Oelheim

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Oelheim
municipality Edemissen
Coordinates: 52 ° 22 ′ 52 ″  N , 10 ° 13 ′ 50 ″  E
Height : approx. 64 m above sea level NHN
Incorporation : 1928
Postal code : 31234
Area code : 05176
Oelheim (Lower Saxony)
Oelheim

Location of Oelheim in Lower Saxony
Historic deep pump
Historic deep pump

Oelheim is a district in the municipality of Edemissen in the Peine district in Lower Saxony .

geography

The district of Oelheim is located north of the district town of Peine between the two regional centers of Hanover and Braunschweig on the edge of the Südheide.

history

The area had belonged to the Gografschaft Edemissen in the Meinersen district since 1532 and was incorporated into the Peine district in 1885. It was not until 1881 that the place was given its name "Ölheim".

The petroleum deposit, which is distributed over different layers and levels of the earth formation and is considered a "secondary deposit ", was decisive for the development of the village . As early as the 16th century, tar pits were mentioned that were in a certain way "exploited" by the residents of the area. In the 18th century, the pastor at that time, Johann Heinrich Pape, reported from Edemissen, also about the "Theerkuhlen" and the "Oischer Fett" (Oedesser Fett), as the people of Edemissen called it. The kurbraunschweig-lüneburgische Field Marshal Cuno Joshua von Bulow (* 1658 on Good Abbensen , † 1733), settled in 1704, during the Spanish War of Succession , this fat Send to Brabant and a "Arzney" manufacture from which his men against a "raging epidemic and frozen limbs ”. But also in Edemissen and the surrounding area the beneficial effects of the “Oischer Fettes” for humans and animals were valued.

In 1928 part of the village was incorporated into Oedesse and another part into Edemissen. In 1965 the independent municipalities of Edemissen, Alvesse , Blumenhagen , Mödesse and Voigtholz-Ahlemissen merged to form the joint municipality of Edemissen, which was also joined in 1971 by Oedesse. In the course of the territorial reform in Lower Saxony in 1974 the unified community of Edemissen was formed from the localities of the integrated community of Edemissen and eight other independent communities.

The oil rush

Petroleum drilling mills in Oelheim . After a sketch by Alfred Schütze, in: Die Gartenlaube , 1881
Drilling rig from Oelheim, set up as a museum in the Wietze Oil Museum.

Experts in the 19th century suspected evidence of an oil deposit in the area around Edemissen on the basis of reports in which the so-called "Theerkuhlen" were mentioned as early as 1563/64. The first oil well in Edemissen-Oedesse in 1862 was also the third well on behalf of the Royal Hanoverian government and was carried out by Georg Christian Konrad Hunäus . It reached a depth of 15 meters and brought only a small yield of a few buckets of oil. The well covered existed until recently.

A 10-meter-deep shaft sunk in the Schwarzwasser in Oedesse in 1867 exploded on contact with open light and was thereby destroyed. The Belgian company B. Allemand paid 300 marks to the municipal treasury for drilling permits in Edemissen in 1872. In the same year, a second Belgian drilling company ("Virginia") began drilling, under the direction of Professor Louis Harper (pseudonym for Hübotter , son of the mayor of Peine, Ernst Friedrich Hübotter). Through the merger of three business people from Bremen, E. Meyer, Dr. Wilkens and G. Kleissen, the first Bremen petroleum drilling mill was founded in 1876 . An accident on an Edemisser drilling site of the entrepreneur Kleissen in the autumn of 1877, in which an Oedesser worker lost his hand, caused the governor of Uslar-Gleichen to oblige the companies to pay damages and to pay the drug costs. Since then, the workers have been financially secure in the event of industrial accidents.

Population
development
year Residents
1885 69
1895 36
1905 50

In August 1878, the works inspector Hermann Meyer from Bremen built the first barracked house in Oelheim. Meyer's correspondence with the Meinersen Office initiated the naming “Ölheim”.

Several times there were sabotage cases on the facilities of the later “Ölheimer” area , which were supported and covered by the population. In the spring of 1879, for example, works inspector Hermann Meyer's barracks went up in flames. The Edemiss fire brigade and the mayor received a reprimand from the Meinersen office for failing to provide assistance. On January 1, 1881, Ölheim officially received its place name.

