Ludwig Philippson

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Ludwig Philippson
Gravestone for Ludwig Philippson in the Jewish cemetery in Bonn-Castell

Ludwig Philippson (born December 28, 1811 in Dessau ; died December 29, 1889 in Bonn ) was a German writer and rabbi . He was an advocate of humanitarian and liberal ideas and a spokesman for the rights of the Jews who consolidated their legal position in Prussia.

Life

Philippson was the son of Moses Philippson (1775–1814), who had a Hebrew printer in Dessau and also published his own writings and books, and Marianne-Mehrle Wust. After the early death of his father, his older brother Phöbus Moses Philippson took care of the education of the then two-year-old Ludwig. From 1815 to 1824 he was a student at the "Franzschule für Hebrew und Deutsche Sprache" (Herzogliche Franzschule) in Dessau , with Gotthold Salomon among others . In 1825 he studied at the Dessau Bet-Midrash with the Talmud teacher H. Cohn. He was admitted to the Latin School in Halle on April 9, 1826. After graduating from high school, Philippson began studying philosophy at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin on October 27, 1829 , where he attended lectures by Hegel , Steffens , and especially Boeckh's classical philology until 1833 . He published his first work under the name of his brother. He received his doctorate with the thesis De internarum humani corporis partium cognitione Aristotelis cum Platonis sententia comparata . After completing his studies, he strove to work in the field of philology in France, then in December 1833 he was appointed preacher and teacher by the synagogue community in Magdeburg. On March 10, 1834, he passed the Prussian service examination as a spiritual teacher . From 1839 he took up the position of rabbi. In 1848 he was elected deputy member of the moderately liberal side of the Frankfurt National Assembly .

Philippson inaugurated the new synagogue in Eisleben on August 31, 1850 and the old synagogue in Magdeburg on September 14, 1851 . His most important work includes the translation of the Hebrew Bible and the founding of the Israelitische Bibelanstalt in 1859. This translation work occupied him for decades and shaped the Jewish religious practice, especially in Germany well into the 20th century.

In 1837 he founded the Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums , which was the mouthpiece of the Jewish reform movement and which Philippson published and edited from the first edition on May 2, 1837 until his death in 1889 . The newspaper developed into one of the most important newspapers for liberal Jews in Germany. It was initially published weekly, then every two weeks until it was discontinued in April 1922, making it the longest-running German-language Jewish magazine. Philippson had been a member of the Berlin Society of Friends since 1839. In 1849 he assumed the presidency of the general teachers' association of the province of Saxony . On May 1, 1855, he founded the Institute for the Promotion of Israelite Literature , which existed for 18 years and during this time published around 80 works in German. These include works from the fields of Jewish science, poetry and Jewish history, including seven volumes by the historian Heinrich Graetz on the history of the Jews. In 1855 the institute was banned by the government of the Austrian Empire and Philippson, who was visiting Milan in 1858, was expelled from the territory of the Empire.

Because of an eye condition which led to almost complete blindness, he retired on May 1, 1862 and retired to Bonn as an honorary rabbi. There he continued to work as a writer and publicist for the emancipation of Germany's Jewish population. He not only translated theological texts, but also published several important books focusing on exegesis and homiletics . With His Work Did the Jews Crucify Jesus? he became known beyond the borders of Germany in 1866 and thus sparked discussions that were sometimes very emotional.

In 1868 Philippson was the initiator of the liberal Kassel Rabbi Assembly and the Jewish Synod, 1869, in Leipzig. In 1869 he was one of the founders of the German-Israelite Community Association and, alongside Abraham Geiger and Salomon Neumann, was involved in the founding of the College for the Science of Judaism in Berlin, which opened on May 6, 1872, and its board of trustees he belonged from 1870.

