Jacob Levy

This article is about the rabbi and linguist Jakob Levy. On the psychiatrist, see Jacob Levy Moreno .

Jakob Levy (mostly Jacob Levy , Hebrew יעקב לוי; born on May 19, 1819 in Dobrzyca , Posen Province , Kingdom of Prussia ; died on February 27, 1892 in Breslau , German Empire ) was a German rabbi and orientalist linguist .

Life

Jacob Levy was a son of Rabbi Isaac Levy in Schildberg . From this he received his first Talmud lessons . He was a student with Akiba Eger in Poznan for seven years . He was also ordained by Eger . He also received mornings from Kempen and Ostrowo . He attended the Catholic Matthias Gymnasium in Breslau (Abitur April 1843) and studied from 1842 (extra ordinem) to 1845 philosophy and oriental languages ​​at the University of Breslau . He received his doctorate on September 12, 1845 at the University of Halle .

From April 1845 to 1850 Levy officiated as a rabbi and religion teacher in Rosenberg in Upper Silesia . He was a supporter of the conservative "theological assembly" of Zacharias Frankel . After he had resigned his office because of gloomy "intrigues", he moved back to Wroclaw, without having first made sure of his professional opportunities in Wroclaw. There he taught at the religious school of the Old Believers and in 1857 became rabbinate assessor in the community of Breslau. He later held other functions, including working for the Mora Salomon Leipziger Foundation from 1878 until his death. In 1857 he became a Dayan in Breslau.

The Fraenckel'sche Stiftung Jewish-Theological Seminary , headed by Zacharias Frankel, had existed in Breslau since 1854 . Its main publication organ was called the monthly for the history and science of Judaism . From a series of lectures on “various intellectual products of Jewish antiquity” that Levy had given there, the “ Association for the Dissemination of Science of Judaism ” emerged, which was constituted at the end of 1861 and soon had three-digit membership.

In 1871 Levy Klaus rabbi and Morenu of the Leipzig Beth Hamidrash monastery in Breslau (Gartenstrasse 43).

Levy was a member of the German Oriental Society .

Levy was best known for his New Hebrew and Chaldean Dictionary of the Talmudim and Midrashim (four volumes, 1876–79). In July 1875 the Prussian Ministry awarded him the title of "Royal Professor". He was an uncle of Ismar Elbogen .

Publications (selection)

• De indole atque origine cum recentiorum hebraicorum tum Mischnaicorum librorum. Dissertation, Halle 1845.
• The presidency in the Synhedrium. In: Monthly for the history and science of Judaism. Ed. by Zacharias Frankel , 4th year, issue 7, Dresden, Breslau, Berlin 1855, p. 266 ff. ( digitized in compact memory ).
• Chaldean dictionary on the Targumim and much of the rabbinical literature. Two volumes, Baumgärtner, Leipzig 1867–1868 ( digitized version ).
• New Hebrew and Chaldean dictionary on the Talmudim and Midrashim. Four volumes, Brockhaus, Leipzig 1876–1879 ( digitized version ).

