Niederwinzer Castle

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Village and castle Niederwinzer by Hans Georg Bahre (1638)
Former brewery of Niederwinzer Castle
Board at the house at Nürnberger Strasse 234; Inscription: Maximilian Alban Haidt, caretaker of the Teutschenhaus in Regensburg, and Maria Eleonora his wife had these taverns built in 1689

The lost Niederwinzer Castle was located in the Winzer district of the Upper Palatinate city ​​of Regensburg in Bavaria .

history

For the first time in 1314 a fortified seat is mentioned to winemakers. At that time, Dukes Rudolf and Ludwig exempted the knight Polwein (Paldwein) Winzerer and his Veste Nider-Wintzer from all taxes and services for all time because of his services at the Battle of Gammelsdorf . The knight Polwein was also authorized to sell beer in barrels to innkeepers in and outside the country. The castle must have existed before 1313 and its owner was in the service of the Wittelsbach family . The castle was not a fiefdom of the Bavarian dukes, but was considered an allodial property .

The three genders of the Wintzer family in Bavaria have different headquarters: one was in Hengersberg in Lower Bavaria , another in Mindelheim in Swabia . A member of the family of Upper Palatinate winemakers is probably an Alheidis de Wintzer who appears in the Obermünster donation book . In the donation book of St. Emmeram Monastery, an Ödalricus (Ulrich) de Winzere , brother of Pertha de Winzere , is named under Abbot Peringer II (1177–1201) . A Heinricus von Wünzer (1305–1312) appears in this monastery as the 33rd abbot . A Wernher de Winzere sets in 1300 compared to this related with him abbot a Leibgedingbekenntnis for a house and a farmstead in Regensburg from. In 1311, Duke Rudolf confirmed the Regensburg citizen Heinricus von Winzer , the son of Ulrich von Wünzer († before 1311), a vineyard to Mühlwinzer as a fief . Around this time, a Euphrosina (Offmey) von Winzer (1314-1333) also lived as the abbess of the monastery Niedermünster , two other members were nuns in this monastery, Osanna Petrissa and Catharina von Winzer . A dominus Englbrecht from Winzer appears in the documents between 1316 and 1344. In 1335, in a sales contract between the abbot of St. Emmeram Albert and the Ruger the Wintzerer, a vineyard behind the tower was mentioned by Winzer with the consent of Werher des Wintzerer and his son Paldwein , which was undoubtedly part of the Veste Winzer. Wernher der Wintzerär appears in 1320 with his wife Katharina as a sealer and judge. In 1320, Wernher and his sons Rüger and Baldwein also sell a number of fields to theprüfungingen infirmary . A Rüdiger der Wintzerer is also mentioned in 1336, his wife Osanna in 1333. In addition, pastor Balduin Winzerer in 1341 is mentioned in Eilsbrunn . Another member of this family was Dominus Heinrich von Wintzer the pastor around 1340 . In 1334, Ulrich der Wintzerär and his son Heinrich were also named , who together with his sister received a lease of a vineyard.

An important representative of this family was Heinrich der Wintzerer , Wachtmeister zu Westen, d. H. in the western suburb of Regensburg. His wife's name was Offmey ; his sons Heinrich and Ruger indulged in vilification of two Passau pastors in Vienna in 1351, so that their father had to pay damages. The Wintzerer also had the Pühelhof to Saalhaupt . The winemakers held the hereditary marshal's office as an after-fief and they were presumably also hereditary rulers of the Regensburg monastery . In the middle of the 14th century, the winemakers disappeared from the Regensburg documents. Incidentally, there are no tombstones of this family in the cemetery or in the church of Winzer.

Around 1357 the Veste Winzer seems to have come to the knight Ulrich den Kuttenauer . In 1370 a Kaspar Hofmeister is mentioned here . From this, the property came in 1440 to Caspar Puntinger , owner of the Hofmark Hochdorf. Since the middle of the 15th century the founders , a family from the Hallertau , have been named as owners. The brothers Christoph and Jordan Gießer von Winzer in 1494 and 1514 are attested. Christoph the Griesser (the younger) , Hofkastner zu Amberg , was a sharp opponent of the imperial city of Regensburg. 1555 confirmed Jordan Giesser that the seat winemaker for landscape of Upper Bavaria belongs. According to a tombstone in the cemetery wall of Winzer, the wife of Jordan Giesser von Winzer, the noble, veste Barbara von Hausen , died in 1472. In 1532 a Ludwig the Foundry sold his fiefdom at Pielenhofen to the local monastery . In 1555 a Jordan Giesser acquires the Mayrhof headquarters near Hemau and the Giessers sell their property to winegrowers. This Jordan is still called in 1579 after the seat in Winzer.