Philippson was married to Julie, born in 1835. Wolffstein, who died in 1843. He then married Mathilde, born in 1844. Hirsch (1822-1891), a daughter of Moses Hirsch. His two daughters from his first marriage married the rabbis Tobias Cohn and Meyer Kayserling . His son, the historian Martin Philippson (1846–1916), took over the chairmanship of the German-Israelite Association from 1896. His youngest child was the geographer Alfred Philippson (1864-1953).

Ludwig Philippson died in Bonn on December 29, 1889 at the age of 78.

Works

  • Hylē anthrōpinē. De internarum humani corporis partium cognitione Aristotelis cum Platonis sententia comparata. Berlin 1831. Full text
  • Saron , a collection of poems 1843
  • State and religion, the religious society. 1845, from: World-Shattering Questions in Politics and Religion. From the past thirty years. First part: Politics Baumgärtner, Leipzig 1868, full text of this excerpt = section 84 of the book (PDF; 228 kB; 19 pages)
  • The Development of the Religious Idea in Judaism, Christianity and Islam , Leipzig 1847
  • Ninth lecture. The religion of society in its foundation and development In: The religion of society and the development of mankind towards it, presented in ten lectures , Leipzig 1848, full text (PDF; 228 kB)
  • The political sentiment of the Jews 1849 full text (PDF; 68 kB)
  • Voices and moods from the period , 1849
  • Sermon for the inauguration of the new synagogue in Eisleben on Aug. 30, 1850.
  • The decline of the peoples , Leipzig 1858, full text (PDF; 81 kB)
  • Results in World History , 1860
  • Look at the current world situation and political letters. 4. On January 30th, 1861. The nationalities of Leipzig full text (PDF; 83 kB)
  • The industrial mission of the Jews , Leipzig 1861, full text (PDF; 135 kB)
  • The hatred of Jews by atheists and Rothen , Leipzig 1862, full text (PDF; 53 kB)
  • The three powers , Leipzig 1862, full text (PDF; 81 kB)
  • The ultramontan and pietist feudal party , Leipzig 1862, full text (PDF; 111 kB)
  • Look at the current world situation and political letters. 5. In March 1864 ibid full text (PDF, 140 kB)
  • Judaism and Deutschthum 1865, ibid. Full text (PDF; 96 kB)
  • Look at the current world situation and political letters. 7. In February 1866 , Leipzig, full text (PDF; 122 kB)
  • Did the Jews really crucify Jesus? 1866, diss-duisburg.de (PDF)
  • Sepphoris and Rome , 1866
  • Jacob Tirado. Historical novel from the second half of the sixteenth century , Leipzig 1867
  • World-shaking questions , 1868/69
  • Material and spirit in mankind (1853) In: World-changing questions in politics and religion. From the past 30 years. Second part: religion. First volume: General. - On comparative religious studies , Leipzig 1869, pp. 68–81 full text (PDF; 119 kB)
  • Commemorative book of the Franco-Prussian War , 1871
  • On the streams , 1872/73
  • Council of Salvation , 1882
  • The rhetoric and Jewish homiletics. In letters and treatises , ed. v. M. Kayserling, Leipzig 1890, digitized version (PDF)
  • The Torah - The Five Books of Moses and the Readings of the Prophets (Hebrew-German) in the revised translation by Rabbi Ludwig Philippson , ed. by Walter Homolka , Hanna Liss and Rüdiger Liwak . Freiburg 2015.

