Salzgitter mountain range
| Salzgitter mountain range | |
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 The Salzgitter ridge (top right) in the northeast |
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| Highest peak | Four mountains ( 322.9 m above sea level ) |
| location | near the urban district of Salzgitter ; Lower Saxony ( Germany ) |
| Lower Saxony highlands | Innerstebergland |
| Coordinates | 52 ° 3 ' N , 10 ° 22' E |
The Salzgitter mountain range (also known as the Salzgitterscher mountain range ) is up to 322.9 m above sea level. NHN high hill country in the Lower Saxon mountainous region between Salzgitter and Goslar in the districts of Wolfenbüttel and Goslar and in the area of the independent city of Salzgitter in the east of Lower Saxony . The district of Hildesheim is located to the west and near the ridge .
The term Salzgitter-Höhenzug is an expression used in the northern Harz foreland, which cannot be found by name in maps and which stands for the elevations north of the Harz Mountains between the aforementioned cities .
The state forest of the Salzgitter ridge is administered by several forest offices, including the Salder district forester in Salzgitter-Salder .
geography
location
The wooded Salzgitter ridge is located in the northeast and east of the Innerstebergland (northeastern part of the Lower Saxon mountainous region) and forms sections of the border to the eastern adjacent northern part of the Harz foreland .
The Salzgitter ridge stretches from Baddeckestedt (in the northwest) via Salzgitter (approximately in the north) and its widely scattered districts almost to Goslar on the northern edge of the Harz (in the south). It lies east of the valley of the Innerste and west of the valleys of Fuhse and Oker , which are both tributaries of the Aller . To the north, part of the Braunschweig-Hildesheimer Loessbörde joins the Lebenstedter Börde . In all other directions there are other elevations not far: to the east lies the Oderwald , southeast the Harly forest , south the Harz , west the Hainberg and northwest the Vorholz .
Natural allocation
The Salzgitter mountain range forms the natural region of the Salzgitter mountain range (379.22) in the natural spatial main unit group Weser-Leine-Bergland (No. 37), in the main unit Innerstebergland (379) and in the sub-unit Ringelheimer Bergland (379.2).
division
The Salzgitter mountain range is divided into four unnamed parts - with the height in meters (m) above sea level:
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Northwest part ( consisting in particular of the Lichtenberg
Mountains ) (up to 254.2 m; between Holle and Salzgitter-Gebhardshagen ) -
Northern central section
(up to 275.3 m; between Salzgitter-Gebhardshagen and Salzgitter-Bad ) -
Southern central part
(up to 307.0 m; between Salzgitter-Bad and Liebenburg ) -
Southern part (up to 322.9 m; between Liebenburg and Goslar- Immenrode or - Hahndorf )
The north-western part of the Salzgitter ridge, which consists in particular of the Lichtenberg Mountains (up to 254 m high in the Burgberg), extends in a boomerang shape between several districts from Baddeckestedt in the west and north-west via Salzgitter-Lichtenberg in the north to Salzgitter-Gebhardshagen in the south-east. Its northern central part (in the Hamberg up to 275.3 m high) lies between Salzgitter-Gebhardshagen in the north-northwest and Salzgitter-Bad in the south-southeast. The southern central part of the Salzgitter ridge (up to 307 m high in the Bärenkopf) is between Salzgitter-Bad in the northwest and Liebenburg in the southeast. Its southern part (in the "Four Mountains" up to 322.9 m high) lies between Liebenburg in the northwest and Immenrode in the southeast and Hahndorf in the south (both northern districts of Goslar).
The border between the northwestern Liebenbergen and the northern central part is a section of the state road 670, which connects Elbe -Gustedt in the west with Salzgitter-Gebhardshagen in the east. The dividing line between the northern and southern central parts runs along the B 248 , which runs through the ridge near Salzgitter-Bad . The boundary between the southern central part and the southern part is a section of the state road 500, which connects Othfresen in the west via the Heimerode district with Vienenburg in the east. These three roads each lead through small valleys or depressions in the Salzgitter ridge.
description
In the Salzgitter mountain range, which is criss-crossed by around 150 km of hiking trails , some streams arise as tributaries from the Innerste, Fuhse and Oker, all of which belong to the Aller catchment area. In the south-east-north-west direction, the mountain range, which in particular bears beech forests on limestone soils, gradually falls away.
geology
The Salzgitter ridge is one of the distinctive salt structures in southeast Lower Saxony. It was created in the Cretaceous through the rise of Zechstein salts, which arched the younger layers of the Mesozoic Era like a saddle. The formation of the salt domes goes back to 250 million years ago, when large amounts of salt minerals were deposited through evaporation from sea water during an extended period of warm climates. The rock formation of the Zechstein was created with a characteristic sequence of layers of gypsum, salts and other rocks. In the further course of the earth's history, these formations were overlaid by deposits of the Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous and, further in the New Age, by layers of the Tertiary and Quaternary. Under the weight of these layers, the salt masses began to deform plastically and to rise locally, first in the form of flat cushions, then as salt domes and occasionally even in extensive salt walls.