The Altmann followed the Giesser between 1555 and 1567 . In 1567 Hans Georg Altmann , provost of the Pielenhofen monastery , was the owner of the uninhabited castle and four decorative wine houses . In 1581 Hans Georg Altmann von Schwandorf owned a "stone house and 6 Sölden" in winegrowers. This old man was chamberlain, court master and caretaker of Hemau and Burglengenfeld . In 1594 he sold his winery property to Hans Paulus Perickh (Pyrck) , Brandenburg councilor and rider captain . In 1601 a Barbara Neuhauser bought the property from him. Since she did not have the right to be a resident , jurisdiction was withdrawn from the Stadtamhof district court in 1607. Other owners then replaced each other in quick succession: Georg Ludwig von Neuhausen auf Sicklasberg and his housewife sold the goods to Winzer in 1607 to Georg Werner zu Pyrnbaum und Winzer , in the same year the ownership went to Hans Egilhof von Lichtenau zu Pirnbach und Winzer . After his death (1613) Heinrich Rechlinger , Hans Andre von Heignenberg (around 1639) and the Jesuit College of St. Paul follow . In 1651 Hans Sebastian Nothracht Freiherr von Weißenstein and Viztum in Straubing came into the possession of winegrowers and regained court rights. In 1670, Sebastian Nothannt's widow sold Niederwinzer to Johann Viktor von und zu Altfrauenberg . Under this, the renovation of the slowly dilapidated castle seems to have started. Because of the feared construction costs, this Niederwinzer sold in 1685 to Johann Wilhelm von Zocha , governor of Mergentheim and Landkomtur of the Deutschordensballei Franconia . On the occasion of this sale, the Hofmark Niederwinzer carried out a value calculation, which resulted in a total value of 2385 guilders.

By Michael Wening ownership is as small Hofmark owned by the German Order of Coming Regensburg described. The building no longer existed because the Adeliche Sütz was completely ruined . The seat was no longer built, instead the income from the Hofmark was used to rebuild the long desolate tavern . The most valuable accessories were a brewery and a tavern. However, the brewery also stopped making a profit, but there was no opportunity to sell it either. On October 10, 1805, the property was confiscated by the Bavarian state in the course of the secularization of the brewery.

Building

A view from 1638 shows a three-story residential building in Winzer with a stepped gable and a small tower with a pointed roof attached . Behind it stands a multi- story tower on the side facing away from the Danube . Presumably there was originally a tower castle here ; The courtyard, garden and brewery were enclosed by a wall.

The former brewery, which was converted into a wine shop (today Bert's Weinexpress in Nürnberger Str. 249) is still preserved, the coat of arms of the Teutonic Order that was attached to the house has disappeared since the beginning of 1900. Opposite is the house at Nürnberger Str. 234, which housed the former tavern. The inscription plaque reminds of Maximilian Alban Haidt, caretaker of the Teutschenhaus zu Regensburg, who had this tavern built with his wife in 1689.

literature

  • Sixtus Lampl : Upper Palatinate . Ed .: Michael Petzet , Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments (=  Monuments in Bavaria . Volume III ). Oldenbourg, Munich 1986, ISBN 3-486-52394-5 .
  • Stephan Acht: The court stamps of the German Order Coming Regensburg. In: Paul Mai (Ed.): 800 years of the German Order Coming St. Aegid in Regensburg 1210–2010. Exhibition in the Bischöfliche Zentralbibliothek Regensburg, St. Petersweg 11–13, June 19 to September 26, 2010. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-7954-2421-3 , pp. 183–185.
  • Andreas Boos : Castles in the south of the Upper Palatinate. The early and high medieval fortifications of the Regensburg area. Universitätsverlag Regensburg, Regensburg 1998, ISBN 3-930480-03-4 , pp. 410-412.
  • Rudolf Freytag: winemaker near Regensburg. Attempt to describe the place with special consideration of the field names. In: Negotiations of the historical association Regensburg. 88, 1938, pp. 187-229.
  • Diethard Schmid: Regensburg I. The district court Stadtamhof, the imperial rule Donaustauf and Wörth. (= Historical Atlas of Bavaria. Part of Altbayern Heft 41). Commission for Bavarian History. Verlag Michael Lassleben, Munich 1976, ISBN 3-7696-9904-1 .

Web links

  • Entry on Niederwinzer in the private database "Alle Burgen".

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rudolf Freytag, 1938, pp. 204–206.

Coordinates: 49 ° 1 '58 "  N , 12 ° 3' 14.1"  E