Milicz
Milicz | ||
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Basic data | ||
State : | Poland | |
Voivodeship : | Lower Silesia | |
Powiat : | Milicz | |
Area : | 13.50 km² | |
Geographic location : | 51 ° 32 ′ N , 17 ° 17 ′ E | |
Residents : | 11,304 (June 30, 2019) |
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Postal code : | 56-300 | |
Telephone code : | (+48) 71 | |
License plate : | DMI | |
Economy and Transport | ||
Street : | Krotoszyn - Wroclaw | |
Rail route : | Oleśnica – Chojnice | |
Next international airport : | Wroclaw | |
Gmina | ||
Gminatype: | Urban and rural municipality | |
Gmina structure: | 91 localities | |
52 school authorities | ||
Surface: | 435.61 km² | |
Residents: | 24,172 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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Population density : | 55 inhabitants / km² | |
Community number ( GUS ): | 0213033 | |
Administration (as of 2007) | ||
Mayor : | Jacek Supeł | |
Address: | ul. Trzebnicka 2 56-300 Milicz |
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Website : | www.milicz.pl |
Milicz [ ˈmʲiliʧ ] ( German Militsch ) is a town in the powiat Milicki in the Polish Voivodeship of Lower Silesia with about 12,000 inhabitants.
Geographical location
The small town is located on the Bartsch ( Barycz ) in Lower Silesia , about 55 km north-northeast of Wroclaw .
history
Time of the Silesian Piasts
The first settlement is likely to have occurred in the 11th century. Miliche Castle is mentioned in a bull by Pope Innocent II as early as 1136 as the property of the Diocese of Breslau . In 1223 Militsch owned a parish church. In the 12th century it was the seat of a castellany the Piast , 1245, the survey was conducted for the city. In 1331 the city fell temporarily to Bohemia , and in 1358 the city and castle were sold by the Wroclaw bishops to the Piasts from Oels , who built the Gothic castle in today's castle park.
Under the crown of Bohemia
In 1492 the last Piastic Duke of Oels died and the little country was confiscated as a settled fief from King Vladislav II Jagiellonicus . In 1494 the king gave Militsch to his chamberlain Sigismund III. Kurzbach . He had already received Trachenberg (today Żmigród ) from his king in 1492 . Both lords were united to form a free class rule , the first in Silesia.
After Sigismund's death, the estates were divided between his sons and two mini-states emerged, the Trachenberg and Militsch territories. The Kurzbach vigorously pursued the German colonization of the previously sparsely populated, mainly Polish country, by recruiting many farmers from Swabia ; Under the Kurzbach, the Militscher Land became the Silesian center of carp breeding, many huge ponds were created, the largest of which had an area of 500 hectares. The last heiress of the free class regime, Eva Popelia Kurzbach b. Countess von Lobkowitz , ceded her inheritance to her husband Joachim von Maltzan in 1591 . Thus, the rule passed to the Maltzan family, with whom it remained until 1945.
Under the crown of Prussia
With the preliminary peace in Breslau , Silesia became Prussian in 1742 . The lords of Militsch were active as industrial founders by creating several cloth manufacturers and other textile companies. The Maltzans also built the Protestant Gnadenkirche, the baroque castle and the Catholic Church of St. Anne. From 1816 Militsch was the seat of the Militsch district of the same name . The 19th century brought further development to the city: In 1809 the Maltzan lost their feudal rights, and by 1850 Militsch owned a new town hall (destroyed in 1945 when the Red Army marched in), sewerage and water pipes.
In 1875 the city received railway connections with Oels , Breslau and Krotoschin , about 20 years later also a narrow-gauge railway , which the city u. a. associated with Trebnitz , Trachenberg and Breslau. Around 1900 Militsch had a Protestant church of grace from 1709, a Catholic and an Old Lutheran church, a synagogue and a district court. Until 1945 Militsch belonged in the German Reich to the district Militsch in district Breslau the Prussian province of Lower Silesia .
1945 until today
At the end of World War II , the Red Army captured Militsch in January 1945 . The residents had previously been evacuated. The art treasures in the castle, Germany's largest collection of wall clocks, a large collection of copper engravings (value in 1914: 13 million marks ), a picture gallery and a rich library, were transported to the Soviet Union as looted art , unless the Maltzans did it to Austria in 1944 or had transferred West Germany. On the other hand, Maria Countess von Maltzan tells in her memories Beat the drum and don't be afraid that nothing could be saved. Soviet soldiers were stationed in the city for months. They looted the graves of Count Andreas († 1921) and his wife and scattered their bones in the palace gardens. In March 1945 the Soviet Union placed Militsch, like all of Lower Silesia, under the administration of the People's Republic of Poland .
