Bagler

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Bagler (Old Norse "bagall") was a church political party in medieval Norway . The name is a word taken from the Celtic , the origin of which is the Latin word báculo or baculus = crook, bishop's staff. He was raised by the opponents. The most important source about the events are the Böglunga sögur, part of the royal sagas. The party stood for a return to clerical dominance in politics. It found its most important expression in the efforts of Archbishop Øystein , at the coronation of King Magnus Erlingsson in Norway in 1163, to allow his kingdom to be understood as a fiefdom of "Olav the Holy" and thus to make him dependent on the church. The church should then stand above the king.

The party was founded in the summer of 1196 in “Halöre marknad” in the then Danish Skåne by Bishop Nikolas Arnason of Oslo in collaboration with the Varangian chief “Reidar Sendemand”, who had returned from Byzantium . Their goal was to drive the fiercely opposed by the vast majority of clergy King Sverre from the usurped throne and replace him with the alleged son of King Magnus Erlingssons Inge Magnusson , a young Dane. This movement was very popular, especially from the powerful families of feudal men from the south and west and all who had been defeated in the previous attempts at insurrection. She became the most dangerous opponent of the Birkebeiner under King Sverre.

In the middle of this conflict, King Sverre died in 1202. Under his successor, Håkon Sverreson (1202–1204), the civil war initially subsided . The anti-king Inge was murdered by his own party members in 1203, and it seemed as if the baglers were in the process of dissolving. But when King Håkon died on New Year's Day 1204, the civil war flared up again, this time under Erling Steinvegg , who also pretended to be a son of King Magnus Erlingsson. But in reality, Bishop Nikolas Arnesson (1150-1225) ruled the Bagler Party. She got the support of the Danish King Waldemar II , who came to Tønsberg with a large fleet . Erling Steinvegg had to make Philipp Simonsson , the bishop's nephew, jarl . The baglers now ruled Viken , and they made military campaigns as far as Nidaros .

Sverre saga

Legend has it that Bagler conquered Sverresborg in 1197 and threw a dead man into the well. This tradition was confirmed by a skeleton find from 1938, which remained in the well of the castle ruins and was only recovered and examined in 2014.

After Erling Steinvegg's death in 1207, Philipp Simonsson became his successor. Between him and the Birkebeiner king Inge Bårdsson (1204-1217) there was a settlement in the summer of 1208 in Kvitsøy . Philip was supposed to marry the daughter of King Sverres Kristina Sverresdatter and receive large parts of Opland and part of Viken with her, but not to bear the title of king. The quarrels between the Baglers and King Inge slowly fell asleep, and when King Inge died shortly after King Philip in 1217, the Baglers paid homage to their successor, Håkon Håkonsson . The Bagler Party was thus without function.

literature

Individual evidence

The article is essentially taken from Salmonsen's konversationsleksikon . Other information is shown separately.

  1. ^ A b Y. Nielsen: Bagler . In: Bernhard Meijer (Ed.): Nordisk familjebok konversationslexikon och realencyklopedi . 2nd Edition. tape 2 : Armatoler – Bergsund . Nordisk familjeboks förlag, Stockholm 1904, Sp. 666 (Swedish, runeberg.org ).
  2. ↑ riksantikvaren.no