Haverlahwiese pit
| Haverlahwiese pit | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
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| Mining technology | Broken block construction, partial bottom pillar fracture construction | ||
| Funding / year | up to 3 million t | ||
| Funding / total | 81 million tons of iron ore | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | Stahlwerke Peine + Salzgitter AG | ||
| Employees | to 2463 | ||
| Start of operation | September 1937 | ||
| End of operation | June 30, 1982 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Brown iron stone | ||
| Greatest depth | 793 m | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 52 ° 6 '26.6 " N , 10 ° 19' 24.5" E | ||
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| Location | Gebhardshagen | ||
| local community | Salzgitter | ||
| Independent city ( NUTS3 ) | Salzgitter | ||
| country | State of Lower Saxony | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Peine-Salzgitter area | ||
The pit Haverlahwiese (or iron ore mine Haverlahwiese ) was an iron ore promoting mine in Salzgitter area . It was on the western flank of the Salzgitter ridge between the villages of ( Salzgitter ) Lichtenberg in the north, Steinlah in the south, Gebhardshagen in the east and Gustedt in the west. The mine was once the largest iron ore mine in Germany and one of the strongest in Europe. The pit Haverlahwiese presented on 30 June 1982 as the last coal mine in the area of Salzgitter / Peine the promotion one.
geology
The Haverlahwiese iron ore deposit extends in north-west-north - south-east-south strike direction over a length of around 6 km. The thickness is between 2 and 100 m in the Great Kolk and the camp extends in places to a depth of 1100 m. In the middle part it bites out over 3.5 km of striking length on the surface and from there falls steeply to overturned into the depth, where it is gradually stored more and more flat. The deposit has been disturbed and rejected several times. The brown iron ore deposit consists of ooids and pieces of debris from the Lower Cretaceous and was formed from marine sediments (by deposits at the bottom of a shallow, prehistoric sea). By tectonic processes in the Earth's crust below were salt deposits pushed up and the bearings have it erected steep. In the later ore the average iron content was about 34%.
history
Precursor mining
Already in the first half of the 19th century, in the area of the later Haverlahwiese mine, there was a modest amount of mining for iron ore in tunnels and open-cast mining by smaller trades or self-employed workers . In the second half of the 19th century, the industry first became interested in the deposit and fields, e.g. B. awarded to AG Eisenwerk Salzgitter or Altenau- Lerbacher Eisenhütte . These were finally acquired by Ilseder Hütte in 1890 . However, there was no significant expansion of mining until the beginning of the National Socialists' four-year plan in 1934. Only then did the smelters on the Rhine and Ruhr , represented by the Vereinigte Stahlwerke AG (VESTAG), also show interest in the ore deposit. A Bergmannstrost opencast mine was put into operation through the Ilseder Hütte , which was to be driven under by a tunnel. It was connected to the railway network with a narrow-gauge railway. At the same time, in 1936, VESTAG began sinking the Bartelszeche shaft in the south of the deposit. On October 1, 1937, all mine fields were taken over by the Reichswerke Hermann Göring and merged into a single field Haverlahwiese. The architect of the system was Pius Pahl , who works at the Rimpl construction office .
The Haverlahwiese opencast mine 1937–1967
Already in September 1937, before the official takeover of the mine fields, the Reichswerke had the excavation companies start clearing the layers of earth above the ore deposit in the area of the planned Haverlahwiese open-cast mine.
After the ore deposit in the outcrop area was uncovered and the open pit mine was built , two Bucyrus Monighan Dragline excavators were ordered in the USA in 1938 and were delivered in 1939. These dragline excavators could be used both for further excavation of overburden and for direct mining of the harder ore deposit. Such bulk Prospector (German designation of 1940) had a total weight of 825 t, a bucket m³ content of 7.5 and a boom length of 64 m, whereby m has a range of 57, and a grave depth was achieved of 50 m. The devices were still operational at −20 ° C; their peak delivery rate was 280 m³ / h. With their walking gear, the draglines were able to negotiate gradients of up to 10%. In order to overcome greater differences in height, the 2 devices, standing on different stops, conveyed together. The upper excavator serves as a spreader for the lower excavator.
