Ernst Hasse

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Traugott Ernst Friedrich Hasse (born February 14, 1846 in Leulitz near Wurzen , † January 12, 1908 in Leipzig ) was a German university professor for statistics and colonial policy and a politician of the National Liberal Party .

Life

From 1860 to 1866 Hasse attended the Princely School of St. Afra in Meissen , from where he volunteered for the Saxon army to take part in the German war at the age of twenty . After a leave of absence from military service, he passed his Abitur at the Nikolaischule in Leipzig in 1867 , where he initially studied theology. After being transferred to the reserve, he studied economics and law and political science . In 1870 he was an officer in the Franco-Prussian War , was wounded and was involved in demobilization until 1873 . In 1874/75 he continued his studies in statistics in Berlin and left the military on application in 1875, where he had last served as a regimental adjutant . He was head of the statistical office of the city of Leipzig, where he received his doctorate in 1878 and completed his habilitation in 1885 . In 1886 he became an associate professor and read statistics and, from 1888, colonial policy. He was a member of the board of directors of the German Colonial Society and was executive chairman of the Pan-German Association from 1893 to 1908 . From 1893 to 1903 he was a member of the Reichstag as a member of the National Liberal Party .

Political activity

Colonial policy

In 1878, Hasse founded a branch association of the Central Association for Commercial Geography and Promotion of German Interests Abroad (from 1890 Association for Commercial Geography and Colonial Policy ) in Leipzig , which in 1896 joined the German Colonial Society, which had existed since 1887. In the Foreign Office in the 1890s he was a member of the Colonial Council , which was formed as an advisory body to the Foreign Office and from there exercised influence on German colonial policy . Hasse called for an independent Reich Colonial Office , which was established in 1907. Oriented towards Heinrich von Treitschke , he advocated ethnic- national and imperialist goals. This included the acquisition and expansion of a German colonial empire, territorial expansion of the German Empire to become a leading power in Europe, naval and army armament, and the protection and promotion of Germanness abroad . As chairman of the Pan-German Association he called for the “ establishment of a German world state ” and saw for German imperialism a “ claim to exclusive control of the route from Hamburg to Constantinople and the confluence of the Euphrates and Tigris . "In the relevant article in the Saxon Biography , he is summarized as follows:" In his efforts to enforce Germany's position as a world power, if necessary also by military means, and with his programmatic writings, he undoubtedly belongs to the ranks of the intellectual pioneers of National Socialism . "

Population policy

In 1894, Hasse and a group of 32 members of the Reichstag campaigned for an amendment to the federal law of 1870 on Reich and citizenship . The aim was to reverse the loss of German nationality and citizenship after a long stay abroad and at the same time to prevent foreigners from being naturalized. Hasse justified the request by pointing out the changing demographic situation. He used statistical material to show how Germany became a country of immigration for people mainly of Slavic and Semitic origin from the East, while at the same time the German wave of emigration overseas continued. In order to preserve the “ homogeneity ” of the German people, Hasse wanted to encourage emigrants to return and renaturalize Germany, while at the same time the immigration of foreigners was prevented. Germans who have emigrated should be able to retain their second citizenship with the new citizenship acquired in the immigration country. In this way, the principle of descent should override the principle of birthplace when it comes to the question of nationality. In the reform of German citizenship law of 1913, many of these ideas, which had been advocated by Haase and other national-conservative politicians and publicists, were realized.

Hasse presented his ideas regarding the expansion of Germany because of its “ surplus of people's power ” (Hasse) in and beyond Central Europe in his three volumes “ Deutsche Politik ” (1905–1908), which were published by Julius Friedrich Lehmann in Munich. As early as 1895, Hasse had developed his ideas of border colonization based on Friedrich Ratzel in the second edition of the book " Greater Germany and Central Europe around 1950 " under a pseudonym and wrote that the German people planted their border posts to the east and south-east with " border colonization " because "there are no natural limits to the development of Germanness ". At the same time he also demanded the expulsion of the “ non-assimilated foreign bodies” ... ›in particular if these penetrating foreign bodies are inferior or are perceived as inferior. "In this he saw" what is justified in anti-Semitism ". In 1893 he also spoke out in the election campaign for a ban on ritual slaughter .

