Grenzlerburg
| Grenzlerburg | ||
|---|---|---|
 Wall remains of the inner wall |
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| Creation time : | Medieval | |
| Castle type : | Wallburg, moth | |
| Conservation status: | Burgstall, remains of the wall | |
| Place: | Liebenburg | |
| Geographical location | 52 ° 1 '29.2 " N , 10 ° 23' 28.7" E | |
| Height: | 214 m above sea level NHN | |
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The Grenzlerburg is an Outbound medieval hill fort of the type of a motte (Motte) in the district of Liebenburg in the district of Goslar in Lower Saxony .
location
Grenzlerburg is located in the southern central part of the Salzgitter ridge , about 2.2 km west of Liebenburg Castle and not far from the forest path from Liebenburg to Salzgitter-Bad . An important route from Hildesheim to Halberstadt ran here in the Middle Ages . This path also served to connect the paths on both sides of the Oker from the Harz to Braunschweig . The Grenzlerburg served to protect this and other ways. It should also protect the eastern possessions of the diocese of Hildesheim and the salt springs in today's Salzgitter-Bad, which were about three kilometers northwest of the Grenzlerburg.
description
According to its construction, the castle belongs to the "tower mounds" ( Motte ). The center of the approximately 100 × 100 m facility is formed by the 80 cm thick foundation walls of an approximately 8 × 14 m building. Since these foundations were not powerful enough to support a stone tower, it is believed that this was a residential tower , the upper floors of which were made of wood.
The building is enclosed by a 7-10 m wide moat . This in turn is surrounded by a 7–15 m wide rampart, the crown of which is 2–3 m higher than the bottom of the trench. Large parts of this wall were bricked, of which 27 m on the northeast side and other remains on the southeast side have been preserved. This facility is protected by a further, 3 m deep, pre-moat, the bottom of which is between 5 and 20 m wide. This pre-ditch is closed by a 3 m high and at its crown 2 to 5 m wide wall. On the north side the wall is interrupted by two inlets, through which water could be let into the ditch if necessary. At the southwest corner, the ramparts are connected by an earth bridge.
In the northwest of the complex, the remains of another wall with a ditch in front of it were discovered, which probably belonged to an older hill fort. At the southern corner of this outer work, the trench is widened to a small pond, which served as a water reservoir for flooding the trenches.
Traces of iron ore were found in parts of the ramparts , so it is assumed that an ironworks was operated on the site for a time.
In the north-western area, parts of the ramparts were destroyed after 1937 by ore mining from the Ida-Bismarck mine . Today (2015) the Grenzlerburg is mostly overgrown by the forest, but some remains of the wall have been exposed and parts of the ditches and walls are recognizable.
The system was measured for the first time in 1887 and between 1968 and 1971. An old masonry well was discovered during dredging in 1968. In July 2015, the system was measured again by students from the Institute for Cartography and Geoinformatics at Leibniz University Hannover. The evaluation of the results is to be published at a later date.
history
There are no written records of the history of the Grenzlerburg, and the age can only be estimated. However, it is mostly assumed that the first parts of the complex were built in the 10th century or earlier. The name of the castle is derived from Gremesleve and is named after the von Gremsleben knightly family, feudal people of the Bishop of Hildesheim . The family was first mentioned in a document in 1326, other mentions go back to the end of the 15th century. The family was u. a. in the neighboring village of lattice, which some field names there still refer to today ( Im Gremsleber Kampe and Unterm Gremsleber Weg ). In the 14th century the family was also mentioned as residents of the Grenzlerburg. After the Hildesheim bishop Siegfried II had the neighboring Liebenburg Castle built at the end of the 13th century , the Grenzlerburg lost its importance and fell into disrepair.
Iron ore mining at the Grenzlerburg
The weir system is located on an iron ore deposit that was known before the 17th century. In 1682 the then governor of the prince-bishopric of Hildesheim and later prince-bishop Jobst Edmund von Brabeck founded an ironworks on the Innerste , in which the ores from the nearby Salzgitter ridge were processed. In addition, von Brabeck acquired the right in 1687 to operate a tunnel at the Grenzlerburg to mine the ore. Due to the poor quality of the pig iron produced , the ironworks stopped operating in 1695. Between 1870 and 1873, the major railroad entrepreneur Bethel Henry Strousberg had ore mined in the Helene and Ludwig mine fields at Grenzlerburg for his nearby Othfresen ironworks . From 1939, the Ida-Bismarck pit was sunk about 150 m west of the Ida shaft , and the mine was operated until 1962.
literature
- Hugo Mellenthin: Grid - Twelve Centuries of History . Ed .: Archive of the city of Salzgitter and the village community grid. 1996, Die Grenzlerburg, p. 18-21 .
- Franz Zobel : The district of Goslar . Ed .: District Committee of the District of Goslar. Kunst- und Verlagsbüro Kiel, 1932, Die Grenzlerburg, p. 35-36 .
- Mining in Salzgitter - The history of mining and the life of miners from the beginning to the present . In: Office for History, Culture and Homeland Preservation of the City of Salzgitter, Editing: Heinrich Korthöber, Jörg Leuschner, Reinhard Försterling and Sigrid Lux (eds.): Contributions to city history . tape 13 . Appelhans, Salzgitter 1997, ISBN 3-930292-05-X , The Ida mine near Othfresen 1937–1962, pp. 313-318 .
- Mining in Salzgitter - The history of mining and the life of miners from the beginning to the present . In: Office for History, Culture and Homeland Preservation of the City of Salzgitter, Editing: Heinrich Korthöber, Jörg Leuschner, Reinhard Försterling and Sigrid Lux (eds.): Contributions to city history . tape 13 . Appelhans, Salzgitter 1997, ISBN 3-930292-05-X , Mining in the early modern period in the Salzgitter area, p. 18 .
- Horst-Günther Lange: The Salzgitter and Othfresen ironworks - sources for the first two large-scale iron ore smelting operations in the 19th century . In: Geschichtsverein Salzgitter eV (Ed.): Salzgitter Yearbook 1990 . tape 12 , 1990, ISSN 0723-757X , pp. 109-149 .
- The art monuments of the province of Hanover . Self-published by the Hanover Provincial Administration, 1937, p. 90-91 .
- Margret Zimmermann, Hans Kensche: Castles and palaces in Hildesheimer Land . Hildesheim, 2001, pp. 96-973
Web links
- Leibniz Universität Hannover - Geodesy students measure Grenzlerburg ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- The Grenzlerburg near Liebenburg at burgen.ausflugsziel-harz.de