Graß Castle

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Graß Castle
Creation time : mentioned at the beginning of the 14th century
Castle type : Location
Conservation status: Chapel, lining walls
Place: Regensburg - grass
Geographical location 48 ° 59 '16.1 "  N , 12 ° 4' 38.6"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 59 '16.1 "  N , 12 ° 4' 38.6"  E
former castle chapel

The former Graß Castle was located in the village area (Burgweg 2) of what is now the Graß (Regensburg) district of Regensburg in Bavaria .

history

The name Graß is derived from grazze, which equates to the meaning of "young bushes" or "conifers".

From 1120 to 1271, Graß was owned by the Grazze family, with the earliest named Luitwin von Grazze (Luitwinstraße). The castle was probably built in the 12th century, it is mentioned at the beginning of the 14th century. Around 1335, the castle complex, which had been built up to that point, as well as the property and property, became the property of the Regensburg patrician family Löbl, recognizable by the two coat of arms of the castle chapel. Konrad Löbl received tax exemption from the City Council of Regensburg, but had to undertake not to give Gardd to an auzman . In 1396 the Löbls ceded half of their property to the Auer patrician family.

With funds from the estate of Commander Williband von Parkstein, the Regensburg Order of the Teutonic Order was able to acquire the Hofmark Graß in two parts . The first half was acquired in 1396 by Komtur Marquard Zöllner von Rotenstein from the Regensburg citizen Friedrich von Au, the second half was sold in 1418 by Kaspar Löbl to Komtur Johannes vom Gumppenberg . A blood feud around 1425 between the knights of the Teutonic Order and the son of the Vizedom von Straubing, Emmeram Nothaft, brought difficult times to the place. With the conquest of the castle, grass was defenseless, peasants were plundered and many were taken prisoner.

During the Thirty Years' War around 1633/34, the castle sank into ruins, as enemy troops crossed a striking bridge over the circumferential moat, which only had an access about four meters wide in the west. It was still in this ruinous state in 1768. It was no longer built. Only the St. Michael castle chapel and the moat with remains of the lining wall, probably from the 12th century, have been preserved. The Hofmark also included around 70 days of forest; Count Lerchenfeld von Gebelkofen was entitled to the high hunt , the low hunt to the Coming.

The residents of the community of Graß were subjects of the German rulers for centuries. After the secularization , the farmers were obliged to pay interest in kind to the Royal Land Directorate in Munich . The farmers are still allowed to use the remaining land today, but they have to give up contractually regulated shares from the net income to maintain the remaining castle chapel. This regulation remained in place even after the voluntary connection to Oberisling in 1970 due to the start of construction of the university clinic and even after the incorporation to Regensburg on January 1, 1977. This is why the former castle chapel is also known as the church of the lawyers .

Former castle chapel and today's Catholic side church of St. Michael

The preserved castle chapel, which is dedicated to St. Michael , was built in the 14th century. The church is a hall building with a rectangular choir and roof turret from the 14th century. Parts of the curtain wall are included in the building. Therefore, the southern outer wall has a relatively massive thickness of 1.88 meters. In 1689 the church was rebuilt and received a new barrel vault . The pointed shields with the relics of the Löbels coat of arms have been preserved under its consoles. The ogival window in the east is covered by the baroque altar. On both sides of the altar are the coats of arms of Johann Wilhelm von Zaha and Carl Suickard von Sickingen .

In 1736 the sacristy was added to the south side. The expansive cellar, which is provided with a barrel vault, and presumably also the striking onion roof turret come from this construction phase. The altar originally comes from the Emmeram Church and was a gift from Abbot Anselm Godin of Tampezo in 1733 . When installing the altar, a figure made of lime wood was placed on the side, which showed a representation of a smiling Saint Mary with baby Jesus. This so-called Grasser Madonna was restored in the 19th century and sold to the Germanic National Museum in 1922 .

The privately owned church was extensively renovated in the 80s of the last century and was used as a Catholic side church of the parish of Ziegetsdorf .

literature

  • Stephan Acht: The court stamps of the German Order Coming Regensburg. In Paul Mai (Ed.): 800 years of the German Order Commander St. Aegid in Regensburg 1210 - 2010 (pp. 183–185). Exhibition in the Episcopal Central Library in Regensburg, St. Petersweg 11-13, June 19 to September 26, 2010. Regensburg, Schnell & Steiner, 2010, ISBN 978-3-7954-2421-3 .
  • Andreas Boos : Castles in the south of the Upper Palatinate - the early and high medieval fortifications of the Regensburg area.

Universitätsverlag Regensburg, Regensburg 1998, ISBN 3-930480-03-4 , pp. 174-177.

  • Mathias HHensch: Archaeological insights into the building history of Graß Castle . Preservation of monuments in Regensburg, Volume 14; HRSG, City of Regensburg, Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg, 2015, ISBN 978-3-7917-2708-0 , pp. 35–55.
  • Friedrich-Wilhelm Krahe: Castles of the German Middle Ages - floor plan lexicon. Special edition. Flechsig Verlag, Würzburg 2000, ISBN 3-88189-360-1 , p. 222.
  • Werner Chrobak: Graß, former castle - owned by the Teutonic Order from the end of the 14th century until secularization. In: Contributions to the history of the Diocese of Regensburg 47 (2013), pp. 25–46.
  • Diethard Schmid: Regensburg I. The district court Stadtamhof, the imperial rule Donaustauf and Wörth. (= Historical Atlas of Bavaria, part of Altbayern booklet 41). Commission for Bavarian History, Michael Lassleben Verlag, Munich 1976. ISBN 3-7696-9904-1 .

Web links

Commons : Burg Graß  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Entry on Graß Castle in the private database "Alle Burgen".

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Johann Pelg and Judith Rieber: Festschrift for the 50th anniversary of the parish church of St. Josef Regensburg-Ziegetsdorf. Kath. Stadtpfarramt St. Josef, Regensburg 1982, pp. 37–40.