Georg Schumacher (politician, 1844)

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Members of the SAPD parliamentary group in the Reichstag in 1889. (seated from the left: Georg Schumacher , Friedrich Harm , August Bebel , Heinrich Meister and Karl Frohme . Standing: Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Dietz , August Kühn , Wilhelm Liebknecht , Karl Grillenberger , and Paul Singer )

Georg Schumacher (born October 31, 1844 in Cologne , † July 15, 1917 there ) was a German social democratic politician .

Life

Schumacher became a tanner like his father and worked as a journeyman until 1876. In London he was a member of the German Workers' Education Association and became acquainted with Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels . In 1869 he joined the SDAP ; In 1872 he took part in the Hague Congress of the First International . As early as 1873/74 he was an agitator of the central SDAP party committee. In the years 1875 and 1876, after the merger of the SAP and the ADAV to form the SAPD , he stayed in London ; he worked from 1876 to 1878 as an editor of the "Cölner Free Press", in 1878 also in Barmen for the Bergische Volksstimme . After the Socialist Law came into force , both newspapers were banned. Schumacher moved to Solingen and worked here as an independent leather dealer until 1902, sometimes with Josef Dietzgen . The Barmer social democrat Eduard Mohrhenn fought Schumacher in 1881/82 with letters from Dietzgen to him. An attempt to exclude Schumacher from the SPD was rejected by the arbitration tribunal (August Bebel and Wilhelm Hasenclever ) in 1894.

A first Reichstag candidacy in 1881 failed. From 1884 to 1898 he sat in the Reichstag for the constituency of Solingen in the administrative district of Düsseldorf . In addition, Schumacher was also a city councilor in Solingen from 1895 to 1902. During the steamer subsidy dispute in 1884/1885, Schumacher turned to Friedrich Engels, to whom he explained his dissenting stance. Alongside August Bebel , Carl Grillenberger and Friedrich Harm, Schumacher was the main defendant in the Elberfeld secret society trial (November 18 to December 30, 1889). Schumacher was acquitted. In 1889 he took part as a delegate at the International Socialist Workers' Congress in Paris.

In the Reichstag election in 1898, the Solingen party faction split. Schumacher ran as an "independent moderate social democrat" against the official SPD candidate Philipp Scheidemann . In the runoff election, he and his comrades campaigned for the non-party so-called wild liberal Louis Sabin . Sabin defeated Scheidemann. Schumann was expelled from the party with five others. He later rejoined the party.

In 1906 he moved back to Cologne, where he worked as an author and editor. Schumacher always had excellent relationships with the Rheinische Zeitung in Cologne and was well versed in the history of the party.

Publications

  • From the negotiations of the Reichstag. Labor protection, stock exchange tax. Speeches by the MPs Schumacher and Auer , as well as the Reich Chancellor Prince Bismarck on the Hertling motions etc. on January 14, 15 and 16, 1885; Speech of the Abg. Kayser on the proposal from Wedell-Malchow , January 21, 1885. Verbatim copy from the official stenographic report . Wörlein, Nuremberg 1885.
  • On the history of the Bergisch workers' voice . In: Twenty-five years of struggle. (Anniversary edition) . Bergische Arbeiterstimme , Solingen 1915, No. 112 from May 15, 1915, p. 2.
  • The continental dam and its effects on the branches of industry on the left and right of the Rhine. Also a contribution to the centenary . In: The New Time . Weekly of the German Social Democracy . 32.1913-1914, Volume 1 (1914), Issue 4, pp. 103-109. Digitized
  • The continental dam and its effects on the branches of industry on the left and right of the Rhine. Also a contribution to the turn of the century. (Conclusion) . In: The New Time. Weekly of the German Social Democracy . 32.1913-1914, Volume 1 (1914), Issue 5, pp. 161-164. Digitized

literature

  • Friedrich Engels to Georg Schumacher [December 1890]. In: Kölnische Zeitung of February 24, 1906. No. 47, p. 6.
  • Karl Kautsky : Again the question of the steam subsidy . In: The New Time . 34th year 1916. Second volume. No. 9 of June 2, 1916, p. 272 ​​ff .; here p. 273 f. Digitized
  • Rolf Schaberg: The history of the Solingen workers' movement from its beginnings to the outbreak of the First World War . (Thesis (doctoral) Karl-Franzens-University Graz, 1958)
  • Dieter Fricke: The German labor movement 1869-1914. A manual about their organization and activity in the class struggle . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1976, pp. 33, 49, 53, 100, 110, 125, 153, 557 f., 586.
  • In the struggle for the revolutionary character of the proletarian party. Letters from leading German worker functionaries December 1884 to July 1885. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1977, pp. 97, 105, 200, 243, 253, 368.
  • Rudolf Boch : craftsmen-socialists against factory society. Local professional associations, mass trade unions and industrial rationalization in Solingen 1870–1914 (= critical studies on historical science . Volume 67). Göttingen 1985.
  • Wilhelm Heinz Schröder : Social Democratic Parliamentarians in the German Reich and Landtag 1867-1933. Biographies, chronicles, election documentation. A handbook (= handbooks on the history of parliamentarism and political parties. Volume 7). Droste, Düsseldorf 1995, ISBN 3-7700-5192-0 (short version online as a biography of Georg Schumacher (politician, 1844) . In: Wilhelm H. Schröder : Social Democratic Parliamentarians in the German Reich and Landtag 1876–1933 (BIOSOP) ) .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Bert Andréas : Unknown and forgotten by Friedrich Engels . In: Friedrich Engels 1820–1970. Papers, theses, documents . Verlag für Literatur und Zeitgeschehen, Hannover 1971, p. 298.
  2. ^ Karl Kautsky, p. 273.
  3. Dieter Fricke, p. 586.
  4. Dieter Fricke, p. 33.
  5. Schumacher to Engels August 14, 1885 (excerpt printed in Marx-Engels-Werke . Volume 36, p. 806, footnote 509.) Schumacher to Engels July 28, 1885 (unprinted International Institute for Social History Amsterdam Marx-Engels-Papers L5638.)
  6. There were a total of 91 defendants and 400 witnesses. (August Bebel to Friedrich Engels October 17, 1889.)
  7. Official Reichstag manual, 9th legislative period, Berlin 1898, p. 239.
  8. ^ Marx-Engels works. Volume 36, p. 919.