Kolmar i. Poses
The Kolmar i. Posen (until 1877 the district of Chodziesen ) existed from 1818 to 1920 in the administrative district of Bromberg in the Prussian province of Posen . The seat of the district administration was the city of Kolmar i. Posen (until 1877 Chodziesen ). The district was located on the north-western edge of the Posen Province on both sides of the nets and is now part of the Polish Greater Poland Voivodeship .
From 1939 to 1945, the district in the German-occupied Poland was re-established under the name Kolmar District (Wartheland) as part of the newly established Reichsgau Wartheland .
Administrative history
The area around the cities Chodziesen and Schneidemühl belonged to the first partition of Poland from 1772 to 1807 the county German crown in Netzedistrict in the Prussian province of West Prussia .
Through the Peace of Tilsit , this area fell to the Duchy of Warsaw in 1807 and returned to Prussia after the Congress of Vienna on May 15, 1815. As part of the Prussian provincial authority ordinance of April 30, 1815 and its implementation provisions, the southern part of the old Deutsch Krone district became part of the Bromberg administrative district of the Posen province . The Czarnikau district was formed from this area on July 1, 1816 . In a further district reform in the province of Posen, the new district of Chodziesen was essentially formed from the eastern half of the district of Czarnikau with the addition of smaller parts of other districts on January 1, 1818 . The towns of Budsin , Chodziesen , Margonin , Samotschin , Schneidemühl and Usch , the domain offices Podstolitz and Zelgniewo (Selgenau) and a large number of noble estates were added to the district of Chodziesen . The seat of the district office was initially Schneidemühl and from 1821 Chodziesen.
As part of the Posen Province, the Chodziesen district became part of the newly founded German Empire on January 18, 1871 . In the Reichstag election in 1871 , the conservative candidate Adelbert von der Schulenburg-Filehne won . On March 6, 1877, the district and the district town were named after the then District Administrator Axel von Colmar in Kolmar i. Renamed Poses . On April 1, 1914, the town of Schneidemühl left the district and became a separate urban district .
On December 27, 1918, the Wielkopolska uprising of the Polish majority against German rule began in the province of Posen . At the beginning of January 1919, the district town of Kolmar was temporarily occupied by the Polish twice. Except for the south of the district around the city of Budsin, the Kolmar district remained under German control.
On February 16, 1919, an armistice ended the Polish-German fighting, and on June 28, 1919, the German government officially ceded three quarters of the district (898 km²) including the district town of Kolmar to newly founded Poland with the signing of the Versailles Treaty . On November 25, 1919, Germany and Poland concluded an agreement on the evacuation and surrender of the areas to be ceded, which was ratified on January 10, 1920. The area to be ceded was cleared and handed over to Poland between January 17 and February 4, 1920. The district town of Kolmar was taken over by Poland on January 19, 1920. From the largest part of the Kolmar i. Posen became the Polish powiat Chodzieski ; only the communities Schönfeld, Stöwen and Usch Hauland from the northern part of the district remained in the German Empire as did the urban district of Schneidemühl and came to the Prussian province of Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia . Schönfeld came to the Flatow district ; Stöwen and Usch Hauland came to the newly formed Netzekreis .
Expansion and population development
Until the departure of the town of Schneidemühl in 1914, the district had an area of 1193 km².
| year | Residents | source |
|---|---|---|
| 1818 | 22,898 | |
| 1846 | 45,718 | |
| 1871 | 52,750 | |
| 1890 | 60,057 | |
| 1900 | 66,843 | |
| 1910 | 76.020 |
At the 1905 census, 79% of the population were German, 18% Polish and 3% Jewish. Some of the German residents left the Polish powiat Chodzież after 1920 , their share of the district population sank to 28% by 1931.
politics
District administrators
- 1818–1834 by Stosch
- 1834–1846 white
- 1846–1861 Gustav von der Goltz (1799–1868)
- 1861–1868 Rudolf von Kehler (1827–1919)
- 1868–1869 Heinrich Banke ( provisional )
- 1869–1882 Axel von Colmar (1840–1911)
- 1882–1902 Leo von Schwichow (1836–1902)
- 1902–1919 Jobst Henrich von Plettenberg (1866–1921)
elections
In the German Empire, the districts of Kolmar and Czarnikau formed the Reichstag constituency Bromberg 1 within the boundaries of 1871 . With one exception, the constituency was always won by the Conservatives .
