Krotoszyn

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Krotoszyn
Krotoszyn coat of arms
Krotoszyn (Poland)
Krotoszyn
Krotoszyn
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Greater Poland
Powiat : Krotoszyn
Area : 22.5  km²
Geographic location : 51 ° 41 ′  N , 17 ° 26 ′  E Coordinates: 51 ° 41 ′ 0 ″  N , 17 ° 26 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 130 m npm
Residents : 28,845
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 63-700 do 63-710
Telephone code : (+48) 62
License plate : PKR
Economy and Transport
Rail route : Ostrów Wielkopolski – Leszno
Oleśnica – Jarocin
Next international airport : Wroclaw
Poznań-Ławica
Gmina
Gminatype: Urban and rural municipality
Surface: 256.0 km²
Residents: 40,350
(June 30, 2019)
Population density : 158 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 3012043
Administration (as of 2016)
Mayor : Franciszek Marszałek
Address: ul. Kołłątaja 7
63-700 Krotoszyn
Website : www.krotoszyn.pl



Listen to Krotoszyn [ krɔˈtɔʃɨn ] ? / i ( German Krotoschin , older also Krote ) is the district town of the Powiat Krotoszyński in the Greater Poland Voivodeship . Audio file / audio sample

City arms

The coat of arms of Krotoszyn shows two crossed silver Saint Peter keys in the blue field , with three gold stars between the keys. The upper star is covered with a silver rose.

Timeline to history

Krotoschin, south of the city of Poznan and not far from the border with Silesia , on a map of the province of Poznan from 1905 (areas marked in yellow indicate areas with a predominantly Polish- speaking population at the time ).

Prehistoric time

Finds of tools from the Mesolithic testify that the Krotoszyner Land was as early as 8300 BC. Was inhabited by humans. Around 1450 BC A large necropolis with many burial mounds was created near the present city.

From the Middle Ages to 1792

Church of St. Mary Magdalene, built as a wooden church around 1755

In 1405 the village "Crothoszino" was mentioned for the first time. In 1415 King Władysław II granted Jagiełło Krotoszyn town rights . Since then, the city has been owned by two noble families: those of "Krotoski" and "Niewieski". From then until 1792 Krotoszyn belonged to the Kalisz Voivodeship . In 1419 the landlord Krotoski built the Gothic parish church of Saints Peter and Paul near his castle. In 1453 a great fire broke out in the city, which was devastating. In 1526 the Niewieski family took over the whole town, which at that time had about 400 inhabitants. In 1548 a large group of Bohemian brothers who had to flee from the persecution in their homeland settled in Krotoszyn. In 1584 the magnate family “Rozdrażewski” took over the rule of Krotoszyn and ruled there until 1685. In 1574 Barbara Rozdrażewska founded the city hospital . In 1578 there were 60 craftsmen and six pubs in Krotoszyn. In 1597 the prayer house of the Bohemian Brethren was built. In 1628 a large group of refugees who had to flee from Germany , which was devastated by the Thirty Years' War , settled in the city. At that time Krotoszyn had 400 houses and about 2000 inhabitants. In 1655 the city was sacked and burned down during the Swedish War.

In 1667 the local shooting club was founded. It still existed in 2005. In 1673 the landlady Katarzyna Rozdrażewska issued a privilege for the Krotoszyn Jews , who built the first synagogue that year . In 1689 the first town hall was built in the Baroque style . The last witch trial took place on October 7, 1690, when three women from the Krotoszyn area were burned at the stake . From 1708 to 1710 the plague broke out in the city and around 1500 people died. In 1731 the new landlord, voivode of Kiev and grand hetman of Poland "Józef Potocki" called the Trinitarians to Krotoszyn and built a monastery for them at the city parish church. The city had 4,000 inhabitants at that time and had around 50 windmills . In 1752 a post office was opened on the Warsaw - Kalisz - Rawitsch - Dresden route. Another fire in 1774 destroyed the entire ring and the eastern part of the city. In 1779 King Frederick the Great bought the Krotoszyn estate. At that time the city had 16 weaving workshops, among other things, which were operated by settlers from neighboring Silesia .