The narrow-gauge railway was replaced as early as 1938 by a standard-gauge line up to the Calbecht wet processing area , which was suitable for 80-tonne railway wagons. In the open pit, the entire ore deposit should be mined down to an absolute depth of 100 m. This was favored by a low overburden / ore ratio. 16,000 tons of ore were extracted as early as 1938, although the excavation work continued until 1940. From then until 1943, more than 1 million tons of ore were mined each year. In 1944 it was still around 860,000 t and in 1945 production finally collapsed as a result of the Allied invasion . During the war, around 400 men worked in the opencast mine. In November 1945 operations could be resumed. Since the ore demand was low and there was a shortage of manpower and material, an average of 300,000 t / a could be mined by about 300 people up to and including 1949. The production figures of the first years of the war were not reached again later, because the opencast mine was only operated to meet increased demand and in the event of mining failures. The post-war high was 824,000 t in 1955. To ensure that the underground mining that followed in the direction of strike did not come to a standstill, the open-cast mine was cleared out by June 1964 and the ores were initially stocked up. In the fall of 1967, the ore heaps were drained and the mine was finally closed. The 30 year old dragline excavators, popularly known as dinosaurs , have been scrapped. The open-cast mine hole, which in the meantime reached almost to the gates of the Altenhagen mine, was filled with wash mountains (processing residues) in the following years . Up until 2007, iron ore from the Konrad mine was deposited here, which arose there during the exploration work for an operation as a repository .
Civil engineering Haverlahwiese 1938–1982
Development and start of funding 1938–1945
Little research has been done into the treatment of people who worked in the mine between 1938 and 1945. It is known that the manager of the Haverlahwiese mine rigorously disciplined workers. In July 1939, a 39-year-old miner was reported to the Gestapo for allegedly absent from work for three days in a row without being sick. However, the mine management abandoned this rigorous practice again in October 1939 and instructed the mine management and shaft management companies to report any loitering to the district management of the German Labor Front and the district management of the NSDAP . However, if these educational measures are unsuccessful, the Gestapo should be involved. Thereafter, in 1940 there were further cases of reports from workers from the pits with the involvement of the Gestapo. In this situation with the propaganda stoked against workers, the notorious labor camp 21 was set up shortly afterwards .
planning
The preparatory work for the later civil engineering began in 1937 with extensive exploratory bores, selection of the shaft starting points , and the planning for the mine building and the daytime facilities. The mine was to have two independent large shaft systems as main production shafts and two weather shafts . The Bartelszeche shaft , which had already been started by VESTAG, was taken over and integrated into the mine.
Preliminary work
Even before the sinking of the actual pits of the mine, work on two auxiliary shafts (were auxiliary shaft Haverlahwiese I March 1938 and auxiliary shaft Haverlahwiese II May 1938) started. In 1939 another auxiliary shaft (Haverlahwiese III) was sunk. These shafts made it possible to align the main levels and the construction of the mining equipment while the main shafts were being sunk , without this work being hindered. That is why the first underground mining ore was lifted in record time in June 1938 using the frame conveyor built into auxiliary shaft I with the temporary wooden conveyor frame .
Haverlahwiese I
On May 8, 1938, work began on the main production shaft Haverlahwiese I on the road from Gebhardshagen to Steinlah in the lying area of the ore deposit and in the immediate vicinity of auxiliary shaft I. The work lasted until July 20, 1940 and ended at a depth of 580 m below the hanging lawn bench (level of the grown soil). Repeated difficulties caused by strong water inflows of up to 1000 l / min could be overcome by damming. The round shaft was given the standard dimensions for large shafts in the Salzgitter district with a diameter of 6750 mm. By September 1941, the most important daytime facilities and the 41 m high headframe of Gutehoffnungshütte Sterkrade up to the upper pulley axis had been completed. In November 1941, the shaft finally took over the central production of the mine. There was one rack and one container conveyor (skip) each with a daily capacity of 10,000 t.