Municipal structure
The Kolmar district had six (five after the departure of Schneidemühl in 1914). The rural parishes and manor districts were grouped into police districts.
cities and communes
Before the First World War, the Kolmar district comprised the following cities and rural communities:
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Numerous manor districts also belonged to the district. At the beginning of the 20th century, several place names were Germanized:
- Borowo Hauland → forest valley
- Borowo → Waldberg
- Chrostowo → Hohendorf
- Heliodorowo → Helldorf
- Josephowo → Karlshöh
- Kowalewo → Schmiedenau
- Laskowo → Seefeld
- Motylewo → Küddowtal
- Ostrowke → Bismarck's fame
- Rownopole → Ebenfeld
- Strosewo Hauland → Hermstal
- Strosewo → Kirchdorf
- Sypniewo → Seeort
- Zbyschwitz → Bischwitz
The district of Kolmar (Wartheland) in occupied Poland
history
After the invasion of Poland in September 1939, the former district area was annexed by the German Reich on October 26, 1939 and became part of the district of Posen in the Reichsgau Wartheland as the district of Kolmar (Wartheland) . In 1939 the 86 localities of the district were initially combined into 22 administrative districts . On April 1, 1941, was the district of Colmar town to town after the German Municipal Code appointed in 1935, followed on April 1, 1942, the District Samotschin City and Usch City , on April 1, 1943, the District Margonin -Stadt and on July 1, 1943 Budsin City District . Towards the end of the occupation, the district consisted of five cities and 17 administrative districts.
According to an unpublished decree of the Minister of the Interior dated December 29, 1939, the German names valid in 1918 were initially used again. On May 18, 1943, German names were set for all places with a post or train station in Wartheland , although there were again deviations.
The district was occupied by the Red Army in January 1945 and became part of Poland again.
District administrators
- 1941–1945 Heinz Mell
Area and population
The district of Kolmar (Wartheland) had an area of 898 km² and in 1941 had 43,074 mostly Polish inhabitants. The German occupation authorities drove over 4,000 Poles from the area between December 1, 1939 and December 31, 1943. The Jewish population was deported to the General Government and murdered there. A German minority lived in the area, and Germans were also settled during the occupation. Towards the end of the Second World War , the Germans fled or were expelled .
literature
- Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State . 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 158-159, item 3.
- Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population. Edited and compiled from the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Part IV: The Province of Posen , Berlin 1874, pp. 152–157 ( e-copy, pp. 159-164 ).
- ACA Friedrich: Historical-geographical representation of old and new Poland . Berlin 1839, pp. 591-592.
- M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
- Martin Sprungala: The history of the Poznan districts and independent cities, Bad Bevensen 2007.
- Martin Sprungala: Historical Directory of the Province of Poznan and the Poznań Voivodeship (Poznan), Bad Bevensen 2007.
- Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch : The Prussian state in all its relationships . Volume 3, Berlin 1837, pp. 169–170, Textarchiv - Internet Archive .
- Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch : The state forces of the Prussian monarchy under Friedrich Wilhelm III .. Volume 2, part 1, Berlin 1828, p. 113-114, item II.
Web links
- Kolmar i. Poznan administrative history and the district administrators on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of August 18, 2013.
Individual evidence
- ^ Map of the administrative boundaries in West and East Prussia (Max Töppen, 1772)
- ↑ Official Gazette of the Royal Prussian Government in Bromberg 1816, No. 21, page 244, digitized version
- ↑ a b Walther Hubatsch (Ed.): Outline of German administrative history 1815–1945. Johann Gottfried Herder Institute, Marburg / Lahn; Volume 2, Part 1: Province of Poznan. edited by Dieter Stüttgen, 1975, ISBN 3-87969-109-6
- ↑ Official Gazette of the Royal Prussian Government in Bromberg 1817, No. 51, page 839, digitized version
- ^ Christian Gottfried Daniel Stein: Handbook of Geography and Statistics of the Prussian State . Vossische Buchhandlung, Berlin 1819, p. 320 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin . tape 2 : Population of the districts , p. 311 ( digitized version ).
- ^ The municipalities and manors of the Poznan Province and their population in 1871
- ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Kolmar district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Historia miasta. margonin.pl
- ↑ Database of members of the Reichstag ( memento of the original from January 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Victory candidates in the Reichstag elections in the Czarnikau – Kolmar constituency
- ↑ a b municipal register 1910 with population figures
Administrative districts: Bromberg | Poses
Districts: Poznan | Bromberg | Schneidemühl
Districts: Adelnau | Pear tree | Bomb | Bromberg | Czarnikau | Filehne | Fraustadt | Gostyn | Gniezno | Grätz | Hohensalza (formerly Inowrazlaw ) | Jarotschin | Kempen i. Poses | Kolmar i. Posen (formerly Chodziesen ) | Koshmin | Cost | Krotoschin | Lissa | Meseritz | Mogilno | Neuto Mischel | Obornik | Ostrowo | Pleschen | Poznan East | Poznan West | Rawitsch | Samter | Schildberg | Schmiegel | Schrimm | Schroda | Schubin | Schwerin an der Warthe | Strelno | We seat | Witkowo | Wongrowitz (formerly Wongrowiec ) | Wreschen (formerly Peysern ) | Tin