literature

  • Adolf Brüll :  Philippson, Ludwig . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 53, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1907, p. 56 f.
  • Meyer Kayserling : Ludwig Philippson. A biography. 1898.
  • Andreas Brämer :  Philippson, Ludwig. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-428-00201-6 , p. 397 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Karl Gutzmer (arrangement): The Philippsons in Bonn. German-Jewish lines of fate 1862-1980 . Documentation of an exhibition in the Bonn University Library in 1989. Bonn 1991.
  • Harald Lordick, Beata Mache: “… took the floor so decisively on the main issues .” L. Philippson, rabbi and publicist 1811–1889. In: Kalonymos , 14th year, issue 4, December 2011, pp. 1–6 (numerous images) online edition (PDF)
  • Hans Otto Horch: “On the pinnacle of time” - Ludwig Philippson, the “journalist” of Reform Judaism . In: Bulletin of the Leo Baeck Institute , 86, 1990, pp. 5-21.
  • Elias S. Jungheim: In Search of a »Religiousness without Bigots« , Aschkenas 2020, 30/1, p. 79ff.
  • George Y. Kohler: A necessary mistake in world history - Ludwig Philippson's examination of Christianity . In: Görge K. Hasselhoff (ed.): The discovery of Christianity in the science of Judaism . Berlin 2010, pp. 33–62.
  • Michael Nagel: Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums. In: Dan Diner (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Jewish History and Culture (EJGK). Volume 1: A-Cl. Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2011, ISBN 978-3-476-02501-2 , pp. 36-42.
  • Johanna Philippson : The Philippsons, a German-Jewish Family 1775-1933 . In: Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook , 7, 1962, pp. 95–118 (English)
  • Johanna Philippson: Ludwig Philippson and the general newspaper of Judaism . In: Hans Liebeschütz, Arnold Paucker (Hrsg.): Judaism in the German environment 1800-1850 . Tübingen 1977, pp. 243-291
  • Philippson, Ludwig . In: Georg Herlitz, Bruno Kirschner (ed.): Jüdisches Lexikon. An encyclopedic manual of Jewish knowledge in four volumes . tape 4.1 . Athenaeum, Frankfurt am Main 1982, ISBN 3-610-00400-2 , p. 901 (reprint).
  • Philippson, Ludwig, Dr. In: Michael Brocke , Julius Carlebach (ed.), Edited by Carsten Wilke : Biographisches Handbuch der Rabbis. Part 1: The rabbis of the emancipation period in the German, Bohemian and Greater Poland countries 1781–1871. K G Saur, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-598-24871-7 , p. 702 ff.

Web links

Commons : Ludwig Philippson  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Georg Herlitz, Bruno Kirschner (ed.): Jüdisches Lexikon. An encyclopedic manual of Jewish knowledge in four volumes . tape 4.1 . Athenaeum, Frankfurt am Main 1982, ISBN 3-610-00400-2 , p. 901 (reprint).
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Philippson, Ludwig, Dr. In: Michael Brocke , Julius Carlebach (ed.), Edited by Carsten Wilke : Biographisches Handbuch der Rabbis. Part 1: The rabbis of the emancipation period in the German, Bohemian and Greater Poland countries 1781–1871. K G Saur, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-598-24871-7 , p. 702 ff.
  3. ^ Halle, Franckesche Stiftungen: AFSt / S L8, p. 57 .
  4. ↑ Georg Herlitz, Bruno Kirschner (ed.): Jüdisches Lexikon. An encyclopedic manual of Jewish knowledge in four volumes . tape 4.1 . Athenaeum, Frankfurt am Main 1982, ISBN 3-610-00400-2 , p. 1104 (reprint).
  5. ^ A b Gotthard Deutsch, S. Mannheimer: Institute for the Promotion of Israelite Literature. In: Jewish Encyclopedia. Retrieved December 29, 2016 .
  6. ↑ University for Science. Association for the History of Berlin, accessed on December 29, 2016 .
  7. ↑ This was an uncle of the social liberal union leader Max Hirsch . So Max Hirsch, although 21 years younger, was not a “nephew” of Philippson, as is almost always claimed, but a cousin by marriage, cf. Wolfgang Ayaß : Max Hirsch. Social liberal union leader and pioneer of adult education centers . Berlin 2013, (= Jewish miniatures 141), p. 61.
personal data
SURNAME Philippson, Ludwig
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German writer and rabbi
DATE OF BIRTH December 28, 1811
PLACE OF BIRTH Dessau
DATE OF DEATH December 29, 1889
Place of death Bonn