Salomon Neumann

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Salomon Neumann (date unknown)

Salomon Neumann (born October 22, 1819 in Pyritz / Pomerania ; died September 20, 1908 in Berlin ) was a German poor doctor , medical reformer and medical statistician .

Life

Salomon Neumann was the fourth of eight children of the small trader Hirsch Zwi Neumann and Betty Bela. His brother Julius became a cigar manufacturer, his nephew Hugo Neumann a pediatrician in Berlin. Another nephew of Salomon Neumann was the bibliophile Gotthilf Weisstein .

Salomon Neumann studied medicine in Berlin and received his doctorate in Halle in 1842. He then continued his education in Vienna and Paris before becoming a general practitioner in Berlin in 1845.

Together with his friend Rudolf Virchow , Neumann was one of the radical democratic doctors in 1848 who actively participated in the revolution . Neumann made the statement "[...], because medical science is in its innermost core and essence a social science, [...]".

From 1858 to 1905 he was a member of the Berlin city council . In 1861 Neumann reorganized the census on behalf of the city of Berlin and set new scientific standards here. Several thousand volunteers collected not only demographic, but also social data, which Neumann and his political friends used for the social and hygienic renovation of the city.

For his numerous publications in the field of medical statistics, his participation in the medical commission and his services to the census, he was awarded the title of medical council in 1870 .

Neumann was a member of the Alliance Israélite Universelle (AIU) and head and honorary president of the Berlin Local Committee . In 1872 he was elected to the central committee of the AIU.

A lifelong friendship connected him with Leopold Zunz , who is one of the founders of the science of Judaism . At his suggestion, the Zunz Foundation was set up in 1864 , which among other things supported the publication of Zunz's collected writings . In 1872 Neumann was one of the founders of the College for the Science of Judaism and was henceforth a member of the Board of Trustees, from 1895 to 1905 as chairman.

In 1880 Neumann intervened in the so-called Berlin anti-Semitism controversy provoked by Treitschke . His demographic study, The Fable of Jewish Mass Immigration, refuted Treitschke's claims with statistical means.

In 1906 Neumann founded the Salomon Neumann Foundation for the Science of Judaism , which u. a. financially supported the research of the philosopher Benzion Kellermann . The Board of Trustees of the Science Foundation included important personalities from the German-Jewish educated middle class, such as Felix Liebermann as Chairman of the Board of Trustees, Hermann Cohen , Salomon Kalischer , Leo Baeck and Neumann's nephew Hugo Neumann. In 1938 the real estate assets of the foundation were aryanized ; In 1940 the foundation was formally incorporated into the Reich Association of Jews in Germany and thus formally dissolved.

In 1857 Neumann married Amalie Hurwitz, an aunt of the mathematician Adolf Hurwitz . The couple had two daughters. He is buried in the Jewish cemetery in Berlin-Weißensee .

The German Society for Social Medicine and Prevention has honored special services in preventive and social medicine with the Salomon Neumann Medal since 1986 .

Fonts (selection)

  • Intussusceptionis intestinorum quatuor exempla . Ploetz, Hallae 1842 (dissertation) digitized
  • Public health and property. Critical and positive with regard to the Prussian medical constitution question . Adolph Rieß, Berlin 1847 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  • On the medical statistics of the Prussian state . G. Reimer, Berlin 1849 ( digitized version ).
  • The Berlin syphilis question. A contribution to public health care in Berlin. With three statistical tables . Georg Reimer, Berlin 1852 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  • To the Berlin poor sick care. Second contribution to the question of drug consumption . Volks-Zeitung publishing house, Berlin 1856.
  • The International Association for the Advancement of the Social Sciences: A Review of the First Congress of the same in Brussels in 1862 . Volks-Zeitung publishing house, Berlin 1863.
  • Postscript to the fable of Jewish mass immigration containing I. Answer to Mr. Adolf Wagner, II. Mr. Heinrich v. Treischke and his Jewish mass immigration, III. The answer of the royal. Prussian statistical office . Leonhard Simion, Berlin 1881, urn : nbn: de: hebis: 30-181013426007 .
  • The latest lie about the Israelite alliance, a test piece of anti-Semitic morality . Volks-Zeitung publishing house, Berlin 1883.
  • On the statistics of the Jews in Prussia from 1816 to 1880. Second contribution from the official publications . Louis Gerschel Verlagbuchhandlung, Berlin 1884, urn : nbn: de: hebis: 30-180013427003 .
  • Cheers for Dr Leopold Zunz's ninetieth birthday . Edited by the Zunz Foundation's Curatorium. [Preface: Salomon Neumann]. Louis Gerschel Verlagbuchhandlung, Berlin 1884 ( digitized version ).

literature

Honors

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ulrich Koppitz, Alfons Labisch : Neumann, Salomon. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin and New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1033.
  2. ^ Salomon Neumann: The public health care and the property. Critical and positive with regard to the Prussian medical constitution question . Rieß, Berlin 1847, p. 64 f . ( Digitized version ).
personal data
SURNAME Neumann, Salomon
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Berlin doctor for the poor and statistician
DATE OF BIRTH October 22, 1819
PLACE OF BIRTH Pyritz
DATE OF DEATH September 20, 1908
Place of death Berlin