Swamp stretch

Drainage in early civil engineering.
The swamp stretch can be seen below

The swamp section , also called the water section or simply swamp , is a mine construction that serves as a collecting space for the mine water . At the same time, dirt particles that are in the water should be able to settle here. The swamp also acts as a reservoir for the dewatering machines .

Basics

Depending on the mountain range, different amounts of mine water accumulate in a mine. This pit water has to be pumped out of the mine on a regular basis . In addition, the pit water is mostly contaminated by small rocks and dirt particles and is therefore cloudy. If the dewatering is neglected or if there is a sudden ingress of water, this can lead to the pits sinking . So that the main routes do not drown due to the mine water, swamp stretches are created for the mine. At the same time, swamp sections serve as a buffer so that the dewatering machines do not have to be kept in constant operation.

Dimensioning and tasks

The swamp sections are created below the deepest floor section. Their size or their capacity depends on the importance of dewatering for the respective mine and how strong the water inflow is in the respective mine. In mines with medium water inflows and only one dewatering, the swamp section is dimensioned in such a way that it offers sufficient volume for the water volume of the mine within 24 to 48 hours. This is necessary in the event of a dewatering machine failure or repairs to keep operations going. In the case of mines with large water inflows, several dewatering machines are also kept in reserve. Where it is operationally necessary, at least two, sometimes several swamp sections are used. In order to be able to separate the routes from each other, they are provided with doors. Since the sludge deposited on the bottom has to be removed at certain intervals, either two separate swamp sections or one swamp section separated by a partition are required for this reason. Pre-sump sections are often connected upstream of the swamp sections, which then serve as a sewage treatment plant and in which the solid components in the pit water can settle. The clarified water flows from here via an overflow to the swamp section.

Historical examples

In the Harz mining area there were waterways ( deep waterways ) into which the pit water from several mines or shafts was directed. At Clausthal , the pit water was collected in the deepest waterway and pumped out with the water column machines located at the Marienschacht. At the Scharleyer Galmeigruben there were swamp stretches that absorbed the pit water from the entire mining area. From the swamp stretches, the water was fed to a communal system with very powerful water lifting machines.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Gustav Köhler: Textbook of mining science. 2nd edition, published by Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig 1887
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Fritz Heise, Fritz Herbst: Textbook of mining science with special consideration of hard coal mining. First volume, fifth increased and improved edition, published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1932, pp. 695–699.
^ ^A ^b ^c Heinrich Veith: German mountain dictionary with evidence. Published by Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn, Breslau 1871
↑ ^a ^b ^c Association for mining interests in the Oberbergamtsiertel Dortmund (ed.): The development of the Lower Rhine-Westphalian hard coal mining in the second half of the 19th century. Volume IV, extraction work - water management, Springer Verlag Berlin, Berlin 1902, pp. 127–132.
^ ^A ^b B. W. Boki, Gregor Panschin: Bergbaukunde. Kulturfond der DDR (Ed.), Verlag Technik Berlin, Berlin 1952, pp. 576–578.
^ ^A ^b Albert Serlo : Guide to mining science. First volume, published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1884
↑ Carl Hellmut Fritzsche: Textbook of mining science with special consideration of hard coal mining. Second volume, 10th edition, Springer Verlag, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1962, pp. 644–649.

Remarks

↑ For example, the swamp sections of the Gneisenau colliery had a capacity of 4,000 cubic meters. (Source: Fritz Heise, Fritz Herbst: Textbook of Mining Studies with a special focus on hard coal mining. )
↑ In ore mines it is often the case that, for reasons of cost, no large swamp stretches are excavated and one accepts short-term drowning of the other stretches, as it does little harm to these stretches if they drown for a short time. It is only important that the dewatering machine is set up protected from the pit water. (Source: Carl Hellmut Fritzsche: Textbook of Mining Studies with Special Consideration of Hard Coal Mining. )

[Quelle_1-1] Gustav Köhler: Textbook of mining science. 2nd edition, published by Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig 1887

[Quelle_4-2] Fritz Heise, Fritz Herbst: Textbook of mining science with special consideration of hard coal mining. First volume, fifth increased and improved edition, published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1932, pp. 695–699.

[Quelle_2-3] A ^b ^c Heinrich Veith: German mountain dictionary with evidence. Published by Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn, Breslau 1871

[Quelle_5-4] Association for mining interests in the Oberbergamtsiertel Dortmund (ed.): The development of the Lower Rhine-Westphalian hard coal mining in the second half of the 19th century. Volume IV, extraction work - water management, Springer Verlag Berlin, Berlin 1902, pp. 127–132.

[Quelle_7-5] A ^b B. W. Boki, Gregor Panschin: Bergbaukunde. Kulturfond der DDR (Ed.), Verlag Technik Berlin, Berlin 1952, pp. 576–578.

[Quelle_3-6] A ^b Albert Serlo : Guide to mining science. First volume, published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1884

[Quelle_6-9] Carl Hellmut Fritzsche: Textbook of mining science with special consideration of hard coal mining. Second volume, 10th edition, Springer Verlag, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1962, pp. 644–649.

[Anm._Herbst.-7] For example, the swamp sections of the Gneisenau colliery had a capacity of 4,000 cubic meters. (Source: Fritz Heise, Fritz Herbst: Textbook of Mining Studies with a special focus on hard coal mining. )

[Anm._Fritzsch.-8] In ore mines it is often the case that, for reasons of cost, no large swamp stretches are excavated and one accepts short-term drowning of the other stretches, as it does little harm to these stretches if they drown for a short time. It is only important that the dewatering machine is set up protected from the pit water. (Source: Carl Hellmut Fritzsche: Textbook of Mining Studies with Special Consideration of Hard Coal Mining. )