from the Oedesse shaft.
Shutdown
In order to regulate the German potash market on a sustainable basis and to curb the overproduction of potash salts, the Reichstag issued the ordinance on October 22, 1921, amending the provisions of the Act on the Regulation of the Potash Industry of July 18, 1919 , known for short as the decommissioning ordinance . It offered the potash plant operators to voluntarily shut down less profitable plants by the end of December 31, 1953. The previously granted participation number (= sales quota) in the German Potash Indicator could be transferred to other plants. This offer was readily accepted by the German potash industry. By 1933, 125 of a total of 229 pits were closed permanently or temporarily.
This also affected the Hannoversche Kaliwerke, which had been owned by the Salzdetfurth AG / Aschersleben Group since 1926 . Because of the high percentage of hard salt decomposition , the decision was made in 1926 to stop mining, but to maintain the mine with an emergency team of 11 miners on standby.
In the summer of 1936, water inflows of up to 40 liters per minute occurred in the Oedesse shaft at a depth of 242 meters. Evidently fissured waters from the gypsum hat found a way to the shaft wall below the tubbing column after the Sylvins had dissolved. Although sealing work began immediately, the masonry could not withstand the hydrostatic pressure of around 24 bar. On August 12, 1936, there was a massive ingress of lye, which completely flooded the mine within 20 hours and made it unusable. While the pit was drowning, several building damage occurred in Oedesse due to subsidence of the earth's surface.
In the spring of 1937, the demolition and utilization of most of the daytime facilities began.
Current condition
In the Klein-Oedesse district, only the former laboratory building, the director's villa and an administration building are reminiscent of the Hanover potash works . These buildings are located on Schachtweg , which branches off from Abbenser Straße (L320) to the south and are now used as private houses. In the vicinity, the former spoil dump can still be seen, as well as the shaft sealed by a concrete cover , which is still managed as an inactive mine at K&S AG. The history of potash mining in the region is explained on information boards at this point. On the L320 in the direction of Abbensen there are still two civil servant houses that are also used as private houses. An old smithy, which formerly belonged to the Klein Oedesse plant, was demolished a few years ago because it was outside of the development plan.
Around the heap, which dates from 1905–1926, a biotope has formed where salt plants such as red samphire and beach grass thrive and where brine shrimp have settled.
In 2012 the Berkhöpen shaft was filled with gravel and crushed stone. For this purpose, the manhole cover and the manhole cap were broken off and a working platform was erected. During the backfilling in November 2012, the backfill column dropped by around 40 meters, which, based on the principle of communicating pipes, led to a brief increase in the water level in the Oedesse shaft, causing the shaft cover to float up and the water to flow away through the gap. Since brine and fresh water do not mix, the upper meters of the water column in the shaft only consisted of "slightly mineralized" fresh water and the area around the shaft was not salty as a result of the event.
The Oedesse shaft was filled with 14,122 tons of crushed stone and 6,414 tons of gravel by the beginning of 2015 and sealed with a 30 cm thick concrete cover.
literature
- Rainer Slotta : Technical monuments in the Federal Republic of Germany - Volume 3: The potash and rock salt industry . German Mining Museum, Bochum 1980, p. 344-350 .
- Otto Bilges et al .: The lights are out - About the historic mining in the Peine district . Doris Bode Verlag, Haltern 1987, ISBN 3-925094-07-5 , p. 216-225 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ August Moos : The oil deposits on the salt dome of Ödesse . In: Journal of the German Geological Society . tape 84 , January 1, 1932, p. 465-480 ( schweizerbart.de [accessed June 13, 2013]).
- ↑ display board at the location; Professor Soleum's diary , booklet accompanying the Edemissen leisure map , publisher: Edemissen municipality, 1st edition 2003
- ↑ Christoph Guder, Christiane Evers, Dietmar Brandes: Potash heaps as model objects of the small-scale pile dynamics shown in investigations in the northern Harz foreland . 1998, p. 641-665 .
- ↑ Klein Oedesse: Shaft was opened. Peiner Allgemeine Zeitung , September 17, 2012, accessed June 16, 2013 .
- ↑ Incident when backfilling the shaft. Peiner Allgemeine Zeitung, November 12, 2012, accessed June 16, 2013 .
- ↑ Katharina Vössing: 24,000 tons of gravel for the “Oedesse” and “Berkhöpen” shafts. Peiner Nachrichten, February 27, 2012, accessed June 16, 2013 .
- ↑ Potash shafts are already filled. www.paz-online.de, January 11, 2015, accessed June 9, 2018 .
Web links
- The history of the K + S group. (PDF, 2.77 MB) Archived from the original on October 31, 2015 ; Retrieved June 16, 2013 .
- Potash mining at Oedesse. Retrieved June 16, 2013 .
- The history of potash mining comes to an end. Peiner Allgemeine Zeitung, December 27, 2011, accessed June 16, 2013 .
- Early documents and newspaper articles on the Hannoversche Kaliwerke in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