The first Prussian and Napoleonic times

In 1792 the Protestant church was built in the classicism style. An evangelical school and a parish hall were also built. In 1793 Krotoszyn became a district town in the new province of South Prussia . The district includes 187 localities. At that time the city had 4,318 inhabitants. In 1804 the Prussian authorities founded four German villages near the city: "Hellefeld", "Rosenfeld", "Heinrichsfeld" and "Haugfeld", which were settled with colonists from Württemberg . In 1806 Greater Poland was occupied by Napoleon's troops. From 1807 to 1815 Krotoszyn belonged to the Duchy of Warsaw .

Second Prussian period

In 1815 Krotoszyn came back to Prussia as a district town in the province of Posen . In 1819 the rule of Krotoszyn was taken over by Prince Karl Alexander von Thurn und Taxis , who was given the title "Prince of Krotoszyn" (so spelled). At that time the city had 5,142 inhabitants and a garrison of 245 soldiers. In 1834 the landlords lost their jurisdiction in the city. In 1834, after the secularization of the monasteries in Prussia, a "district school" was opened in the building of the former Trinitarian monastery. It was the first secondary school in the city, which was later converted into a grammar school. At the same time, a girls' school was also founded. Krotoszyn had 6,266 inhabitants at that time. After another major fire broke out in the city in 1841 and most of the wooden houses were destroyed, the new houses were built from bricks. On April 1, 1844, the first newspaper “Kreisblatt und Anzeiger für die Kreis und Stadt Krotoschin” appeared. In 1846 the synagogue was rebuilt. In 1850 Krotoschin had 7,678 inhabitants and was the fourth largest city in the Poznan administrative district . Four doctors had practices in town. The garrison numbered 700 soldiers.

In 1865 the city got a gas pipeline network. In 1871 the open nationality war between Poles and Germans began. The Poles founded associations and banks (Sankt-Joseph-Industrieverein and Polnische Volksbank 1872), which offered resistance to the Germanization efforts of the authorities. On June 30th 1875 the railway line Jarotschin - Oels was opened and contributed to the rapid development of Krotoschin. In 1880 the city had 9,891 inhabitants, 41 restaurants and pubs and 14 industrial operations, including four brickworks and two breweries. On October 1, 1888, the railway line between Lissa and Ostrowo was opened. In 1894 the synagogue was renovated and also got an organ . In 1898 a new, large barracks was built. In 1905 the city now had 12,669 inhabitants. Around this time, many new German colonists also settled in the villages near Krotoschin. In 1907 the second Polish bank, the Polish Savings Bank , was founded. In 1908 a section of the Polish national gymnastics club "Sokół" ("Falcon") was established in the city. The first automobile appeared in Krotoschin in 1910 . At that time the city had 13,219 inhabitants. On November 24, 1918, the newly formed Polish District Council took power in the city.

Second Polish Republic

On January 1, 1919, a Polish armored train came to Krotoszyn. In addition, negotiations were held with the German soldiers' council in the barracks to disarm the garrison. The German officials were released five days later. The Polish forces took over their functions. From February 6 to 21, 1919, fierce fighting raged with the German Freikorps , which attacked from Silesia. On March 25, 1919, the elections for the Polish city council took place. In 1921 Krotoszyn had only 11,065 inhabitants because many Germans, especially Protestants and Jews, had left the city. The municipal power station was built between 1927 and 1928 . In addition, Prince Albert von Thurn und Taxis was expropriated for compensation, and the Krotoszyn rule was dissolved after 500 years of existence. In 1931 the city had 12,692 inhabitants. The urban area covered 22.13 km². In 1938 the sewer network was built. In 1939 Krotoszyn had 14,135 inhabitants.

