Fachr ad-Dīn ar-Rāzī
Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muhammad ibn ʿUmar Fachr ad-Dīn ar-Rāzī ( Arabic أبو عبد الله محمد بن عمر بن الحسین فخر الدین الطبرستانی الرازی, DMG Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. ʿUmar b. al-Ḥusain Faḫr ad-Dīn ar-Rāzī ; * 1149 in Rey , Iran ; † 1209 in Herat , now Afghanistan ) was an eminent Persian Sunni theologian and philosopher who also wrote about medicine, physics, astronomy, literature, history and law.
biography
Ar-Razi was born in Rey near today's Tehran and studied Islamic theology ( Ilm al-Kalam ), law ( Fiqh ) and other sciences with his father Diya ad-Din, also known as Chatib ar-Rayy , then with Madschd ad- Din al-Jili and Kamal Samnani. He came from the school of law of the Shafiʿites and the Asharite theology. Some biographers claim that he is descended from the caliph Abu Bakr .
He traveled to Khoresmia , Khorasan and Transoxania and is said to have had many students around him in every city. At least that's what his travelogue Munazarat Fachr ad-Din ar-Razi fi bilad ma wara an-nahr tells . He was at odds with other theological groups such as the Mutazilites , Hanbalites (who were critical of the rational Islamic theology, the Kalam), Batinites and the Qarmats . In old age he settled in Herat, where a mosque was built for him and he died in 1209.
plant
His Tafsir al-kabir (ar-Razi) (large commentary) on the Koran , also called Mafatih al-ghayb ("The keys to the hidden"), is important. His most philosophically significant works are the Sharh al-ischarat , a commentary on Avicenna's Kitab al-ischarat wa-t-tanbihat ("Book of Hints and Admonitions"), which was later criticized by Nasir ad-Din at-Tusi, the Mabahith al -maschriqiya and al-Mahsul .
In his will, ar-Razi explains that, in his opinion, rational theology and philosophy are of no use to the Koran, but only lead to fruitless objections and doubts.
literature
- Georges Anawati , Fakhr al-Din al-Razi , in: Encyclopaedia of Islam , 2nd A., Vol. 2, 751-5.
Web links
- John Cooper: Fakhr al-Din al-Razi , articles in the Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Engl.)
- Biography (English).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ibn Challikan . Wafayat Al-a'yan Wa Anba 'Abna' Al-zaman . Translated by William MacGuckin Slane. (1961) Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 224.
- ^ Richard Maxwell Eaton, The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760 , University of California Press, 1996, 29
- ↑ Shaikh M. Ghazanfar, Medieval Islamic Economic Thought: Filling the Great Gap in European Economics , Routledge, 2003 ( online in the Google book search)
- ↑ Ibn Challikan. Wafayat Al-a'yan Wa Anba 'Abna' Al-zaman . Translated by William MacGuckin Slane. (1961) Pakistan Historical Society, 224 (translation added).
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Rāzī, Fachr ad-Dīn ar- |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muhammad ibn ʿUmar Fachr ad-Dīn ar-Rāzī; Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Umar ibn al-Husayn at-Taymi al-Bakri at-Tabaristani Fachr ad-Din ar-Razi |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Persian Sunni theologian and philosopher |
DATE OF BIRTH | 1149 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Rey , Iran |
DATE OF DEATH | 1209 |
Place of death | Herat , today Afghanistan |