Teutonic Order of St. Aegid (Regensburg)
The Deutschordenskommende St. Aegid (also Deutschordenskommende St. Gilgen ) was in the city center of Regensburg . The Kommende was founded in 1210 by Duke Ludwig I of Baiern and dissolved in 1809. Since 1978 in the premises of the former Coming the retirement home St. Joseph , which is sponsored by the Association German religious house Regensburg eV is. This was founded by families of the Deutschordensballei "An der Donau". The church of St. Aegidien , today a branch church of the , belonged to the comingParish of St. Emmeram .
history
Beginnings and expansion of the coming
Since Bishop Konrad III. von Regensburg was one of the founders of the Teutonic Order, it is not surprising that only 20 years later, in 1210, the first Coming of Bavaria was founded by Duke Ludwig I in Regensburg. This was also the first commandery of the later Deutschordensballei Franconia , which once extended over large parts of southern Germany . Another favorable circumstance that may have promoted the establishment in Regensburg was the extinction of the Babons , who also held the office of burgraves of Regensburg. In 1185 the former Arnulfspfalz and Aegidien Church in Regensburg and in 1204 - after the Margraves Cham-Vohburg died out - the Mark Cham as their inheritance to Duke Ludwig I. The Teutonic Order was able to settle in the buildings of the Burgraves of Regensburg that had become vacant. which the Duke gave to the newly founded comer. He also gave her a church of St. George that could not be precisely located , a vineyard near Mariaort , a Manse near Regensburg, a church in Cham and the Church of the Assumption of Mary in Aichach . With these properties benefices and taxes were connected, which formed the economic basis for the foundation of the Coming.
In 1224 a confrater dictus de Wildenouue appeared as administrator of the Aegidia Church . According to current knowledge, however, he should not be seen as the first Commander of the Teutonic Order. One such is documented in 1237 under the name Chunradus Vuelacher . With a privilege dated June 17, 1249, Pope Innocent IV permitted services to be celebrated in the Aegidia Church even during the interdict . In 1253 the coming received church patronage over the chapel in Brunnleiten and in 1256 over the parish church of Dingolfing . In addition, the Teutonic Order acquired ample property around Regensburg through donations and acquisitions, in 1305 the Hofmark Pichsee in the Straubing-Bogen district and in 1389 and 1418 the Hofmark Graß . In contrast, the Assumption of Mary Church in Aichach received so much property through donations from Bertold von Schildtberg around the middle of the 13th century that it was raised as an independent Teutonic Order Aichach and left the Regensburg Association. In addition, the Deutschordenskommende Gangkofen was founded in 1279 from Regensburg .
The strength of the convent fluctuated in the 13th century between four to seven brothers, so that it does not appear understaffed. In 1368, a sea house was also built , which was occupied by eight sea nuns . This was donated by Willibald von Parkstein , brother of Commander Heinrich von Parkstein. Through this Foundation poor and the needy should fed , cared for the sick and for the souls are praying to the deceased. To do this, the women of the sea had to pray for the dead every Saturday night in the cemetery . From 1368, a hospice is also occupied in the Kommende, which has now become public, but may have been operated for members of the order before. In 1419, the Regensburg commander received from Bishop Albert III. the Episcopal Regensburg fiefdom of Sarching , the Hofmark Niederwinzer at the end of the 17th century and the Hofmark Adlmannstein in 1718 .
The Regensburger Kommende seems to have survived the Reformation without much damage. However, during this time there were disputes with the city of Regensburg about the use of the Aegidienplatz, where the city held a cattle market and wanted to open a ballroom in 1652 . It was not until 1770 that this dispute was ended with a conclusum caesareum , in which the city remained victorious. Before that, there had been disputes over a long period of time with the Dominican monastery of St. Blasius , which was founded in 1233, over the "supremacy" on the Aegidienplatz. In addition, since the late 18th century, the commander was responsible for pastoral care in the Dominican convent of the Holy Cross, founded in 1233 .
Construction history of the commandery building
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The construction of the coming one can also be demonstrated by the construction work initiated by it: For example, a single-nave nave was added to the Aegidia Church, whose exact origin is in the dark, in the period around 1270/80 . In the 14th century, two unequal aisles were added and at the same time the church was extended by a yoke to the west. The choir that still exists was built at the end of the 14th century under Commander Marquard Zollner von Rotenstein. The Komtur buildings adjoining the church to the west and south also date from the late 14th century and were expanded in 1683. The nave of the Aegidien Church was built over with the Commandery. However, it is not a magnificent baroque building, but rather functional rooms for those who were to come at the time. Between 1720 and 1726, the New German House was built east of the church according to the plans of the order builder Franz Keller .
