Deutschordensballlei Franconia

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Order Castle in Absberg
Coat of arms of the Landkomtur Karl Heinrich von Hornstein
Coat of arms of a member of the Teutonic Order (Landkomtur?) From the Eyb family , also in the Absberg Castle Church

The Deutschordensballei Franken was a Ballei (cf. Middle Latin ballivus "Overseer"), d. H. an order province of the Teutonic Order . It consisted of 21 comedians , who in turn were subdivided into (senior) offices. The Ballei Franken had its seat in Ellingen , while the head of the Teutonic Order, the German and Grand Masters , had its seat in Bad Mergentheim from 1525 . In 1268 Gerhard von Hirschberg was the first to be mentioned as a Landkomtur (head of an order province) of the Ballei Franken. At that time he carried the title “conmendator fratrum domus teutonice per Bawariam et Franconiam et Sweviam”. The upper offices were headed by Komturen, the offices by bailiffs and the parishes by Schultheissen. In 1789, the Ballei Franken was divided into three main offices, one in Ellingen, one on the Tauber and one on the Neckar.

history

Origins

The Ballei Franconia, later the most important and richest Ballei of the Teutonic Order in the empire, was created as the third from last Ballei of the Teutonic Order: Gerhard von Hirschberg was the first to be provincial commander of Franconia, Swabia and Bavaria in 1268. The position of the Landkomtur von Franken was initially weak, on the one hand because of the frequent interference of the German master in his official powers, on the other hand because of the strong position of some comers, their own daughters founded By the Landkomtur Gottfried von Hohenlohe (1290-1294) at the latest , however, almost all came , which were counted to the Ballei Franken in 1419, subordinated to the Landkomtur. In 1216 King Friedrich II gave the Teutonic Order the Ellingen Hospital, the nucleus of the later land commander Ellingen. Around the middle of the 13th century, the Teutonic Order had asserted this possession against the older claims of the Berchtesgaden Abbey . In 1253 a commander in Ellingen is attested for the first time. Since 1367 the commander was connected to the office of the keeper of the Ballei Franken or the governor of the land commander; with Friedrich von Egloffstein (1371-1376) was for the first time a Landkomtur at the same time Komtur von Ellingen. Ludwig the Bavarian (ruled 1314–1347) made it possible to expand power around Ellingen when he gave the order high jurisdiction there in 1322. After the Teutonic Order had received the right to fortify Ellingen in 1378 , this development intensified: Ellingen developed into the preferred seat of the Landkomture, and finally into their splendidly furnished residence. The Kommende itself became a benefice of the Landkomtur together with the Kommende Nürnberg from the late 16th century.

Due to their economic power, the Franconian commander dominated the branch of the order in the empire and the choice of German masters. The Mergentheim chapter of 1444 constitutionally bound the German master to the corporation of the (advisory committee of the above-mentioned committees) formed from the Landkomtur and the Komturen der Ballei Franken. The German master had thus withdrawn to his real power base.

Administration of the Ballei

The central administration of the Ballei Franken was located in the Landkommende Ellingen and was structurally connected to it. For a smaller early modern territory it was built according to the norms of the time. As the highest administrative and judicial organ of the central administration functioned the Balleikonferenz, in which "the own, the High Order and the Balley, then the commendations and houses of the bourgeoisie subordinate to them, civil and peynliche process, less not those in the Cameral, Contributions, Policey and Lands Verfassungswesen sachen sachen were negotiated "(Conference and Chancellery Regulations of 1749, Landkommende Ellingen 63). In addition to the presiding supreme court administrator, seven other ball councils were represented in it. a. the director of the chancellery and the auditor of the cash register. As the authorities responsible for the financial administration, the Balleikasse, the Contribution Office and the Trisoleiamt were responsible for collecting direct and indirect taxes as well as for domain administration. A position advising the Land Komtur was taken by the other Franconian Komtor as so-called councilors, who also gave their verdict when vacancies were filled.

Peasants' War

In the Peasants' War of 1525, the rebels overran the Tauber and Neckar orders. The residence of the German master, Horneck , and his archive went up in flames. The Landkommende Ellingen could be held thanks to the crew of the Ansbach patron, Margrave Kasimir ; the religious houses in the imperial cities mostly had to accept their citizenship. Finally the Swabian Federation suppressed the peasant uprising

Reformation and Margrave War

At the same time, the Reformation not only led to the end of the common life according to the old rule of the order, the rule of Ellingen, which remained in the old faith, also received Protestant neighbors with the margraviate of Ansbach and the imperial cities of Weissenburg and Nuremberg . Ansbach in Brandenburg became the main opponent of the Teutonic Order, and above all the Coming Ellingen. In 1552 the Brandenburg Margrave Albrecht Alcibiades destroyed the Commandery and the city of Ellingen in a private campaign. The second margrave war with the attack of the margrave on the Meistertum and the Deutschordensballei Franconia led to the devastation of the Teutonic Order area by the war campaigns especially against the Teutonic order houses Ellingen and Virnsberg, the cities [Wolframs-] Eschenbach and Mergentheim and Neuhaus Castle . The withdrawal only took place against a pillage of 35,000 Reichstalers.