She introduced the Polish place name Milicz for Militsch and drove out the returned residents until 1947. In their place came Poles , some of whom had themselves been expelled from eastern Poland .
The city was the seat of the Powiat Milicki ( Militscher District ) until 1975 , then until 1999 an urban and rural municipality in the Wroclaw Voivodeship . Since 2000 the city has been a district town again.
Population development until 1945
year | Residents | Remarks |
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1803 | 1,332 | |
1810 | 1,896 | |
1816 | 2,097 | 1,600 Protestants, 428 Catholics and 69 Jews |
1821 | 2.110 | |
1825 | 2,207 | including 453 Catholics and 60 Jews |
1840 | 2,231 | 1,839 Protestants, 297 Catholics and 95 Jews |
1875 | 3,385 | |
1880 | 3,486 | |
1890 | 3,822 | including 2,993 Evangelicals, 690 Catholics and 139 Jews |
1905 | 3,692 | (with the garrison consisting of four squadrons of Uhlans from Regiment No. 1), mostly Evangelicals |
1933 | 4,579 | |
1939 | 5,402 |
year | Residents | Remarks |
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2009 | 11,899 |
Attractions
- Militsch Castle , seat of the free civil rule of the Counts von Maltzan , Baroque and Classicism , 18th century, built by Carl Gottfried Geißler ;
- Ruins of the Gothic castle of the Piast von Oels , 14th century (in the castle park, blown up in World War II);
- Castle Park, around 1800, the first English park in Silesia;
- Gnadenkirche , today parish church of St. Andreas Bobola , former Protestant church of grace of the Holy Cross, 1709–1714, half-timbered building , baroque and rococo ;
- Parish Church of the Holy Archangel Michael , before 1945 the city's Catholic parish church, Classicism, 1821.
- St. Anne's Church
traffic
The town has a railway station on the Oleśnica – Chojnice railway line that is no longer used for passenger transport, and there used to be a circular railway .
Twin cities
- Lohr am Main , Bavaria (since 2001)
- Wurzen , Saxony
- Springe , Lower Saxony (friendship between cities)
Municipality (Gmina)
Milicz is one of the largest municipalities ( Gmina ) in Poland. It has an area of 435.6 km². 41% of the municipal area is used for agriculture, 43% is covered with forest.
The population is engaged in agriculture and forestry.
Residents
The town of Milicz has 11,899 and the parish has a total of 24,341.
education
The Milicz municipality has two high schools (liceum), four middle schools (gimnazjum), seven elementary schools (Szkoła podstawowa) and a kindergarten (Przedszkole).
Sołectwo
Milicz comprises 91 localities, which are grouped into 52 Sołectwo (school offices).
- Baranowice (New Barnitz)
- Bartniki (Bartnig)
- Borzynowo (Borsinowe)
- Brzezina Sułowska (Breschine-Sulau , 1936–1945 Birkweiler)
- Czatkowice ( Tschotschwitz , 1939–1945 Brandetal)
- Duchowo (Duchawe , 1936–1945 vineyards)
- Dunkowa (Donkawe , 1937–1945 free hooves)
- Godnowa (Goidinowe , 1939–1945 Amwald)
- Gogołowice (Gugelwitz)
- Grabownica (Grabofnitze , 1935–1945 Buchendorf)
- Grabówka (Grabofke , 1939–1945 Buchenhagen)
- Gruszeczka (pear trees)
- Gądkowice (Gontkowitz , 1937–1945 Schönkirch)
- Henrykowice (Heinrichsdorf)
- Joachimówka (Joachim's Hammer )
- Kaszowo (Kassawe , 1939–1945 Thomasort)
- Kolęda (Kollande)
- Kąty (Konte Stud)
- Latkowa (Liatkawe , 1937–1945 Laubendorf)
- Łąki (Lunke)
- Milicz (Militsch), town hall
- Miłochowice (Melochwitz , 1936–1945 Mühlhagen)
- Miłosławice (Mislawitz , 1937–1945 Schwertfelde)
- Młodzianów (Idahof)
- Niesułowice (Nesselwitz)
- Nowy Zamek (New Castle)
- Olsza (Ollsche , 1939–1945 Erlendorf)
- Ostrowąsy (Nieder-Wiesenthal)
- Piotrkosice (Peterkaschütz , 1937–1945 Lachmannshofen)
- Piękocin (Neuwalde)
- Poradów (Paradawe , 1936–1945 Neufelde)
- Postolin (Postel)
- Potasznia (Podash)
- Pracze (Protsch , 1937–1945 Kiefernwalde)
- Ruda Milicka (Althammer-Militsch)
- Ruda Sułowska (Hammer-Sulau)
- Sławoszowice (Schlabitz , 1935–1945 Rudolfsdorf)
- Słączno (Schlenz)
- Stawiec (Steffitz)
- Sulimierz (Neudorf-Sulau)
- Sułów (Sulau)
- Świętoszyn (Schwentroschine , 1939–1945 Waldheide)
- Tworzymirki (Groß Tworsimirke , 1939–1945 Eichdorf)
- Tworzymirki Górne (Klein Tworsimirke , 1939–1945 Lindental)
- Wałkowa (Wallkawe , 1936–1945 Walken)
- Wielgie Milickie (Gorke , 1939–1945 Wehlige)