Haverlahwiese II
The Haverlahwiese II shaft, also intended as the main production shaft , was started on July 1, 1938, 1.5 km north of the Haverlahwiese I shaft. The sinking work on the shaft, which is also 6.75 m wide, turned out to be extremely difficult. There were mountain movements, as a result of which the work had to be stopped in March 1940 at a depth of 509 m. Shortly thereafter, the manhole broke and the manhole had to be filled to a depth of 257 m in order not to lose the entire shaft tube. The daytime facilities were built according to the same project as Shaft I, including an identical headframe.
Gustedt shaft
The ventilation shaft shaft Gustedt was in April 1938 with some safety margin in the south of the camp ( 52 ° 5 '59.9 " N , 10 ° 18' 26.3" O ,) in Erztiefsten where the same village started and until June 1940 brought down a depth of 793 m. There were no major problems with the sinking itself, only the shaft site had to be saddled 6 m high, as it was in a swamp area. In addition, steam boilers and hoisting machines were required for the sinking because there was insufficient energy supply. Although the shaft was also 6750 mm in diameter, as it was reserved to expand it into the main shaft at a later date, only a few buildings were built on the shaft plot. The one- piece access facility was in a shared building with the electric shaft reel . There were also a few outbuildings. There was never any further expansion. The mine’s central drainage system was built underground with a swamp section and a pump chamber .
Today the area is used by SV Gustedt as a sports field.
Altenhagen shaft
The Altenhagen shaft was sunk in the period from September 1938 to August 1939 without major difficulties as a weather and cableway shaft 5 m further up to 333 m. It was located in the northernmost part of the ore deposit, south of the Altenhagen settlement ( 52 ° 6 ′ 46.3 ″ N , 10 ° 17 ′ 36.4 ″ E ). Thus there, the miners were able to move into the northern parts of the mine, emerged a washing chew and other social housing.
Bartelszeche shaft
The Bartelszeche shaft was taken over in 1937 with a depth of 63 m and with interruptions it was further sunk to 137 m and its diameter was enlarged (July 1940). VESTAG had already built smaller daytime facilities in barracks construction, which were retained by the Reichswerke as well as the wooden devil's scaffolding.
Commissioning and end of the war
The horizontal alignment in the upper part of the mine was largely completed in 1940 and the deepest excavation level (4th level or -375-meter level , based on NN ) penetrated to Gustedt in March 1943 . Production rose almost steadily from an initial 5,600 tons in 1938 to 1,412,000 tons in 1944 with a workforce of over 1,400. In 1940 there were over 2,000 men in civil engineering, but this number fell due to the drafts and was never reached again. The ores were transported to the Ilseder Hütte until the Calbecht ore processing started operating in 1942. After normal operation was hardly possible in the last months of the war, operations were stopped in April 1945 and the dewatering was given up, so that the pit drowned on the deeper levels.
Post-war and heyday 1945–1961
In late autumn 1945 the Allied occupying powers allowed the mine to be reopened and the flooded structures were swamped . A little later the mining operations started up again on the higher levels. The general shortage of spare parts, energy and manpower caused difficulties in the first post-war years. The mined ores were initially delivered to the Ruhr area , as the future of the Salzgitter-Hütte was still uncertain. In 1951, production started again and for the first time more than 1,000 employees were working on the mine again, with whom the production figures from before the collapse were achieved. Block quarrying has been used as a mining method since 1948 (extraction of an ore body from the mountain range, which is pressed to breakage by the layers above it when it is conveyed away ). The Bartelszeche mine was shut down in 1950, because the southern part of the deposit had already been mined to its final depth. In 1955 the clearing of Haverlahwiese II began. The diameter had to be reduced to 5 m, which meant that the 480 m deep shaft when it was completed at the end of 1957 could only be operated with one extraction. Around the same time, as part of the completion of the daytime facilities on Haverlahwiese I , an ore bunker with loading was built. From the 1950s onwards, raw ore production rose sharply; the highest production ever was achieved in 1961 with 3,050,000 t / a. This number also represented a turning point.