Meaning of hate for continental imperialism

In her book Elements and Origins of Total Domination, Hannah Arendt deals extensively with Ernst Hasse's contributions to the theory of continental imperialism . Historical research has been blinded for too long by the "extraordinary successes of overseas imperialism" and has paid little attention to the pan-movement programs - pan- Germanism and pan-Slavism - for continental expansion. The reason for this is that continental imperialism, which sought “its colonial lands on the mainland, in direct connection to its home territory” (Ernst Hasse, 1908), only had failures to report. Instead, he had achieved something else, namely to have contributed much more directly to the downfall of the traditional nation-state than "the overseas adventurers of English, Belgian, Dutch and French imperialism" could have done. From the middle of the 1880s the pan movements and their demands had become virulent because the peoples of Central and Eastern Europe were to remain excluded from the redistribution of the earth. Ernst Hasse emphasized in his “ German Politics ” that the peoples of Central Europe “had the same right as other great peoples [to] expand, and if this opportunity was made difficult [for them] overseas, they [would] be forced to stay in To operate Europe ”(Ernst Hasse). Pan-Germans and Pan-Slavists agreed that “mainland peoples” who lived in “mainland states” had to divide in Europe into “intermediate countries”, populated by “insignificant peoples”. Hasse was convinced that in continental imperialism the consequences of overseas imperialist methods and ideas of domination would be felt more directly by not the "natives" of foreign continents, but "the Europeans of foreign tribes living among us, i.e. the Poles, Czechs, Jews and Italians, etc. . to be condemned to [the] helot position ”(Ernst Hasse). If this does not succeed, slave peoples are to be imported into Europe, provided that the “German master people” stand out from the oppressed races.

According to Arendt, it was "reserved for continental imperialism to translate race ideology directly into politics" and to assert with Ernst Hasse: "Germany's future is in the blood".

Works

  • History of the Leipzig trade fairs . Award papers crowned and published by the Fürstlich Jablonowski'schen Gesellschaft zu Leipzig, No. 17 of the Historical-Economic Section, Volume 25, Verlag Hirzel, Leipzig 1885 ( digitized )
  • News about the Hasse family and some related families. Engelmann, Leipzig 1903. Digitized

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Lectures in Leipzig
  2. ^ Ernst Hasse: world politics, imperialism and colonial politics. In: German Politics. Volume II, Issue 1, Lehmann Verlag, Munich 1908.
  3. ↑ Gerald Kolditz: Hasse, Ernst Traugott Friedrich. In: Saxon Biography. ed. from the Institute for Saxon History and Folklore eV, arr. by Martina Schattkowsky.
  4. ↑ Cf. on this Dieter Gosewinkel: Naturalization and Exclusion. The nationalization of citizenship from the German Confederation to the Federal Republic of Germany (= critical studies on historical science . ) Volume 150. 2nd edition, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2004, ISBN 978-3-525-35165-9 , pp. 278–281.
  5. ↑ Cf. on this Thomas Müller: Imaginierter Westen: The concept of the "German western area" in the national discourse between political romanticism and National Socialism. Transcript, Bielefeld 2009, ISBN 3-8376-1112-4 .
  6. ↑ See Klaus Thörner: The whole south-east is our hinterland . 1999, p. 179 (September 3, 2009).
  7. ↑ Hannah Arendt, Elements and Origins of Total Dominion. Anti-Semitism, imperialism, total domination . Piper, Munich-Zurich 1986, 8th edition 2001; ISBN 3-492-21032-5 , p. 476 f. (In the following, abbreviated to EuU.)
  8. ↑ EuU, p. 472.
  9. ↑ EuU, p. 474.
  10. ↑ EuU, p. 475 f. - See also Jürgen Förster, Concern for the world and freedom of action: On the institutional constitution of freedom in political thought Hannah Arendts , Königshausen & Neumann: Würzburg 2009, ISBN 3-8260-4047-3 , p. 105-112.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Hate, Ernst
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hasse, Ernst Traugott Friedrich (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German university professor and politician (NLP), MdR
DATE OF BIRTH February 14, 1846
PLACE OF BIRTH Leulitz near Wurzen
DATE OF DEATH January 12, 1908
Place of death Leipzig