In the case of the Salzgitter mountain range, this salt rise reached its first climax in the early Cretaceous period; in the process, a high area formed in which the latest deposits were now subjected to erosion. When the clayey layers from the Lias and Dogger were eroded during this removal, the clay-iron soil that often occurs in them accumulated on the surface of the earth and were transformed into limonite nodules under the influence of the warm climate at the time. In the later Lower Cretaceous ("Neokom"), the sea gradually advanced again over the mainland from the north, washing up the limonite lumps and shards in layers or in depressions on the sea floor ("ore ponds"). The iron ores were then quickly covered by sandy-clayey, later calcareous marine deposits.
In the early Cretaceous to powerful light-colored formed limestone serials, pläners called that today make up the bright outlines of mountain ranges. Many poor grassland and other dry biotopes worthy of protection are located on them. On the saddle flanks of the Salzgitter mountain range, the layers were raised steeply by the uplift. The inner trough forms the north-western end of the subhercyne chalk trough.
Towards the end of the Cretaceous Period, a renewed rise in salt caused the formation of today's Salzgitterer Saddle. In this way, the iron ore deposits of "rubble ores" of the Salzgitter type, which were so important for the development of the Salzgitter region, were created: In the 19th and until the middle of the 20th century, these iron ores formed the basis for the steel industry in the greater Salzgitter area that still exists today.
Where the salt reached the earth's surface, it was dissolved by the groundwater ( subrosion ). What remains are so-called residual rocks made of gypsum, which form the gypsum hat that is characteristic of salt domes. The further dissolution of the salt diapir is largely inhibited by these plasters, which cover the salt .
history
The urn cemetery on the Flötheberg east of Othfresen is evidence of settlement on the Salzgitter mountain range as early as the migration period. A pass runs over the mountain. During some extensions of the pass road, remains of urns with corpse burn were found, which are dated to the 3rd to 4th century AD. The fact that the Salzgitter mountain range was also settled in the Middle Ages and was visited by people can be seen, for example, from the ruins of Lichtenberg Castle . In several places in the ridge there was intensive iron ore mining and limestone was extracted - numerous building remains, opencast mines (e.g. the Haverlahwiese opencast mine ) and the Salzgitter-Salder limestone quarry still bear witness to this time. In the former clearing ponds of the mines there are now some small still waters (such as the Morgenstern and Fortunateich and the Reihersee ).
natural reserve
Parts of several landscape protection and fauna-flora-habitat areas are located on the Salzgitter ridge . Natur- und Umwelthilfe Goslar e.V. operates active nature conservation in its southern habitats. V. This association buys and renatures semi-dry lime grass in the Hirschberg and Backenberg area near Heissum, Grevelberg, Galgenberg and Flöteberg and the Gipskuhle near Othfresen. These habitats are significant from a national perspective, both because of their biotope and geotope qualities. Due to the geological and resulting geomorphological situation along the Harz foothills, the limestone ribs of the "Salzgitter mountain range" were man-made in earlier centuries because they could not be used otherwise than pasture areas were cultivated. Regular grazing ensured a constant discharge of nutrients, prevented bushes and natural forest cover. Particularly frugal, very small plant species were able to survive and settle. Because of the low height of these plants, one can speak of “lawn” here. Almost all of those "lawns" are today on and on mountain tops. These areas are limestone vegetation areas that are very worthy of protection and are of great botanical importance for the entire region because of the flora and fauna that has settled there. This is due to a high proportion of rare plants whose protection ( Red List of Endangered Species ) is imperative. Almost all of the areas are designated as 28a biotopes and are located in the FFH area “Salzgitterscher Höhenzug”.
Attractions
Among the attractions in the northwest part of the Salzgitter Höhenzugs (particularly light mountains) include on the Castle Hill (241 m) standing ruins of Lichtenberg Castle with a lookout structure on the castle tower remaining and built from 1580 Oelber Castle at Oelber on white paths , a district of Baddeckenstedt . The Bismarck Tower observation tower is located on the Hamberg (275.3 m) in the northern central part .