When the “Mohr 3” well in Ölheim eruptively struck gold at 37.5 and 66 meters on July 21, 1881, an “oil rush” broke out. The existing barrels could not hold the amount of oil and the first " pipeline " in Germany was completed from the "Ölheim" oil field to the refinery in Peine.

This was followed by a run on oil stocks on the stock exchange. The scientific journal Chemiker-Zeitung named the place: the German "New Pensylvanien" In Peine and Braunschweig a newspaper appeared, which dealt only with Ölheim. Tourists and speculators interested in oil arrived in Peine in special trains, in order to be driven from there to Ölheim by horse and cart. In autumn the operation of a steam car from Peine to Ölheim started and a Hanoverian merchant was planning the construction of a railway connection from Peine to Ölheim. The trial run with the street steam car had to be discontinued due to the poor road conditions. The number of resident companies rose to 47 and the workforce to around 1500 workers. At the end of 1881, Ölheim also had its own gendarmerie station.

The collapse

In the spring of 1882 the Meinersen Office issued its first deep drilling ordinance . The salt water that leaked out during the drilling was no longer allowed to be channeled into Schwarzwasser , a tributary of the Fuhse , and in March – May 1883 the oil operations in Ölheim were judicially closed. Many companies in Ölheim collapsed and, as a result, the " stock market crash ". Many investors and speculators lost their wealth in a short time. Of the former 1500 workers, only 20 were left for maintenance work. In the autumn of 1883 the gendarmerie station was also closed.

In February 1884 the judicial shutdown of the oil companies was lifted and the refinery of the Ölheimer Petroleum Industrie resumed shortly afterwards. But for many companies involved, the standstill had led to bankruptcy. From 47 companies only six were still active.

In August 1884 the place received a "Posthülfsstelle". The United Continental Oil Company, London (UCOC) in Ölheim went into liquidation in 1885 . In January 1887, companies operating in Ölheim merged to form the "United German Petroleum Works". In October 1887 the "Hamburger Petroleum-Companie Liquide" was founded, from which the "Theodor Arnemann Civilingenieur Hamburg" and the drilling works "Lubricating Oil and Petroleum Fountain Oedesse" emerged. In 1892 the "Germania Petroleum-Bohrwerk AG Ölheim" started its activity. The company was founded under the leadership of the former CEO Eduard Nordmann under the name “Erdölwerke Dr. E. Nordmann AG ”continued. In 1893 the "Mechanische Werkstatt Ölheim" went into liquidation. In 1896 the streets of Ölheim received gas lighting from their own gas production with Auer lanterns . In 1904 the deep drilling technician and entrepreneur Anton Raky (1868–1943) began his drilling activities in Ölheim.

The oil works “Dr. E. Nordmann AG ”founded a relief fund for employees in distress in 1905. In 1911 the “Erdölwerke Dr. E. Nordmann AG ”to the“ Deutsche Mineralöl-Industrie-Gesellschaft ”in Wietze . In 1916 the petroleum refinery in Peine, which belonged to Ölheim, was sold by the company "Saigge & Cie" to "Ölwerke Julius Schindler, Hamburg". In 1917, the "United German Petroleum Works" (VDPW) and the "Deutsche Mineralöl Industrie AG" (DMIAG) were sold to the "Deutsche Petroleum AG" (DPAG) in Wietze due to the decline in production . In March 1925, the Preussische Bergwerks- und Hütten AG ( Preussag ) Bohrverwaltung Schönebeck participated in the Anton Raky deep drilling in the Berkhöpen forest . After initial failures in 1928, Preussag left Anton Raky and then acquired the business together with Wintershall in 1930 when Raky got into a financial crisis.

In 1933, Preussag founded the “Trade Union Florentine” with the aim of exploring oil in Berkhöpen and other places. In 1936 the " Deutsche Erdöl Aktiengesellschaft , Wietze" (DEA) laid an oil pipeline from Ölheim along the Ölheimer Weg, Hermann-Löns-Straße, railway embankment, to the loading station at what was then Edemissen station.

The extension of the oil contracts between Preussag, the municipality of Edemissen and the landowners took place in 1953. In the spring of 1956, Preussag's last oil wells in Ölheim were filled. This ended the story of an oil deposit, which was imprinted on history with the creation of the place name "Oelheim".