In World War II

On September 1, 1939, the city was attacked by heavy fire from German artillery. Among other things, the courthouse, the post office, the train station and the parish church were damaged. On September 2, 1939, a train carrying evacuated residents of Krotoschin in Koło was bombed, killing around 300 people. On September 3, 1939, the Polish 56th Infantry Regiment defending the city surrendered. The Wehrmacht took the city. 4,500 Polish prisoners of war were interned in the barracks , and provisional German authorities took over the administration of the city. From 1939 to 1945, the city, which was incorporated into the “Greater German Reich”, experienced brutal Germanization measures. Around 10,000 Polish and Jewish residents were expelled , and German colonists from the Baltic States , Volhynia and the Ukraine settled. In 1940 the district command of the Polish resistance army was established . In 1943, Polish resistance groups organized secret school lessons for children and young people. On January 23, 1945, units of the 4th Soviet Tank Army took the city. If the German residents had not fled before the end of the war, they were subsequently expelled .

post war period

In 1946 volunteers from Krotoszyn helped organize the Polish administration a. a. in Milicz , Gorzów Wielkopolski and Pyrzyce . The city had 13,748 inhabitants. Industry developed in the city between 1950 and 1955. The food industry in particular took off. In 1957 the Krotoszyner Land Regional Museum was built. In 1975 Krotoszyn had 23,418 inhabitants. In that year the city lost its rank as a district town and became a municipality in the newly created Kalisz Voivodeship . In January 1975 the new city library was opened. In 1978 city buses began to operate. In 1987 the railway lines to Ostrów Wielkopolski , Jarotschin and Oleśnica were electrified. In the 1989 elections to the Sejm, the overwhelming majority of the city's residents voted for Solidarność's candidates . In 1999 the Kalisz Voivodeship was abolished, and Krotoszyn was once again a county seat in the Greater Poland Voivodeship . In 2001 the city received the flag of honor of the Council of Europe . In 2002 the city received the highest award of the Wielkopolska Economic Council as “the city with the most developed information technology ”. In 2004 the railway line to Oleśnica was closed despite protests from Krotoszynica.

Population development

year Residents Remarks
End of 18th century 3427 including 1074 Jews and ~ 570 Poles
1816 4227
1837 6337
1843 6750
1858 7688
1861 8459
1885 9894 4822 Catholics, 3995 Protestants and 1074 Jews in 712 residential buildings
1905 12665 thereof 7141 Catholics, 4996 Protestants and 525 Jews in 815 residential buildings (6588 Germans)

Attractions

city

Krotoszyn Town Hall at night
  • Town hall, built around 1689 and rebuilt in the historicism style in 1898
  • Castle, originally built in the Baroque around 1692 and rebuilt in the classicism style in 1820
  • Parish church of St. John the Baptist, built around 1592 ( late Gothic and Renaissance )
  • Former hospital church for Saints Fabian and Sebastian, built as a wooden church around 1572
  • Church of St. Mary Magdalene, built as a wooden church around 1755
  • Former parish church of Saints Peter and Paul (including monastery), built around 1767 in the Baroque era
  • Former Protestant church to 1788-1792 in the classical style built, completed in 1884 to create towers today (as of 2011) as a Catholic parish church of the Holy Andrew Bobola used

Surroundings

The area is an ensemble of aristocratic palace and landscape park in Dobrzyca , which is about 20 km northeast of the city.

traffic

Krotoszyn is on the Oleśnica – Chojnice and Łódź – Forst (Lausitz) railway lines . There used to be a circular path .

