Báculo
The Báculo ( Portuguese for "crooked" or "bishop's staff" , French Crosse ; English Crook ) is found as a motif in various Neolithic cultures in Western Europe . Georg and Vera Leisner found him z. B. in the Anta da Estria . The countless báculos on the headstone of the megalithic Table des marchands in Brittany were initially viewed as a sign of dignity or a shepherd's crook , and later also as a representation of war clubs. The permanent repetition of the motif is, however, a stylistic device of religion and can also be found, for example, on Mont Bégo (see dagger ).
Presumably, however, not all objects that are summarized under this term are to be interpreted in the same way. There are stylistic differences between the Iberian slate idols on the one hand and depictions on statue menhirs from the Chassey-Lagozza-Cortaillod culture on the other. The proportions of the representations on the Occitan "Steles Gardoises" by Collorgues and on two of the stones in the Portuguese Cromlech by Almendres do not support an interpretation as a club. Because of its shape and dimensions, Walkowitz considers an interpretation as a phallus for some of the Báculos .
The form is widespread. So there are halfway similar drawn or plastic objects z. B. in Zaerzentmihály and Szegvár -Tűzköves (Csongrád County, Hungary ), in Varna Grab 36 ( Bulgaria ) and "El Estanislado" ( Spain ).
See also
literature
- Dirk Brandherm: Os chamados 'báculos' - para uma interpretação simbólico-funcional. Trabalhos de Antropologia e Etnologia 35 (1), 1995, 89-93.
The circulation des haches carnacéennes en Europe occidentale
- Pierre Pétrequin, Serge Cassen et al .: Jade: Grandes haches alpines du Néolithique européen Ve et IVe millénaires av. J.-C 2012.
- Jürgen E. Walkowitz: The megalithic syndrome. European cult sites of the Stone Age (= contributions to the prehistory and early history of Central Europe. Vol. 36). Beier & Beran, Langenweißbach 2003, ISBN 3-930036-70-3 .