Johann von Jandun

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Johann von Jandun (* between 1280 and 1290 in Jandun , today in the Ardennes department , France; † between September 1, 1328 and September 15, 1328 in Montalto , Italy) was an Averroist philosopher , theologian and political theorist. He is also known as Johannes de Jandun, Jean de Jandun, Jean de Jandum, John of Janduno, Joannes Jandum, Johannes de Genduno, de Ganduno, and de Gandavo.

Johann is considered one of the most important Aristotelians of the 14th century and was also often associated with the Defensor Pacis of Marsilius of Padua . In the meantime it has been proven that if it was, it did not play a significant role in the development of the Defensor Pacis.

Johann von Jandun wrote the first travel guide for the city of Paris .

Life

Johannes was born before 1290 in the small French village of Jandun in the Ardennes , near today's border with Belgium. He studied Artes Liberales at the University of Paris , around 1310 he completed his studies with a Magister Artium and taught from 1315 at the newly founded Collegium Navarra in Paris. At the request of the university, he was received by Pope John XXII. from 1316 initially promoted through the entitlement to a benefice as a canon in Senlis . He dealt with the works of Aristotle and Averroes and in the following years wrote various publications on them, not all of which have been printed or passed on.

He knew Marsilius of Padua before 1315 and Johann's suggestions were probably incorporated into the work Defensor Pacis , published anonymously by Marcellus in 1324 . In Defensor Pacis, the legitimacy of the existing rulership structures of the emperor and pope was questioned, as they did not correspond to the idea that political decisions should be made largely in agreement with the majority of the population. But the authors of Defensor Pacis became known and the Pope condemned the two of them as heretics on the basis of various formulations in the scriptures .

On April 3, 1327, a bull from the Pope designated them as sons of perdition and disciples of damnation , who had already led their students at the university away from the path of truth. A few days later they are excommunicated and lose their church support and privileges. After a personal justification period of a further four months, the Pope issued a bull on October 23, 1327, with which they were declared heretics and some of their statements were refuted and declared heretical . In particular, it should be wrong that Peter, who the Pope sees himself as his successor, has no priority over the other apostles, that the emperor can appoint and depose popes, that according to Christ, all priests have the same authority and their different powers over imperial regulations It is due to the fact that the Pope and the Church would have no right to punishment without imperial permission and that Christ did not pay tribute to the emperor voluntarily but on the basis of an obligation. On February 26, 1328, the Pope asked the Roman population to imprison the two professors, "these beasts, which emerged from the abysses of Satan and the sulfur pool of hell".

Both fled Paris to Germany in 1324 and sought protection at the court of the then King Ludwig IV, the Bavarian , whose rightful rule was denied by the Pope at that time. They accompanied Ludwig on his campaign to Italy, which began in the spring of 1327, with which Ludwig wanted to enforce his imperial coronation by the Pope. Before starting his way back to Germany, Ludwig appointed Johann von Jandun on May 1, 1328 Bishop of Ferrara , but Johann could not take up his office due to the punishment finally imposed on him by the Pope in 1327. On July 14, 1328, Johann was appointed by Emperor Ludwig to be his councilor and secretary. Johann could no longer exercise this office either, since he died in Montalto between September 1st and 15th, 1328 during the march of the imperial troops from Rome to Pisa .

Works

  • Quaestiones super libros Aristotelis de coelo et mundo, Padua 1475, Venice 1551
  • Expositio et quaestiones in Averroem de substantia orbis, 1481
  • Quaestiones in libros Physicorum 1488
  • Quaestiones in parva naturalia Aristotelis 1505
  • Questiones in duodecim libros metaphysicae Aristotelis 1505
  • De laudibus Silvanecti, De laudibus Parisius, ed. v. AKV Le Roux de Lincy, LM Tisserand, Paris et ses historiens 1867, 1-79

literature

Web links

Wikisource: Catholic Encyclopedia (1913): John of Janduno  - Sources and full texts (English)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ NDB names the period from 1285 to 1289 for the year of birth, BBKL a period before 1290, Brockhaus the year 1286 and the Lexicon of the Middle Ages a period from 1280 to 1285.
  2. ↑ According to ADB
  3. ^ According to NDB, ADB ascribes this appointment to another Johann.
  4. ↑ According to BBKL, NDB names September 10th to 15th, 1328, ADB May or June 1328 in a place called Todi .
personal data
SURNAME Johann von Jandun
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jean de Jandun; Jean de Jandum; Joannes Jandum; Johannes de Genduno; Johannes de Ganduno; Johannes de Gandavo; Johannes de Jandun; John of Janduno
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Averroistic philosopher, theologian and political theorist
DATE OF BIRTH between 1280 and 1290
PLACE OF BIRTH Jandun
DATE OF DEATH between September 1, 1328 and September 15, 1328
Place of death Montalto , Italy