In the southern central part of the ridge, between Salzgitter-Bad in the north and Othfresen in the south, there is the Grenzlerburg cultural monument and the remains of the foundations of an observation tower on the Bärenkopf (307.0 m) north of Othfresen , the highest point of the (southern) seven heads .
From the ridges of the ridge, the view extends over large parts of the Salzgitter area, to the Harz foreland and Innerstebergland , to the north to Braunschweig and to the south to the Harz .
Transport links
Sections of the A 36 in the east and the B 6 in the west, as well as parts of the A 39 in the north in the south-west-north-east direction, lead past the Salzgitter ridge . In a south-west-north-east direction, the B 248 runs through the ridge between the north and south of the central part (near Salzgitter-Bad ). In addition, two state roads ( L 670 and L 500 ) and a few district roads lead through the ridge.
Surveys
The surveys of the Salzgitter ridge include - sorted according to parts of the ridge and height in meters (m) above sea level (NHN):
Northwest part (between Holle and Salzgitter-Gebhardshagen):
Lichtenberge:
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A ridge extends south of the Lichtenberge and thus also in the north-western part, which is separated from the Lichtenbergen by the valley of the Oelber Bach, in which the village of Oelber on the white road and the Altenhagen settlement are located. It consists of these parts:
- Seven Heads (243 m; near Gustedt; eastern part)
- Gustedter Berg (approx. 230 m; middle part)
- Elber Berg (225 m; western part)
Northern central part (between Salzgitter-Gebhardshagen and Salzgitter-Bad):
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Southern central part (between Salzgitter-Bad and Liebenburg):
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Southern part (between Liebenburg and Goslar-Immenrode):
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Waters
Flowing waters
The rivers in and on the Salzgitter ridge include:
- Fuhse - passes the northern central part and the northwest part in the east
- Hengstebach - arises west of the northern central part in the municipality of Elbe; eastern tributary of the innermost
- Inward - passes the ridge to the west
- Oker - passes the southern part in the east
- Warne - rises at the transition from the northern to the southern central part near Salzgitter-Bad; western tributary of the Oker
Still waters
The still waters in and on the Salzgitter ridge include:
- Reihersee - in the north of the northern central part; southwest of Salzgitter-Gebhardshagen
- Fortunateich - in the north of the southern part; east of Liebenburg-Heißum
- Morgensternteich - in the south of the southern part; northeast of Goslar-Hahndorf
Localities
The (mostly larger) villages in and on the Salzgitter ridge (sorted roughly in a north-west-south-east direction) include:
- Holle - a few kilometers west of the western end of the north-western part ( Hildesheim district )
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Baddeckestedt - southwest of the north-western part ( district Wolfenbüttel )
- Wartjenstedt - west of the western end of the northwestern part
- Burgdorf - northwest of the northwest part
- Elbe - south of the northwestern part
- Haverlah - southwest of the northern central part
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Salzgitter - in the northern parts of the northwest part and the northern central part ( independent city )
- Osterlinde - north of the northwest part
- Lichtenberg - north of the northwest part
- Gebhardshagen - at the transition from the northwest part to the northern central part
- Bath - at the transition from the northern to the southern central part
- Ringelheim - west of the transition from the northern to the southern central part
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Liebenburg - at the transition from the northern to the southern central part ( district of Goslar )
- Dörnten - west of the southern part
- Groß Döhren - east of the southern part
- Othfresen - south of the southern central part
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Goslar - south of the extreme end of the southern part (district of Goslar)
- Hahndorf - south of the southern part
- Jerstedt - southwest of the southern part
- Immenrode - south of the southern part
- Weddingen - southeast of the southern part
- Vienenburg - a few kilometers east of the southern part
See also
literature
- Federal Institute for Regional Studies and Spatial Research: Geographical regional survey 1: 200000. Natural division of Germany. The natural space units on sheet 86 Hanover. Bad Godesberg 1960.
- Kurt Mohr: Collection of geological guides, Volume 70, Harz foreland - western part . Bornträger Brothers, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3443150292 .
- Fritz J. Krüger (Ed.): Walks into the history of the earth, Volume 19, Braunschweiger Land . Publishing house Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-89937-066-X .
Web links
- Landscape protection area in the district of Goslar (PDF file; 2.56 MB)
- Active nature conservation in the Salzgitter ridge
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hiking and cycling in Salzgitter ( Memento of the original from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , on salzgitter.de
- ↑ Otto Thielemann : Urgeschichte am Nordharz , Goslar, 1977, self-published by the Geschichts- und Heimatschutzverein Goslar e. V.
- ↑ Reihersee , on salzgitter.de
- ↑ a b Hike to the Bear Heads, accessed on August 14, 2017, from komoot.de
