1202
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Calendar overview 1202
1202 | |
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The fourth crusade begins. The siege of Zara ends after two weeks with the surrender of the city . | |
1202 in other calendars | |
Armenian calendar | 650/651 (turn of the year July) |
Ethiopian calendar | 1194/95 |
Buddhist calendar | 1745/46 (southern Buddhism); 1744/45 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana ) |
Chinese calendar | 64th (65th) cycle
Year of the Water Dog壬戌 ( at the beginning of the year metal rooster 辛酉) |
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam) | 564/565 (turn of the year April) |
Iranian calendar | 580/581 |
Islamic calendar | 598/599 (turn of the year 19/20 September) |
Jewish calendar | 4962/63 (September 18-19) |
Coptic calendar | 918/919 |
Malayalam calendar | 377/378 |
Seleucid era | Babylon: 1512/13 (turn of the year April)
Syria: 1513/14 (turn of the year October) |
Spanish era | 1240 |
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar) | 1258/59 (turn of the year April) |
Events
Politics and world events
Fourth crusade
- August 19 : Boniface I of Montferrat arrives in Venice and officially takes over the leadership of the Fourth Crusade . Since fewer crusaders than expected have been recruited, they are unable to pay for the 200 ships rented by the Republic of Venice . The 85-year-old Doge Enrico Dandolo then took the cross himself and soon thousands of Venetians joined him.
- Early October: The crusade leaves Venice. The direct crossing to Egypt was originally planned, but Dandolo convinced the troops to land in the Dalmatian port city of Zara, which was formerly controlled by Venice . Many crusaders refuse to help. But most of them are convinced by Dandolo's promise that their debts accumulated while waiting in Venice would be paid off. Pope Innocent III forbids the attack on the city and excommunicated the entire crusader army for it.
- November 23 : After two weeks of siege , Zara is captured and devastated. Because of the advanced season, the army wintered in the city.
- December: Alexios Angelos , son of the overthrown Byzantine emperor Isaac II , promises the crusaders rich rewards for supporting his claims to power against Alexios III. The Fourth Crusade turns against Byzantium . A part of the army under the leadership of Simon de Montfort votes against the diversion.
Holy Roman Empire
- Albert III takes over the rule in the Fürsteten Grafschaft Tirol at the age of majority .
- German controversy for the throne : The decretals Venerable is a papal decree of Innocent III. , in which the Pope claims the right to intervene in the election of a king and also the right to examine the suitability of the candidates.
- The Martinstor in Freiburg im Breisgau is completed.
- March 8 : Håkon III. Sverresson from the Birkebeiner faction becomes King of Norway . In the course of the year he succeeded in winning numerous previous supporters of the Bagler Party on his side, including Archbishop Eirik Ivarsson . Counter-king Inge Magnusson retires to the island of Storøya, where he is murdered by his own people. The Bagler Party then dissolves.
- November 12th : Due to the death of his ruling brother Knut VI. Waldemar II becomes the new king in Denmark . After taking office, he conquered Mecklenburg , Pomerania and the Pomeranian Islands . Lübeck and Hamburg recognize its protective sovereignty.
Franco-English War
- Angevin Empire : The House of Lusignan , one of the most powerful aristocratic families in Aquitaine , complains against their feudal lord, the English King John I, because of his marriage to Isabella of Angoulême , who actually was with Hugo IX. von Lusignan was engaged. However, he refuses to deal with the complaints. The Lusignans then turn to the French King Philip II as the supreme feudal lord. Johann also refused his request to appear before a court, whereupon Philipp declared him a rebellious vassal and forfeited all of his French fiefdoms in May. Another Franco-English war begins.
- July: Philip II knights John's nephew Arthur of Brittany and enfeoffs him with all of John's lands with the exception of Normandy , which he declares crown land . Then he marched together with Arthur, Gottfried von Lusignan and his nephew Hugo le Brun in Normandy and besieged the Mirebeau Castle , where Johann's mother Eleanor of Aquitaine stayed .
- With the help of his vassal Guillaume des Roches , Johann then leads his army on a forced march to Mirebeau, where on the morning of July 31st he completely surprises the besiegers. In addition to Johann's nephew Arthur, Gottfried von Lusignan, Hugo le Brun, Savary de Mauléon and over 200 knights are also captured. With the exception of Arthur, who is imprisoned in Falaise under the supervision of Hubert de Burgh , most of them are soon released.
- After Johann had an argument with his confidante Guillaume des Roches about the question of the treatment of the prisoners, the latter changed sides and offered Philip II his services. Johann is increasingly on the defensive.
- Autumn: The Bretons conquer Johann's permanent residence in Angers .
Other events in Europe
- March 13th : After the death of his father Mieszko III. becomes Władysław III. with the help of the Lesser Poland magnates Senior Duke of Poland in Cracow , but soon loses his followers.
- Pope Innocent III in autumn issues the decretals Per Venerabilem , in which he declares that the King of France does not recognize a superior (meaning the Roman-German Emperor ) in secular matters .
