Tafernwirtschaft

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Former inn and tavern run by Johann Glasl in Heimstetten in Bavaria (historical postcard from 1918)

Taferne, tavern (from Latin taberna : hut / shop / (show) -bude / inn, then also taberna publica ) or tavern or tavern are old names for a restaurant . Various place names are derived from this, such as Tafern in Bavaria . Tafers in the Swiss canton of Friborg is traced back to the Latin-Romance tabernas , which is likely to have its origin in Latin ad tabernas ("at the inn"). The origin of the place name in the case of Tawern in Rhineland-Palatinate is archaeologically proven . Tabernae (plural) was also the name of the Roman settlement from which Rheinzabern arose .

history

The landlord of a Taferne or Tafernwirtschaft, called Taferner or Tafernwirt, held the right to drink in earlier times . This right, roughly comparable to today's restaurant license, included various privileges. It was awarded by the sovereign.

The peasant wedding , painting by P. Brueghel the Elder Ä.

According to this, the landlord of a tavern, a so-called “perfect economy”, not only had the public tapping right , the right to host and host guests, and the stables for foreigners (the supply and sheltering of the train and riding animals ), but he was also allowed to dine in engagement (Häftlwein), weddings , chair festivals , baptismal align and other festive feasts -. The landlord was allowed to serve beer, wine and brandy. Legal transactions used to be drunk with wine. The wine goblet on the guild sign still reminds of this today . For Tafernrecht included the right to brew beer , the focal law and justice back, so the right to create an oven and bake bread.

A tavern had to accommodate traveling journeyman craftsmen for money or handicrafts in return, so they had a social obligation. In addition, the funeral feast was held in the Taferne in the event of death and the estate negotiations were held. If there was no office building, court hearings also took place there (see Inheritance Court ). The Taferne was the communal center in secular affairs for the residents of the village.

A landlord without the right to drink was only a tap host.

Tafernwirtschaften in the present

In southern Germany, this name is still used for an inn, although the meaning varies regionally, from the modest inn, pub to the stately inn with hotel or guesthouse . Both the spelling “Tafernwirtschaft” and “Tavernwirtschaft” are used. In Switzerland and Austria, on the other hand, the spelling with “v”, modeled on the Italian “taverna”, is preferred. The replacement of the “v” by “f” is due to the Middle High German phonology , where [v] was not a phoneme of its own , but only an allophone of / f / (cf. the very similar case “Tafel”, mhd. “Tavel ( e) ", ahd." tavala "," tabul (a) "from Latin" tabula ", from which Italian" tavola ").

literature

  • Robert Gasteiger, Wilhelm Liebhart (ed.): The art of brewing and breweries in the Dachau region. A merciful handler of the Pierpreuen. 100 years of the Dachau Museum Association. Published on behalf of the Museumsverein Dachau e. V. and the Museum and Heimatverein Altomünster . Museumsverein Dachau, Dachau 2009, ISBN 978-3-926355-17-1 , p. 63 ff.
  • True dictionary of foreign words. Mosaik Verlag GmbH, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-570-02681-7 .
  • Kürschner's World Language Lexicon. Hermann Hilger Verlag, Berlin, Eisenach, Leipzig, Chicago, no year of issue, probably 19th century.
  • Hans C. Peyer : From hospitality to an inn. Studies on hospitality in the Middle Ages , (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Schriften Vol. 31), 1987 ISBN 3-7752-5153-7
  • Hans C. Peyer: Hospitality and Commercial Hospitality in the Middle Ages (= Writings of the Historical College . Lectures . Vol. 3), Munich 1983 ( digitized version )
  • Hans C. Peyer (Ed.): Hospitality, tavern and inn in the Middle Ages (= writings of the historical college. Colloquia , vol. 3). Oldenbourg, Munich 1983, ISBN 978-3-486-51661-6 ( digitized version )

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Association Römisches Tawern eV -. Accessed December 6, 2018 (German).
  2. a b c Robert Gasteiger, Wilhelm Liebhart (ed.): Brewing art and breweries in the Dachauer country. A merciful handler of the Pierpreuen. 100 years of the Dachau Museum Association. Published on behalf of the Museumsverein Dachau e. V. and the Museum and Heimatverein Altomünster . Museumsverein Dachau, Dachau 2009, ISBN 978-3-926355-17-1 , p. 63 ff.