Waltersbad

With the oil rush, many people came to the area around Edemissen. At first they found accommodation in the inns and hotels of the district town of Peine, which were soon completely overcrowded. The "Deutsche Petroleum Bohrgesellschaft Bremen" built the first accommodation facility in Ölheim. However, it consisted only of a barrack and was called "Hotel New Pensylvania" and was later replaced by a solid stone building. The second hotel was built by the “Ölheimer Petroleum Industrie Gesellschaft” and leased to a hotelier. The third hotel in Ölheim was built by Gustav Walter from Cologne, who was already working in Ölheim as a building contractor for Rhenish companies. In several construction phases, Walter built an office building, residential building and hotel on his own account. Gustav Walter appointed his brother Emil to manage his properties in Ölheim, who accompanied and supported him on all of his stations.

When the Ölheimer Bohrwerke were shut down by court order in May 1883, there was a rapid decline in the number of visitors, which also hit the hotelier Walter hard. When oil production could be resumed with certain conditions from 1884, Emil Walter took over the entire complex from his brother Gustav and continued to manage it on his own. In mid-June 1885 he bought additional properties from the "Ölheimer Petroleum Industrie Gesellschaft" (OPIG) Adolf Mohr, which had taken over properties from the "Rheinisch-Westphälische Bohrgesellschaft".

On a plot of land near the hotel, there was an open, but not successful, 210-meter-deep borehole from 1881. While the director of OPIG, Stellwage, was looking for a way to remove the salt water (brine) from the boreholes , the hotelier urgently needed more hotel guests. The idea arose to lead the brine back into the ground and use it as a bathing facility. This technique, which is still in use today, first had to be implemented against the resistance of the Edemiss community and the farmers from Edemissen and Oedesse. Bathing was already started at the end of 1885.

Since Emil Walter also promoted his bathing business nationwide, he had to provide official proof of the water quality . The analysis was so favorable that Walter named the spring after the first names of three family members "Marienquelle" and the entire facility after his family name "Waltersbad". Although Walter did an extraordinary amount of advertising with the means available at the time, the number of visitors fell short of expectations. It was mainly bathers from the surrounding area and from the district town of Peine who visited the pool.

When the Waltersbad caught fire at the end of May 1894, arson was suspected. However, the act could not be proven. The damage was borne by Walter's fire insurance; a similar reconstruction of the plant was nevertheless not carried out.

From 1894 to 1896 Walter also took over the restoration and the "Hotel New Pensylvania". Since the bathing business went more badly than well in the following years, Walter gave it up completely and limited himself to the restoration. Another fire in 1904 meant the end for Waltersbad. Emil Walter sold the complex in 1906 and died in 1907.

religion

The district of Oelheim belongs to the parish of the Martin Luther parish of Edemissen in the parish of Peine.

Culture and sights

  • House of Friends of Nature Peine since 1959 in Oelheim
  • Oil and salt trail (information on this in the town hall of Edemissen)

Economy and Infrastructure

education

In addition to kindergartens, there are now elementary schools in Edemissen (there are also reliable elementary schools in three districts ), secondary school and secondary school . Secondary schools such as grammar school and vocational school are located in the district town of Peine.

traffic

There is a local public transport bus to Edemissen and Peine. The Peine, Watenbüttel- Braunschweig and Hämelerwald junctions form the connections to the Federal Motorway 2 . The closest passenger stations are in Peine, Dedenhausen and Hämelerwald.

literature

  • Association of Homeland History Edemissen eV: The community of Edemissen , Sutton 2007. ISBN 978-3-86680-202-5
  • Jürgen Dieckhoff: Edemissen - Wellbeing Community, Edemissen Municipality 1999
  • Karl Zeinart: Edemisser Geschichte , Heft 5a, self-published 2003
  • Karl Zeinart: Edemisser Geschichte , issue 4, self-published 2001
  • Karl Zeinart: Edemisser Geschichte , Heft 3b, 3c, self-published 2000
  • Karl Zeinart: Edemisser Geschichte , Heft 2, 3a, self-published 1999
  • Karl Zeinart: Edemisser Geschichte , Issue 1, self-published 1998

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Chemiker-Zeitung , Volume 5, 1881, p. 645
  2. ↑ The Oil Fever of Oelheim. In: Hans-Hinrich Munzel: Walk through Peiner's local history (s). Peine 2008, pp. 20-21.
  3. ↑ Chemiker-Zeitung , Volume 5, 1881, p. 727

Web links

Commons : Oelheim  - Collection of images, videos and audio files