Japan
- Minamoto no Yoriie , head of the Minamoto clan, is appointed seii taishogun . At this time, however, the twenty-year-old is already in a deep conflict with his mother Hōjō Masako and the Hōjō clan. His grandfather Hōjō Tokimasa is increasingly taking over power in Japan during the Kamakura period .
City rights and first documentary mentions
- The Portuguese town of Santa Marta de Penaguião receives city rights from Sancho I.
- Börtlingen is first mentioned in a document.
economy
- The supraregional markets of Bolzano are contractually regulated between the bishops of Brixen and Trento.
Culture
- Leonardo Fibonacci publishes the book Liber abaci .
religion
Buddhism
- The Buddhist monk Eisai , founder of the Rinzai school of Zen Buddhism, receives a plot of land in the capital Kyoto from the Japanese Shogun Minamoto no Yoriie in order to build the city's first large Zen temple. The tennō Tsuchimikado , who resides in Kyōto, allows the construction of the Kennin-ji on the condition that, in addition to the exercises of Zen Buddhism, the esoteric rituals of the Shingon school and the meditation technique of the Tendai school are taught in specially built halls. In addition, the temple is incorporated as a branch temple in the temple complex of Mount Hiei north of the city .
Christianity
Church hierarchy
- January: Konrad von Ergersheim is elected Bishop of Bamberg to succeed Timo, who died the previous year . As a partisan of Philip of Swabia, however, papal approval was refused.
Religious orders
- Albert von Buxthoeven , as Bishop of Riga , founds "Brothers of the Knightly Service of Christ" ( Brothers of the Sword ) and in 1207 gives him a third of Livonia . The order was incorporated into the German Order in 1237 .
Monasteries
- The Transylvanian Kerz Monastery is founded as a subsidiary of the Egresch Monastery and thus belonged to the affiliation of the Pontigny Primary Abbey .
- Lilienfeld Abbey is established by Leopold VI. , Duke of Austria and Styria, was founded as a subsidiary of Heiligenkreuz Abbey and thus belongs to the filiation of the Morimond primary abbey .
- The Sagittario Monastery is founded.
- Duke Heinrich I of Silesia founded the Cistercian convent of Trebnitz at the suggestion of his wife Hedwig von Andechs .
Canonizations
- The English founder of the order, Gilbert von Sempringham , was founded by Pope Innocent III. canonized.
Islam
- The famous Sufi Ibn Arabi takes from his native city of Murcia in Moorish Spain from a long journey in the Orient , where he Alexandria , Cairo and finally Mecca visited where it does not take long, all until the news of his arrival in the City spread.
Disasters
- May 20 : Earthquake in the Middle East / Mediterranean Sea (see 1201 )
Born
Exact date of birth unknown
- Enni Ben'en , Buddhist monk from Japan († 1280 )
- Kunigunde von Staufen , Queen of Bohemia († 1248 )
- Margaret II of Flanders , Countess of Flanders and Hainaut († 1278 )
- Arnold Fitz Thedmar , Hanseatic wholesale merchant based in London and author of a chronicle
Born around 1202
- Dietrich I. von Bilstein , German nobleman and builder of Bilstein Castle († before 1245)
Died
Date of death secured
- January 9 : Birger Brosa , Swedish Jarl
- February 12th : Ludan , Scottish pilgrim, saint of the Catholic Church
- March 8 : Sverre Sigurdsson , King of Norway (* around 1151 )
- March 13 : Mieszko III. , Duke of Greater Poland, Senior Duke of Poland (* 1126 )
- May 2nd : Fulko von Neuilly , French crusade preacher
- May 7th : Hamelin de Warenne , English nobleman (* 1129 )
- June 16 : Aymar , Count of Angoulême (* around 1160 )
- August 8 : Simon I , Count of Tecklenburg (* around 1140 )
- August 9 : Jakuren , Japanese poet and Buddhist monk (* 1139 )
- August 10 : Ulrich II , Duke of Carinthia (* around 1176 )
- September 7th : Wilhelm von Blois , Bishop of Chartres, Archbishop of Sens, Archbishop of Reims and Cardinal (* 1135 )
- October 29th : Konrad von Hüneburg , Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg
- December 3 : Konrad I of Querfurt , Bishop of Hildesheim and Bishop of Würzburg (* around 1160 )
Exact date of death unknown
- Alanus ab Insulis , French scholastic, poet and Cistercian (* around 1120 )
- André de Chauvigny , French knight (* around 1150 )
- Burchard IV , Count of Vendôme
- Geoffroy de Donjon , Grand Master of the Order of St. John
- Gottfried III. , Count of Le Perche
- Inge Magnusson , Norwegian King of the Bagler Party (* around 1182 )
- Joachim von Fiore , abbot and founder of the order in Calabria, theologian of history (* around 1135 )
- Knut VI. , King of Denmark (* 1162 / 63 )
- Markward von Annweiler , Reichstruchsess of the Holy Roman Empire and Regent of the Kingdom of Sicily
- Rainald Garnier , Count of Sidon (* around 1133 )
Web links
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