literature

• General newspaper of Judaism. An impartial organ for all Jewish interests in politics, religion, literature, history, linguistics and fiction. Edited by Dr. Ludwig Philippson , IX. Year, No. 46, Leipzig 1845, p. 682 f. ( Digital version with compact memory ).
• The Orient: Reports, Studies, and Reviews for Jewish History and Literature. Edited by Julius Fürst , VI. Year, No. 46, Leipzig 1845, p. 363 ( digitized from Compact Memory ).
• The Israelite of the Nineteenth Century: A Weekly for Progress and Reform in Judaism. VI. Volume, No. 33, Eisenach 1845, p. 272 ​​( digital copy from Compact Memory ).
• The Orient. VIII. Year, No. 26, Leipzig 1847, p. 201 f. ( Digital version with compact memory ).
• General newspaper of Judaism. XII. Year, No. 48, Leipzig 1848, p. 686 ( digitized from Compact Memory ).
• General newspaper of Judaism. XIV. Year, No. 19, Leipzig 1850, p. 252 ( digitized from Compact Memory ).
• List of the synagogue communities formed in the Prussian state on the basis of the law of July 23, 1847, sorted according to provinces, government districts and districts, with details of their number of souls and families, the synagogues, institutes, associations, etc. Names of their rabbis, cantors, board members, representatives and other personal details. Compiled from official sources. In: Ph. Wertheim (Ed.): Calendar and yearbook on the year 5618 for the Jewish communities of Prussia. Berlin 1858, Appendix, p. 29.
• The Israelite. Central organ for Orthodox Judaism. Xth year, No. 27, Mainz 1869, p. 529 ( digital version with compact memory ).
• Chaim David Lippe: Bibliographical lexicon of the entire Jewish literature of the present, and address indicator. A lexically ordered scheme with addresses of rabbis, preachers, teachers, cantors, supporters of Jewish literature in the old and new world, together with precise bibliographical details of all writings and journals published by contemporary Jewish authors, especially those relating to Jewish literature. Vienna 1879–81, p. 282, Reprint: Hildesheim 2003.
• William Zeitlin: Bibliotheca Hebraica Post-Mendelssohniana. Bibliographical Handbook of Modern Hebrew Literature. 2nd edition, Leipzig 2 volumes 1891–95, p. 282; Reprint Hildesheim and New York 1980.
• Salomon Wininger : Great Jewish National Biography. Volume 4, 1929, pp. 71-72 ( digitized in the Freimann collection ).
• Isidore Singer , Caspar Levias :  Levy, Jacob. In: Isidore Singer (Ed.): Jewish Encyclopedia . Funk and Wagnalls, New York 1901-1906.
• Levy, Jacob. In: Encyclopaedia Judaica . Volume 10, Berlin 1934, Col. 904-905.
• Entry LEVY, Jakob, Prof. Dr. In: Michael Brocke and Julius Carlebach (editors), edited by Carsten Wilke : Biographisches Handbuch der Rabbis. Part 1: The rabbis of the emancipation period in the German, Bohemian and Greater Poland countries 1781–1871. K G Saur, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-598-24871-7 , pp. 591 f.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Isidore Singer, Caspar Levias:  Levy, Jacob. In: Isidore Singer (Ed.): Jewish Encyclopedia . Funk and Wagnalls, New York 1901–1906 ..
2. ↑ ^{a b} Carsten Wilke: The rabbis of the emancipation period in the German, Bohemian and Greater Poland countries 1781–1871 (=  Biographical Handbook of Rabbis. Part 1). Munich 2004, ISBN 3-598-24871-7 , p. 591.
3. ^ Heinrich Graetz : Diary and letters. Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 1977, ISBN 3-16-838762-2 , p. 130.
4. ↑ Salomon Wininger: Great Jewish National Biography. Volume 4, 1929, p. 71 f. ( Digitized version ).
5. ^ Görge K. Hasselhoff: Idea and guiding principles of the volume. In: Görge K. Hasselhoff (Ed.): The discovery of Christianity in the science of Judaism (=  Studia Judaica. Vol. 54). de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-11-024628-5 , pp. 3–18, here p. 4.
6. ↑ Marcus Pyka: Jewish identity with Heinrich Graetz. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2007, ISBN 978-3-525-56994-8 , p. 219. See Allgemeine Zeitung des Judenthums. 26, 1862, p. 127 f., Where it is reported that Levy's lectures took place during three consecutive winters before the association was founded. See also Gábor Lengyel: Modern rabbi training in Germany and Hungary. Hungarian listeners in educational institutions of German Jewry (1854–1938) (=  Münster Judaic Studies. 26). Lit, Berlin, Münster 2012, ISBN 978-3-643-11725-0 , p. 58 ff.
7. ^ Holger Preißler: The Leipzig orientalist Heinrich Leberecht Fleischer . In: Stephan Wendehorst (Ed.): Building blocks of a Jewish history of the University of Leipzig. Leipzig 2007, ISBN 978-3-86583-106-4 , pp. 245–268, here p. 261 note 65.