Hermann Guthe (geographer)

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Hermann Adolph Wilhelm Guthe (also: Hermann Wilhelm Adolf Otto Guthe ; born August 12, 1825 in Sankt Andreasberg im Harz ; † January 29, 1874 in Munich ) was a German geographer , non-fiction author and professor in Hanover and Munich. The temporary Freemason was , along with Alfred Kirchhoff , Oscar Peschel , Hermann Wagner and others, one of the leading geographers, especially of the 19th century. As autodidacts , partly still influenced by the work of Carl Ritter , they focused on scientifically founded geography and with their work they succeeded in establishing new chairs in this subject in addition to those in Berlin and Göttingen. Among these geographers, Guthe is considered the most outstanding teacher.

Life

family

Hermann Guthe was the son of the merchant and senator Friedrich Wilhelm Guthe (* 1796) who worked in Sankt Andreasberg , the son of the merchant Joh. Christian. Dietrich Guthe and Sophie Johanna Coeler . His mother Wilh. Sophie Friederike (* 1801) was a daughter of the church lawyer and treasurer Heinrich Michael Woge and Friederike Henriette Wilhelmine, who were also active in Sankt Andreasberg . Hermann Guthe married Hauke-Marg in 1854 . († 1873), a daughter of the magistrate of Berum , Joh. Gerh. Schomerus († 1871). The marriage had seven children. A nephew of Hermann Guthe was Karl Eugen Guthe (1866–1915), professor of physics in Michigan .

Career

The 1845 in the Kingdom of Hanover , born in Clausthal merchant's son Hermann Guthe attended high school in Clausthal and studied from 1845 to 1847 classical languages, philosophy, mathematics and physics at the Georg-August University of Göttingen , where he in 1848 a member of the progression-fraternity Hercynia Göttingen was , from 1847 to 1848 in Berlin , where he also attended lectures by the geographer Carl Ritter in the winter semester 1847–48. From 1848 to 1849 Guthe studied again in Göttingen , where he passed his scientific examination for teaching at grammar schools in 1850. Guthe had previously been employed in Hanover in 1849, initially as a collaborator , and then in 1851 as senior teacher at the local Lyceum . At the same time he worked on his geographical work on the history and geography of the landscape Margiana, today's Merw , for which he received his doctorate in philosophy in 1856. In the following year Guthe became a member of the Freemason Lodge Friedrich zum white horse .

“The Polytechnic School in Hanover ” on Georgstrasse , view towards today's Kröpcke ;
Engraving around 1850 from Thümling to Kretschmer

Senior teacher Guthe was a member of the board of the Natural History Society in Hanover by the end of the 1850s at the latest .

In 1863 his activity as a teacher was expanded to include teaching geography with the Royal Hanover Cadet Corps . In addition, Guthe was commissioned to give lectures on geography to the then Crown Prince Ernst August von Hanover and his sisters Friederike and Marie for the years 1863 and 1864 . His most important other task was teaching mathematics and mineralogy at the polytechnic school in Hanover , for which he was awarded the title of professor in 1868.

In the meantime, after the annexation of the Kingdom of Hanover in 1866 by Prussia, the Grand Lodge of Hanover was dissolved in 1867 . All boxes in Hanover should now join the old Prussian ones. So Hermann Guthe's Lodge Friedrich joined the White Horse of the Prussian Great Lodge called Royal York for friendship . Hermann Guthe demonstrated his protest against this step by leaving the Lodge together with around forty other members.

It was precisely in these last years of his life that Guthe made his greatest scientific achievements. In particular, his monograph on the Lands of the Guelphs , first published in 1867 under the title The Lands of Braunschweig and Hanover ... has long been considered the model font of modern geography. It was inspired by the work of Carl Ritter and was able to offer a considerably in-depth insight on the basis of natural science and mathematics. Guthe's first edition of the "Textbook of Geography" from 1868 was almost a pioneering achievement in terms of delimitation, structure and presentation of the material. Later on by Hermann Wagner, it remained one of the most widely used academic textbooks of its kind due to its quality.

Guthe's long-matured wish to be able to work exclusively in the subject of geography was fulfilled in 1873 when he was appointed to the newly established professorial position for geography at the polytechnic school there . Hardly arrived, but died a few months before his wife and a child Guthes at the cholera - epidemic , which succumbed to the almost universally educated for his time geography professor shortly thereafter.

Works (selection)

Fonts

  • On the history and geography of the Margiana landscape, today's Merw , dissertation, 1856
  • The states of Braunschweig and Hanover. Shown geographically with consideration for the neighboring areas. , Hannover, Klindworth's Verlag, 1867 ( digitized version )
  • Geography textbook by H [ermann] Guthe , 4th edition, substantially revised by Hermann Wagner (with illustrations and a colored plate), Hanover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1879; Digitized by the Georg Eckert Institute for International Textbook Research

Others

Honors

Literature (selection)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Hans Poser:  Hermann Adolph Wilhelm.html # ndbcontent Guthe, Hermann Adolph Wilhelm. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1966, ISBN 3-428-00188-5 , p. 342 f. ( Digitized version ).
  2. ↑ a b Report of the Natural History Society of Hanover , Volumes 44–54, Festschrift for the 100th anniversary of the foundation, Hanover: Natural History Society, 1897, p. 159 and others; Preview over google books
  3. ↑ a b c d e Siegfried Schildmacher, Winfried Brinkmann, Edzard Bakker, Peter Rosenstein (Red.): Prof. Dr. phil. Hermann Adolph Wilhelm Guthe. In Siegfried Schildmacher (Ed.): In the footsteps of the Freemasons - a walk through the streets of Hanover. Self-published, Hannover 2015, p. 67
  4. ↑ see paragraph 64
  5. ^ A b Friedrich Ratzel:  Guthe, Hermann . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1879, p. 221.
  6. ^ Annual report of the Natural History Society in Hanover , Volume 9, p. 9; Digitized via Google books
  7. ^ Klaus Mlynek : Capital (function). In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 274.
personal data
SURNAME Guthe, Hermann
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Guthe, Hermann Adolph Wilhelm; Guthe, Hermann Wilhelm Adolf Otto (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German geographer, university professor and non-fiction author
DATE OF BIRTH August 12, 1825
PLACE OF BIRTH Sankt Andreasberg
DATE OF DEATH January 29, 1874
Place of death Munich