Rationalization, modernization and decline 1962–1983
The early 1960s marked the beginning of a longer crisis for the entire Salzgitter mining industry, which ultimately meant the end of most of the mines. One of the reasons for this was a decline in demand for steel and iron. On the other hand, cheaper foreign ores with significantly higher iron contents entered the German market. In addition, in iron metallurgy, high levels of silicic acid , such as those found in the salt lattice ores, are undesirable. The Haverlahwiese mine was most likely to hold its own in the crisis thanks to its high extraction rates and thus lower production costs. At the end of the decade, only Haverlahwiese and the Konrad iron ore mine of the six large mines in the Salzgitter area had survived. Nevertheless, the raw ore production and the workforce decreased from year to year. Attempts were made to counter the sales problems by making greater use of the most modern technology, and in doing so, high shift work per man was achieved underground. At the beginning of the 1970s, this included the introduction of central conveyor belt systems for conveying from the lower to the higher levels and the acquisition of numerous diesel-powered trackless vehicles for drilling , loading, conveying and team experience. Despite all efforts, it became apparent that the Haverlahwiese mine could not be operated economically either. In 1976 the operator, Salzgitter Erzbergbau GmbH , was dissolved and the Konrad mine was closed. Thanks to a research project with the support of the federal government, Haverlahwiese was able to continue operating on a significantly reduced scale as the management company of the steel group Peine + Salzgitter AG (today Salzgitter AG ). Only higher quality deposit parts with 36% Fe were mined and the processing in Calbecht was greatly simplified. The annual output sank below 1,000,000 t to around 700,000 t. The number of employees decreased to around 240 miners. In the 1980s the operating deficits were unsustainable and so production was stopped on June 30, 1982. A team of around 40 miners carried out dismantling and clean-up work. On June 30, 1983, the last cableway up the Haverlahwiese I shaft took place . The mine building filled with water after the pumps were switched off ; the four day shafts were filled and the Haverlahwiese II , Gustedt and Altenhagen shafts were completely demolished. In 1988 the headframe of Haverlahwiese I fell as the last landmark , although there had previously been considerations to preserve it as an industrial monument .
In total, the mine produced 81 million tons of raw ore between 1938 and 1982; over half of the total production of all Salzgitter mines. The still pending ore reserves of higher grades would have been sufficient for another 30 years with an annual production of approx. 1 million tons.
As with all pits in the Salzgitter area, the daytime facilities were designed to be large, which corresponded to the architectural understanding of National Socialism.
Received plants
The monumental administration and social building was preserved on the site of the former mine I. Together with the impressive pay hall inside, it is a listed building. There are also some outbuildings that used to be workshops and are now leased to companies.
The open-cast mine area can still be seen in the landscape. It has been a protected landscape area since 1999 and was declared a nature reserve on June 30, 2016. Up until 2007, ore and tailings from the exploration operations for the future Konrad mine were deposited here. The area was recultivated and is now used as a recreational area.
literature
- Iron ore mining . In: Rainer Slotta (ed.): Technical monuments in the Federal Republic of Germany . tape 5 , part 1. Deutsches Bergbaumuseum, Bochum 1986, ISBN 3-921533-37-6 , p. 1151 .
- Heinrich Korthöber et al .: Mining in Salzgitter . the history of mining and the life of miners from the beginning to the present. In: Archives of the City of Salzgitter (Ed.): Contributions to the city's history . 1st edition. tape 13 . Appelhans, Salzgitter 1997, ISBN 3-930292-05-X , p. 420 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Klaus George, Friedhart Knolle : Geological development of the area. Landmark 20. In: harzregion.de. Regional Association Harz e. V., accessed on April 23, 2018 .
- ↑ Geological development of the area. Landmark 20. In: harzregion.de. Regional Association Harz e. V., accessed on April 23, 2018 .
- ^ Nerdinger, Winfried: Bauhaus architects in the "Third Reich" . In: Winfried Nerdinger in collaboration. with the Bauhaus Archive, Berlin (ed.): Bauhaus Modernism in National Socialism . Prestel, Munich 1993, ISBN 3-7913-1269-3 , pp. 127 .
- ↑ Gerd Wysocki: Work for the War . Pp. 395-396. Steinweg Publishing House. Braunschweig 1992. ISBN 3-925151-51-6
- ^ City of Salzgitter: Ordinance on the Haverlahwiese nature reserve of June 17, 2016 , PDF file, 2.4 MB
- ↑ Annual report of the Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) for 2008 , PDF file, 2.6 MB