Dissolution of the Kommende 1809 and conversion of the commandery building
With the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss from 1803, the clerical principalities were dissolved, but the Order of Malta and the German Order were excluded from it out of "consideration for the military service of their members". The German Order Coming Regensburg was then added to the Principality of Regensburg under the rule of Karl Theodor von Dalberg . The commandery was dissolved as early as 1809 before Napoleon Bonaparte handed Dalberg's principality over to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1810 .
In 1809, the Prince-Primate Karl Theodor von Dalberg had sold the New German House with Seelhaus and accessories to Baron Alexander Ferdinand von Lilien . Around 1830 it passed from his heir to Johann Jakob Rehbach, who founded the Rehbach pencil factory there, which existed until 1934. In the 19th century the factory was at times the largest production facility in Regensburg, as an inscription on the building attests. In the early 1970s it came into public ownership. After extensive renovation work, an official building for the government of the Upper Palatinate was established there.
The commandery building around the Aegidien Church was handed over to the last prince abbot of St. Emmeram's monastery , Coelestin Steiglehner , in 1810 . He had to hand over his collection of antiquities - consisting of numerous coins, gems and figures - but was able to live there until his death on February 21, 1819. It is thanks to his initiative that many epitaphs of the Teutonic Knights were placed in the Church of St. Aegidien. In 1819 the city of Regensburg acquired the building and used it as a school house . In 1837 the Regensburg Cathedral Chapter acquired the former commandery building and operated the Joseph Hospital there until 1926 , which was looked after by the Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul. Initially, this was operated under the same roof as the Evangelical Hospital, which was moved to its current location on Emmeramsplatz in 1882 . The Joseph hospital was disbanded in 1929 after the much larger Brothers of Charity Hospital had been opened in the west of the city.
Retirement home St. Josef (since 1930)
Instead, the St. Josef retirement home was built on the premises , which in turn was directly sponsored by the Regensburg Cathedral Chapter. However, not keeping pace with the increasing demands on modern care for the elderly, especially in the period after the Second World War . The Sisters of Mercy also had to give up looking after the house due to a lack of young people. Therefore, the cathedral chapter negotiated with the Teutonic Order, which has a rich historical connection to the building complex, about a return to its old place of work in Regensburg. On January 1, 1978, families of the Teutonic Order founded the Association Deutschordenshaus Regensburg eV , which is still run by volunteers from the Deutschordensballei "An der Donau". In 1978/79 this association had a modern care home built south of the old commandery building. According to the plans of the architect Willy Hornung from Ottobeuren , also a familiar of the Teutonic Order, a building with 28 apartments with loggias was built , which could be occupied in December 1979.
The listed old building was extensively renovated by the beginning of 1981 . A sensational find was made: Two very well-preserved Gothic wall paintings were found under a two-meter high false floor above the north nave of the Aegidia Church . Finally, the hospital wing built at the beginning of the 20th century, which was located between the old commandery complex and the first new building, was replaced by another new building. In 1982, after a construction period of four years and construction costs of around 8 million D-Marks, the St. Josef retirement home was inaugurated with 95 living spaces. This was looked after by Dominican missionaries from the Strahlfeld Monastery together with secular staff. As early as 1990/91, a facility with six age- calculated apartments was built on the Aegidiengang, i.e. south of the nursing home, which was structurally connected to the old people's home in 1995 via a festival and communal hall. In 2002 a further, extensive exterior and interior renovation was completed. This included, among other things, the expansion of the historic top floor with new residents' rooms and a communal hall, so that the old people's home now has 107 living spaces.
Because in the city lacked the space for further expansion measures, the club was German religious house Regensburg eV in 2005 in Clermont-Ferrand Avenue west of the city, another nursing home under the name Albertinum build. In addition to secular employees, this is also looked after by the order of sisters of St. Joseph. In 2010 the Dominican Missionaries gave up their ministry in the St. Joseph home for the elderly . With the sister convention of the servants of the Immaculate Mother of God the Virgin Mary, however, successors were found who, together with the secular staff, take care of the care and support of the residents.
description
Old German order comers
The older commandery buildings connect to the Aegidien Church to the west and south. The complex is a four-wing, three-storey hipped roof building , the core of which comes from the Gothic era and was built around 1397. The commandery building was expanded in 1683; However, not as a baroque pompous building, as the construction time suggests, but as simple, functional rooms that were tailored to the needs of the Teutonic Order. During this construction work, the aisles of the Aegidien Church were also built over. Today, thanks to the renovation in 1980/81, the building complex has largely been preserved in the same condition as it was in the expansion of 1683.
