Erik V. (Denmark)

Erik V. Klipping

Erich V. Klipping , dan. Erik V. Klipping , at times also called Erik V. Glipping (* around 1249 at Ålholm Castle (near Nysted ), Lolland ; † November 22, 1286 in Findrup near Viborg ) was King of Denmark .

Life

He was the only surviving son of King Christopher I of Denmark (* around 1219; † 1259) and his wife Margarete Sambiria (* around 1230; † 1282).

youth

Erik was elected heir to the throne as early as 1254, but was not crowned during the lifetime of his father Christoph I because of the resistance of Archbishop Jakob Erlandsen von Lund , with whom Christoph had a dispute in the last years of his life. When Christoph died unexpectedly in the middle of 1259, he left the archbishop in custody and a feud against the family of his predecessor and brother Abel . Margarete Sambiria as guardian of her son tried to create stability. Jakob Erlandsen was released and Abel's son Erik was enfeoffed with the Duchy of Schleswig. At Christmas 1259 Erik V was crowned king in Viborg.

Erik von Schleswig's mother Mechthild von Holstein allied herself in 1260 with Jakob Erlandsen and her brothers, the Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein Johann I and Gerhard I against Denmark. Margarete Sambiria therefore continued the feud against Archbishop Erlandson and Duke Erik of Schleswig. In the attack on Holstein, Erik V. and his mother were taken prisoner after the Battle of Lohheide in 1261. Margarete Sambiria was soon able to return to Denmark thanks to the support of Albrecht von Braunschweig . After Albrecht, who wanted to seize power in Denmark himself, was driven out by the Danish nobility, Margarete Sambiria ruled. Jakob Erlandson and other high clergymen were banished. Erik, on the other hand, was interned in Holstein and was only released in 1264 after the intervention of Margrave Johann I in return for considerable concessions to Erik of Schleswig. Even after his return, his mother ruled for him until around 1266.

Regency

In 1266 Erik left the Danish part of Estonia to his mother as a widow's estate and ruled independently. Margarete Sambiria initially retained influence. Erik's refusal to comply with Pope Clement IV's demand for the re-establishment of the exiled bishops resulted in the papal ban on the king and his mother. Erlandson did not get back to his office, but stayed in Italy and intervened with the Pope, but it was not until 1272 that Pope Gregory X succeeded in getting the Danish bishops to bow. Erlandson set off for the north, but was killed in 1274 on Rügen by a crossbow shot.

Erik von Schleswig died in 1272 and Erik Klipping ruled as guardian for his heir Waldemar IV. Schleswig and incorporated Flensburg , Alsen and Fehmarn into his kingdom.

Erik achieved successes against his father's enemies in this way, but otherwise his entire reign was marked by anarchy. In 1282 his already limited rights were further restricted by a hand-held festival imposed by the Danish nobility . This was the first Danish hand festival. It withdrew the king's jurisdiction and tied it to an ordinary court, the Danehof . His arbitrary expropriation of the property of his subjects was also stopped.

There were also conflicts with his relatives. Erik V. was not ready to hand over the goods to which they were entitled to the daughters of his uncle Erik IV. Plogpenning . Since Sofia was a Swedish king and Ingeborg was a Norwegian king widow, this complicated relations with Sweden and Norway .

death

On November 22nd, 1286, Erik was murdered while hunting in Finderup ( Jutland ) with several dagger stabs. Erik V is buried in Viborg Cathedral. His son Erik Menved was his successor. Waldemar IV of Schleswig and his mother Agnes became his guardians.

The identity of the murderers is not clearly clarified, as the mastermind is called his cousin Jakob Nielson, Count von Halland , a grandson of Waldemar II. Sejr's illegitimate son Niels. At the trial before Danehoffet in Nyborg the following year, nine nobles, including Jakob Nielson, were charged with murder and declared outlawed. They fled to Norway. Half a century later, according to a chronicle, Waldemar IV of Schleswig is also said to have been accused of murder. Duke Waldemar, however, suspected the Reichstruchseß Peder Höfel of murder and let this finally in 1289 in chains for special castle bring, where he was kept for a long time imprisonment.

Marriage and offspring

He had numerous children with his wife Agnes (* after 1255, † 1304), the daughter of Johann I of Brandenburg, whom he married in 1273:

Erik VI. Menved (1274 - 13 November 1319), King of Denmark (1286–1319)
Waldemar († 1304)
Richsa († before October 27, 1308), ⚭ 1292/1293 Nikolaus II , Prince of Werle
Christopher II (* 1276; † August 2, 1332), King of Denmark (1319–1326 and 1330–1332)
Märta († March 2, 1341), ⚭ 1298 Birger Magnusson , King of Sweden
Katharina (* 1278, † 1283)
Elisabeth (* 1280, † 1283)

nickname

The epithet Klipping , which appears in contemporary sources, means "to circumcise". The reason for the naming is unknown.

An old dictionary gives two meanings: a glove cut from sheepskin or a thin, square silver coin cut with scissors. However, this coin does not appear until 1519, and therefore cannot refer to Erik Klipping. Ludvig Holberg assigned the nickname Klipping as a derivation from the above-mentioned coin of the same name Christian II because of the deterioration in money that took place under him. In the Glipping version he interpreted Erik's nickname as a wink.

Web links

Anders Bøgh: Erik V. Klipping at danmarkshistorien.dk (Danish)

Individual evidence

↑ Erik Klippings Handfeste (Danish)
^ Andreas Ludwig Jacob Michelsen : Archive for State and Church History of the Duchies of Schleswig, Holstein, Lauenburg , Volume 4 , Altona 1840, p. 281
↑ Erik V. Klipping .
^ Johann Georg Peter Möller: Tysk och svensk Ord-Bok . Leipzig 1808. Volume 3, p. 801 .
↑ Ludewig Holberg: Dännemarckische Norwegische Staats- und Reichs-Historie: In which many curieuse antiques from the old state are presented, and an accurate description of the current state of the kingdoms of Dännemarck and Norway is given . 1730, p. 697.
↑ Ludewig Holberg: Dännemarckische Norwegische Staats- und Reichs-Historie: In which many curieuse antiques from the old state are presented, and an accurate description of the current state of the kingdoms of Dännemarck and Norway is given . 1730, p. 690.

predecessor	Office	successor
Christoph I.	King of Denmark 1259–1286	Erik VI. Menved

personal data
SURNAME	Erik V.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Erich V. Klipping; Erik V. Klipping (Danish); Erich V. Glipping; Erik V. Glipping
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	King of Denmark (1259–1286)
DATE OF BIRTH	around 1249
PLACE OF BIRTH	Aalholm Castle, near Nysted, Lolland
DATE OF DEATH	November 22, 1286
Place of death	Findrup near Viborg

[1] Erik Klippings Handfeste (Danish)

[2] Andreas Ludwig Jacob Michelsen : Archive for State and Church History of the Duchies of Schleswig, Holstein, Lauenburg , Volume 4 , Altona 1840, p. 281

[3] Erik V. Klipping .

[4] Johann Georg Peter Möller: Tysk och svensk Ord-Bok . Leipzig 1808. Volume 3, p. 801 .

[5] Ludewig Holberg: Dännemarckische Norwegische Staats- und Reichs-Historie: In which many curieuse antiques from the old state are presented, and an accurate description of the current state of the kingdoms of Dännemarck and Norway is given . 1730, p. 697.

[6] Ludewig Holberg: Dännemarckische Norwegische Staats- und Reichs-Historie: In which many curieuse antiques from the old state are presented, and an accurate description of the current state of the kingdoms of Dännemarck and Norway is given . 1730, p. 690.