Gmina

The following localities belong to the urban and rural municipality Krotoszyn:

Surname German name
(1815-1919)		 German name
(1939-1945)
Baszyny Bashin Bashin
Benice Benice Benitz
Biadki Biadki 1939–1943 Biadke
1943–1945 Battken
Bożacin Bozacin 1939–1943 Bosatschin
1943–1945 Bosenstein
Brzoza Brzoza Brzoza
Chwaliszew Chwaliszew Chwalishev
Durzyn Durzyn 1939–1943 Durzyn
1943–1945 Durschin
Duszna Górka Karlstein Karlstein
Dzierżanów Dzierzanow 1939–1943 Dschiersanow
1943–1945 Derschenau
Gorzupia Gorzupia 1939–1943 Gorsupia
1943–1945 Franzensfeld
Janów Hanswalde Hanswalde
Jasne Pole Hellefeld Hellefeld
Kobierno Kobierno 1939–1943 Kobierno
1943–1945 Köbern
Krotoszyn Krotoschin Krotoschin
Lutogniev Lutogniewo
1907-1919 Margarethendorf 		Margaretendorf
Nowy Folwark Neuvorwerk Neuvorwerk
Orpiszew Orpischewo 1939–1943 Orpischewo
1943–1945 Sonnenfeld
Osusz Osusch Osusch
Raciborów Raciborowo Raciborowo
Romanów Romanov 1939–1943 Romanow
1943–1945 Romansfelde
Roszki Roshki 1939–1943 Roschki
1943–1945 Roschken
Różopole Rose field Rose field
Smoszew Smoszew Schmoschew
Świnków Swinkow Schwinkow
Tomnice Tomnice
1907-1919 Tomnitz 		Tomnitz
Unislaw Unislaw Unislau
Ustków Ustkow Ustkow
Wielowieś Wielowies 1939–1943 Wielowies
1943–1945 Wiele
Wronów Wronow 1939–1943 Wronow
1943–1945 Wornau
Wróżewy Wruzew
1907-1919 Sagenhof 		Sagenhof

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities associated with the city

School system

The city of Krotoszyn has a branch of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Faculty of Chemistry , and a management school of the Poznan University of Commerce.

The city also has five grammar schools , one of which is a technical grammar school, and five adult grammar schools. In addition, German, English and French are mainly taught at four private language schools. Physically handicapped people are taught in three special schools. A music school, four elementary schools and six kindergartens are also part of the city's school system.

Industry

The city has a machine industry, a furniture industry, a building materials industry, and a food industry. In addition to the larger ones in Krotoszyn, there are 2,700 one-man companies.

Sister cities or municipalities

The twin towns and municipalities of Krotoszyn are Dierdorf from the Federal Republic of Germany , Fontenay Le Comte from France , Mejschagola from Lithuania and Brummen from the Netherlands .

Since July 9, 2016, a city partnership with the Japanese city of Okinoshima has existed in the presence of the Japanese ambassador to Japan, Matsutomi Shigei, in the town hall of Krotoszyn . The central connecting element of this city partnership is sumo .

literature

  • Heinrich Wuttke : City book of the country Posen. Codex diplomaticus: General history of the cities in the region of Poznan. Historical news from 149 individual cities . Leipzig 1864, pp. 347-348.
  • D. Kosiński (Ed.): Krotoszyn , 1–2, Poznań 1996
  • K. Krotoski, Dzieje miasta Krotoszyna , Krotoszyn 1930

Web links

Commons : Krotoszyn  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ↑ http://mapy.mzk.cz/mzk03/001/053/483/2619316831/
  3. ↑ The existence of a grammar school is documented for the year 1883. [1] www.digital.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de, accessed on February 28, 2011
  4. ↑ a b c d e f Heinrich Wuttke : City book of the country of Posen. Codex diplomaticus: General history of the cities in the region of Poznan. Historical news from 149 individual cities . Leipzig 1864, pp. 347-348.
  5. ^ Community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia. Based on materials from the census of December 1, 1885 and other official sources. Booklet V. Poznan Province . Berlin 1888, p. 142-143 .
  6. ^ Community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia. Based on materials from the census of December 1, 1905 and other official sources. Booklet V. Poznan Province . Berlin 1908, p. 82-83 .
  7. ^ German biography