- Wilkowo (Willkowe , 1936–1945 Wolfsbruch)
- Wodników Górny (Ober-Wiesenthal)
- Wrocławice (Breslawitz , 1939–1945 Burgwall)
- Wróbliniec ( wilderness )
- Wszewilki (brick barn)
- Wziąchowo Małe (Klein Tschunkawe , 1936–1945 Prussia)
- Wziąchowo Wielkie (Groß Tschunkawe , 1936–1945 Preussental)
- Węgrzynów (Wangersinawe , 1936–1945 Wenkendorf)
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Heinrich Wilhelm von Wutginau (1697–1776), general of the infantry
- Friedrich Heinrich Florian Guhr (1791–1841), composer
- Agnes Franz (1794–1843), writer
- Johann Gottlieb Langner (1814–1877), transport company
- Oskar von Heydebrand und der Lasa (1815–1888), manor owner, politician, member of the Prussian House of Representatives
- Paul Sprigade (1863–1928), cartographer
- Arthur Gabriel (1865–1924), gynecologist and medical officer
- Alfons Pilzecker (1865–1949), psychologist
- Oskar Obier (1876–1952), impressionist painter
- Hans Schubert (1884–1961), Prussian state archivist and historian
- Edwin Graf von Rothkirch und Trach (1888–1980), general of the cavalry, show jumper
- Maria Countess von Maltzan (1909–1997), biologist and resistance fighter
- Barbara von Richthofen (1919–2019), deaconess and head of deaconess
- Horst Bartnig (* 1936), painter
Personalities with a connection to the city
- Heinrich von Salisch (1846–1920), landlord in Postel, transformed his forest property there into a model forest area and died in Postel
- Walter von Reichenau (1884–1942), German Field Marshal General, brother-in-law of Maria Countess von Maltzan, married Alix von Maltzan in 1919 in the Gnadenkirche
literature
- in order of appearance
- Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, towns and other places of the royal family. Prussia. Province of Silesia, including the Margraviate of Upper Lusatia, which now belongs entirely to the province, and the County of Glatz; together with the attached evidence of the division of the country into the various branches of civil administration . Breslau 1830, pp. 969-967.
- Karl August Müller: Patriotic images, or history and description of all castles and knight palaces in Silesia and the county of Glatz. Second edition, Glogau 1844, pp. 198–204.
- Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, towns, cities and other places of the royal family. Preusz. Province of Silesia . 2nd edition, Breslau 1845, pp. 872–873.
- Fritz Bloch : The Jews in Militsch. A chapter in the history of the settlement of Jews in Silesia , Breslau 1926
- Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 .
- Maria Countess von Maltzan , beat the drum and do not be afraid. Memories , Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main and Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-548-20941-6
- Klaus Ullmann, Silesian Lexicon. Wuerzburg 1992
Web links
- Homepage of the city of Milicz (Polish)
- Christian-Erdmann Schott : Militsch (Milicz). on kulturwerk-schlesien.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 13, Leipzig / Vienna 1908, p. 836.
- ↑ "A tragedy on both sides" . Article by Roswitha Oschmann, General-Anzeiger (Bonn) from January 14, 2011
- ↑ Dz.U. 1975 no 17 poz. 92 ( Memento from April 8, 2009 on WebCite ) (Polish)
- ↑ a b c d Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 338–379, item 441.
- ^ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, towns and other places of the royal family. Prussia. Province of Silesia, including the Margraviate of Upper Lusatia, which now belongs entirely to the province, and the County of Glatz; together with the attached evidence of the division of the country into the various branches of civil administration . Breslau 1830, pp. 969-967.
- ^ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Preusz. Province of Silesia . 2nd edition, Breslau 1845, pp. 872–873.
- ↑ a b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Militsch district (Polish Milicz). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ a b Główny Urząd Statystyczny, "LUDNOŚĆ - STAN I STRUKTURA W PRZEKROJU TERYTORIALNYM" ( Memento of May 15, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) as of June 30, 2010
- ↑ Entry about the twin cities on the homepage of the city of Springe. Retrieved on April 23, 2019, 9:49 pm
- ↑ regioste.pl (pl / en)