During the renovation mentioned, two very well-preserved Gothic wall paintings were discovered under a two-meter high false floor above the north aisle of the Aegidia Church. Since the aisles of the Aegidia Church were built at the end of the 14th century, these had been protected from the elements and, since the Baroque period, also from bleaching due to the false floor. The artist of the two paintings is unknown, but they are very similar to the frescoes in the south aisle of the neighboring Dominican church. Immediately after the sensational discovery, efforts were made to move the paintings into the corridors of the Kommendehaus and thus make them accessible to the general public. However, for reasons of monument protection, this was refrained from, so that the Gothic wall paintings are not open to the public until today.
The larger of the two pictures is around 3.25 meters wide and 1.70 meters high and was made using the Secco technique . Christ is depicted here on the cross between Mary and the “favorite disciple” John . On the right you can also see St. Catherine and the Teutonic Order patroness Elisabeth , on the left the church patron Aegidius . This painting can be recognized by the signature during the tenure of Count Heinrich von Siegenhofen, i.e. between 1290 and 1297. The second painting, a fresco , is slightly smaller at 1.40 meters wide and 3.00 meters high. It shows St. Christopher with the baby Jesus . The lower third of the picture has been lost due to the vaulting in the side aisle at the end of the 14th century. It was created under Commander Johann von Schmiechen, who held office from about 1305 to 1325.
In the courtyard of the old commandery building there is a memorial stone from 1337, which is carved from limestone . The inscription says that an execution of two traitors, which probably took place on Friday, May 26th 1337. It refers to the intended betrayal of a certain Frumold during the siege of Regensburg by Ludwig the Bavarian in 1337. A life-size statue of St. Joseph can be seen in the wall on the west side of the inner courtyard , which was elaborate during the renovation measures in 1980/81 has been restored. It is a high quality Rococo work that is dated to 1761 by means of a chronogram . The original installation site is likely to have been the St. Josef Hospital on Ostengasse , which was also in the hands of the Regensburg Cathedral Chapter.
New German House (New Teutonic Order Coming)
The New German House , an extension of the old Teutonic Order, is located east of the Aegidien Church and has no structural connection to the old Commandery building. It is a two-wing, two-storey hipped roof building in a corner position. The main wing on the north side has nine window axes and a single-axis Portalrisalit which zwerchgiebelartig is excessive. The wide, arched, closed portal is flanked by two Corinthian columns that support an architrave and gable pieces. On the upper floor, the risalit is framed by Corinthian pilasters , on which a triangular gable is built as the upper end.
The building planned by Franz Keller, the builder of the Teutonic Order at the time, was erected between 1720 and 1726 in simple baroque forms. On the upper floor there are some rooms with stucco ceilings that are not open to the public. The stucco decoration, a creation of the early Rococo, could come from Peter Appiani, who worked in the Regensburg Niedermünsterkirche around 1720 .
literature
- Marianne Popp: St. Aegid Regensburg. (= Little Art Guide No. 1874). Schnell & Steiner, Munich 1990.
- Anke Borgmeyer, Achim Hubel, Andreas Tillmann, Angelika Wellnhofer: Monuments in Bavaria - City of Regensburg. Volume III / 37, Mittelbayerische Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Regensburg 1997. ISBN 978-3-92752-9922 . Pp. 18-19.
- Paul Mai : The Teutonic Order Coming St. Aegid . In: Peter Schmid (Ed.): History of the City of Regensburg, Volume 2, Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2000. ISBN 3-7917-1682-4 . Pp. 821-828.
- Paul Mai (Ed.): 800 years of the German Order Coming St. Aegid in Regensburg 1210 - 2010. Exhibition in the Episcopal Central Library Regensburg, St. Petersweg 11-13, from June 19 to September 26, 2010. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2010. ISBN 978-3-7954-2421-3 .
Web links
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Regensburg, Teutonic Order Commander St. Aegid (St. Gilgen) , basic data and history:
Peter Morsbach: St. Aegid in Regensburg - the oldest Bavarian commander of the Teutonic Order in the database of monasteries in Bavaria in the House of Bavarian History
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e On the history of our house ( Memento of the original from November 8, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Online at www.altenheimstjosef.de; accessed on January 31, 2017.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h St. Aegid in Regensburg - the oldest Bavarian commander of the Teutonic Order . Online at www.hdbg.eu; accessed on January 31, 2017.
- ↑ a b c d Popp, p. 2f. and 6
- ↑ a b c Popp, p. 20.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Popp, pp. 16-20.
- ↑ Servants of the Immaculate Mother of God, the Virgin Mary . Online at www.st-emmeram-regensburg.de; accessed on January 31, 2017.
- ↑ Popp, p. 22.
Coordinates: 49 ° 0 '59.9 " N , 12 ° 5' 24.3" E