Thirty Years' War

The order property in Mergentheim, Ellingen and in the imperial cities was temporarily lost during the Thirty Years War (1632–1634) after the Swedish occupation through donations. In 1632 Gustav Adolf's troops burned down 40 houses in the town of Ellingen. The King of Sweden then gave the Teutonic Order to the Margrave of Brandenburg . The Swedish occupation and the Protestant imperial city Weissenburg destroyed Ellingen again "almost completely" in 1633. [10] In 1635, the Teutonic Order was restituted after the Peace of Prague (1635) . There were no more residents to be found in the city, in the rule only 150 of the original 700 subjects were counted. In contrast, Emperor Ferdinand II (r. 1619–1637) awarded the Teutonic Order in 1635/37 with the County of Hohenlohe-Weikersheim . In the Peace of Westphalia , the order had to repay this, and in 1651 received the Absberg near Ellingen imperial fief as compensation . The peace treaty strengthened the position of the Teutonic Order in the imperial cities.

Acquisitions in the 18th century

The offices of Absberg (acquired in 1647 after the noble family of the same name became extinct by imperial fiefdoms), Ederheim, Hürnheim-Niederhaus, Lierheim, Mühlauhof, Reimlingen with the were from Ellingen, which was expanded under the commandant Karl Heinrich von Hornstein (1668–1745) to a representative residence Kastenamt Nördlingen (acquired in 1283 by the Counts of Oettingen), Röttenbach and Stopfenheim. In addition to the Upper Bailiff's Office Absberg, which was only acquired in 1647, the high jurisdiction could only be asserted in the closed marks Ellingen and Stopfenheim.

Incorporation in mastery

The Ballei Franken was on the one hand territorially closely interwoven with the championship , on the other hand it had to contribute the main burden to the budget of the German champions. So it made sense to combine mastery and ballot, especially since both corporations were treated as a unit by the Reich and the Franconian Circle. With the incorporation and consolidation contract of January 5, 1789 between the high and German master Maximilian Franz of Austria and the governor Franz Konrad Philipp Zobel von Giebelstadt, the Ballei Franken was incorporated into the championship. The administrative tasks, which until then had been carried out by the Landkomtur and the Balleiadministration in Ellingen, went to the government, Hofkammer and Geistl. Council College in Mergentheim. In Ellingen, the Oberamt Ellingen remained as the intermediate authority, the district of which, however, had been considerably reduced compared to the Ballei Franken.

The order held the highest jurisdiction in its areas, the ban on blood initially lay with the individual offices, but was later only transferred to the Grand Master. As in accordance with the rules of the order in the rest of the order area, the order had control over the entire ecclesiastical and secular life within the Ballei Franken, the foundation of numerous schools and hospitals as well as the construction of many churches in the administrative area go back to him.

End of the Franconian Ballei

In 1796 Hardenberg occupied most of the Oberamt Ellingen militarily because of the claim to state sovereignty that was ultimately not clarified with Brandenburg-Ansbach . This touched the court and gradient rights but not of the Teutonic Order.

While the areas of the Teutonic Order were spared secularization in the course of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803, they were partly mediated in the context of the Rhine Confederation Act in 1806 and added to the House of Austria . In November 1805, however, Bavaria had already occupied the offices of Würzburg, Münnerstadt and Postbauer as well as the offices of Nuremberg, Ellingen, Gelchsheim and Aub and Nördlingen-Reimlingen in addition to the Kommende Ulm; Blumenthal, Gangkofen and Regensburg followed and came under Bavarian sovereignty. The Teutonic Order was repealed in 1809 in the states of the Rhine Confederation, only in the Austrian Empire it continued. Mergentheim and most of the Neckar and Tauberoberamt were occupied by the Kingdom of Württemberg , and most of the former Ballei Franken by the Kingdom of Bavaria.

Coming

With the mediatization of the order areas from 1802 the administrative structures of the order were partly taken over into the now state administrations.

