Dobrzyca
| Dobrzyca | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Greater Poland | ||
| Powiat : | Pleszew | ||
| Geographic location : | 51 ° 52 ' N , 17 ° 37' E | ||
| Height : | 132 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 3130 (June 30, 2019) |
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| Postal code : | 63-330 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 62 | ||
| License plate : | PPL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Next international airport : | Poznan-Ławica | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Urban and rural municipality | ||
| Gmina structure: | 19 localities | ||
| 17 school authorities | |||
| Surface: | 117.00 km² | ||
| Residents: | 8158 (June 30, 2019) |
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| Population density : | 70 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 3020033 | ||
| Administration (as of 2015) | |||
| Mayor : | Jarosław Piotr Pietrzak | ||
| Address: | Rynek 14 63-330 Dobrzyca |
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| Website : | www.dobrzyca.bazagmin.pl | ||
Dobrzyca [ dɔ'bʒɨtsa ] (German Dobrzyca , in the 20th century Dobberschütz ) is a city in the western part of Poland and the seat of the urban and rural municipality of the same name (gmina miejsko-wiejska) in the Greater Poland Voivodeship .
Geographical location
The city is located about 90 km southeast of Poznan and 15 km southeast of Jarocin and 25 km northeast of Krotoszyn on a fertile plateau and belongs to the powiat Pleszewski .
history
The first written mention of Dobrzyca came in 1327, when the noble Mikołaj Dobrzycki was officially certified to own the place. In 1440, the young king Władysław III. of Varna the place in southern Greater Poland city rights. Dobrzyca lost this status again in 1934.
The small town lived primarily from handicrafts and had no more than about 1000 inhabitants until the 18th century. In the 17th century, Dobrzyca was destroyed by Swedish troops. In 1655 Hetman Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski, the leader of a nobility revolt against King John II Casimir , retreated to the Greater Poland hinterland after defeating the royal troops near Częstochowa and opened his headquarters in Dobrzyca.
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In 1717 the Dobrzycki family died out and the wealthy landed aristocrat Aleksander Gorzeński acquired the town. His grandson, General Augustyn Gorzeński, adjutant of King Stanislaus II. August Poniatowski , member of the Sejm and co-creator of the constitution of May 3 (1791), brought about a revitalization of the city's economy from 1772 and began the renovation of the old castle from 1795 Dobrzyca to a contemporary and befitting aristocratic palace with an extensive landscape park.
As a result of the partitions of Poland , Dobrzyca came under Prussian rule from 1793 . On March 24, 1803, the place received approval for its own Protestant parish . The city and its goods changed hands several times in the course of the 19th century before the bibliophile Count Zygmunt Czarnecki acquired the city in 1890 , which was then owned by the Czarnecki family until 1939. The counts ensured that the city was connected to the railroad, founded agricultural associations and an agricultural bank . The return to the re-established Poland in 1918 promoted the establishment of further cooperatives and associations. Stanisław Mikołajczyk , a member of the Sejm and later Prime Minister of the Polish government- in- exile in London, has close ties to the place .
After the liberation from the occupation by the German Reich during the Second World War from 1939 to 1945, housing associations were established, which ultimately made it possible to convert the aristocratic palace into a museum. From 1975 until the territorial reform in Poland in 1998, Dobrzyca was part of the Kalisz Voivodeship .
Since January 1st, 2014 Dobrzyca is town again.
Jewish community
The first mention of the Jews in Dobrzyca comes from the first half of the 17th century. The first synagogue , mikveh and cheder stood on Koźmińska Street. The apartment of Rabbi Jakob Levy and the administration of the Jewish community were also located in this street . Around 1850 a synagogue in neo-late Gothic style was built on Bulsiewicza-Alfreda-Straße. After the German occupation of Dobrzyca, the Jews were deported to the Litzmannstadt ghetto on October 21, 1939 .
traffic
Dobrzyca had a train station on the Krotoschin – Pleschen railway line .
Attractions
The Gorzeński Castle and the park in Dobrzyca are particularly worth seeing. Similar facilities can be found in numerous other places in Greater Poland and Mazovia - including in nearby Gołuchów , almost 20 km east of Dobrzyca, and in Śmiełów , 25 km to the north , whose castle was built by the same noble family.
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The palace of General Augustyn Gorzeński was built in 1795–1799 and designed by Stanisław Zawadzki , the leading Polish master builder of the era. It was built in place of the old Dobrzyca Castle. Architecturally, it is a work of early classicism that still has some late baroque style features inside (for example illusionistic paintings by Italian decorators from Warsaw). In its external appearance, it combines traditional structural elements of a Polish aristocratic residence with the demands of a two-winged representative building. The masonic symbolism is striking on the building .
1940, during the Second World War (after the forced resettlement of Countess Czarnecka and her daughters to the General Government ), the National Socialist occupiers converted the palace into a granary. In the post-war years, the dilapidated building served, among other things, as a primary school. In 1988 it came into the possession of the National Museum in Poznan ; from 1990 it was extensively restored as part of a public-private partnership. Today it is a museum and belongs to a semi-public foundation.
Landscape park
Even more worth seeing than the castle is the landscape park, which was also laid out at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries and is in the English style . It includes two rivers and several ponds and canals. The round pavilion called the Pantheon (the architectural model of which is the Roman Pantheon ) was the meeting place of a Masonic lodge in the 19th century . A monopteros rises in one of the ponds on an artificial island, there is also a garden house and exotic plant species.
church
→ Main article: Evangelical parish Dobrzyca
local community
The urban and rural municipality Dobrzyca consists of:
City of Dobrzyca with the school authorities
- Dobrzyca and
- Dobrzyca-Nowy Świat;
as well as the following villages with Schulzenamt:
| Surname | German name (1815-1919) |
German name (1939-1945) |
Geographic coordinates |
|---|---|---|---|
| Czarnuszka | Czarnuszka 1908-1919 Schwarzwaldau |
Schwarzwaldau | |
| Fabianów | Fabianow | Ottosfelde | |
| Galew | Galewo | ||
| Izbiczno | Izbiczno 1905-1919 Eichdorf |
1939–1943 Eichdorf 1943–1945 Langeneichdorf |
51 ° 51 ' N , 17 ° 37' E |
| Carmine | Carmine | Buchenhof | |
| Karminek | Karminek | Kleinrothendorf | |
| Carmine c | Rothendorf | Rothendorf | |
| Koźminiec | German Koschmin Hauland 1905–1919 German Koschmin |
Horlebrunn | |
| Lutynia | Lutynia | Lutinia | |
| Polskie Olędry | Polish Koschmin Hauland | Horlenhauland | |
| Sośnica | Sosnica 1905–1919 Steinicksheim |
Steinicksheim | 51 ° 52 ' N , 17 ° 41' E |
| Sośniczka | Sosnica Hauland 1905–1919 Blumenau |
Blumenau | 51 ° 51 ' N , 17 ° 39' E |
| Strzyżew | Grünau | Grünau | |
| Trzebin | Trzebin 1907-1919 Ellerode |
Ellerode | |
| Trzebowa | Trzebow |
and the smaller towns:
- Gustawów (Vorwerk Gustawowo, Gustelfeld )
- Nowy Karmin (New Karmin, Neurothendorf )
- Ruda (Vorwerk Ruda)
literature
- Heinrich Wuttke : City book of the country Posen. Codex diplomaticus: General history of the cities in the region of Poznan. Historical news from 149 individual cities . Leipzig 1864, p. 288.
Web links
- Municipality website (Polish)
- Side of Museum, Palace and Park (Polish)
Footnotes
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ^ City statistics page (Polish, accessed on February 7, 2015)
- ↑ 1939–1945: Dobberschütz ( Wartheland )
- ↑ Internetowy System Aktów Prawnych
- ↑ Drawing of the neo-Gothic synagogue on yairgil.com
- ↑ History - Jewish community in Dobrzyca ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on sztetl.org.pl.