See also

Web links

  • German Order in Franconia
  • History of the Vogteiamt Schneidheim State Archive Ludwigsburg Stock B 333
  • The coming and offices of the Teutonic Order 1788. Ballei Franken with seat in Ellingen and the Balleien des Meistertums . (from: Hanns Hubert Hofmann, Der Staat des Deutschmeister ), overview map

literature

in order of appearance

  • Hanns Hubert Hofmann : The state of the German master. Studies on a history of the Teutonic Order in the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (= studies on the Bavarian constitutional and social history). Commission for Bavarian State History, Munich 1964.
  • Christian Tenner: The knightly order hospitals in southern Germany (Ballei Franken). A contribution to the earliest healthcare. Mathematical and scientific dissertation, LMU Munich 1969.
  • Adalbert Ehrenfried : Pens and medals in Neckarsulm . Ehrenfried, Zell a. H. 1974.
  • Klaus Militzer: The emergence of the Deutschordensballeien in the German Empire (= sources and studies on the history of the Teutonic Order, Volume 16). Elwert, Marburg, 2nd, revised and expanded edition. 1981, ISBN 3-7708-0706-5 .
  • Gerhard Pfeiffer (edit.): The oldest land register of the German Order Coming Nuremberg . Degener, Neustadt a. d. Aisch 1981, ISBN 3-7686-4089-2 .
  • Dieter J. Weiss : The history of the Deutschordens-Ballei Franconia in the Middle Ages (= publications of the Society for Franconian History. Series 9, representations from Franconian history. Volume 39). Degener, Neustadt a. d. Aisch 1991, ISBN 3-7686-9111-X .
  • Ada Stützel: On the trail of the Teutonic Order in Franconia . Sutton, Erfurt 2006, ISBN 3-89702-990-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Horneck Castle
  2. ↑ a b c d e Dieter J. White : German Order: Territory and Administration in: Historisches Lexikon Bayerns
  3. ↑ Dieter J. Weiß: Administrative reform and threatening secularization in: Hedwig Röckelein , Dietmar Schiersner: Secular rule in spiritual hands: The Germania Sacra in the 17th and 18th centuries 2017, 264
  4. ↑ Wirtembergischen Franken Journal of the historical association for the Wirtembergischen Franken , year 1839 p.335
  5. ↑ Militzer: p. 128
  6. ↑ Klaus Militzer: Origin of the Deutschordensballeien p. 128 f.
  7. ↑ Dieter J. Weiß: History of the Deutschordens-Ballei Franken ... , p. 139 ff.
  8. ↑ Militzer: p. 134
  9. ↑ a b c Hofmann: On the history of the Ballei Franken and the Hofkammer Mergentheim at: State Archives Ludwigsburg.
  10. ↑ Militzer: p. 120
  11. ↑ The history of the German Order-Ballei francs ... . 58
  12. ↑ Militzer: p. 120
  13. ^ White: The history of the Deutschordens-Ballei Franconia ... p. 406
  14. ↑ White: The history of the Deutschordens-Ballei Franken ... p. 406 ff. And p. 422 ff
  15. ↑ Militzer: p. 120
  16. ^ The Coming Ellingen and Oettingen State Archives Ludwigsburg Holdings B 332 German Order:
  17. ↑ a b Dieter J. Weiss: German Order: Political History (Middle Ages) . In: Historical Lexicon of Bavaria .
  18. ↑ a b c d J. Staudenmaier: Deutscher Orden, Landkommende Ellingen Holdings signature: Rep. 205.1 at: State Archives Nuremberg , December 2014
  19. ↑ a b Former residence of the Teutonic Order in Ellingen at: Süddeutscher Barock
  20. ↑ State Archives Ludwigsburg JL 425 Bd 7 Qu. 29
  21. ^ Incorporation and consolidation agreement between HDM Maximilian Franz of Austria on the one hand and Franz Konrad Philipp Zobel von Giebelstadt, governor, councilors and knights of the DOB Fr on the other hand, on the incorporation of the DOB Fr into the master class, 1789 Jan. 5 German digital library
  22. ^ Hanns Hubert Hofmann: State of the German Master , p. 320
  23. ↑ Hanns Hubert Hofmann: State of the German Master , p. 329.
  24. ↑ Reiner Kammerl: The imperial city of Weißenburg at the turn of the 19th century . In: Rainer A. Müller, Helmut Flachenecker, Reiner Kammerl (eds.): The end of the small imperial cities in 1803 in southern Germany . CH Beck, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-10668-2 , pp. 288-319, here p. 314 .
  25. ^ Absberg Teutonic Order ( Memento from May 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  26. ^ Teutonic order area Lierheim
  27. ↑ J. Staudenmaier: The Lierheim Office at: State Archives Bavaria
  28. ↑ The German Order in Ries
  29. ↑ Teutonic Order Reimlingen  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.reimlingen.de  
  30. ↑ The story of St. Jakob in Nuremberg
  31. ↑ Postbauer-Heng Teutonic Order  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.postbauer-heng.de  
  32. ↑ Teutonic Order Eschenbach
  33. ^ State Archives Nuremberg German Order
  34. ^ History of the Vogteiamt Schneidheim State Archive Ludwigsburg
  35. ↑ Würzburg-Wiki Article German Order
  36. ↑ Würzburg-Wiki Article Deutschordenskomturei