Zbąszyń

Zbąszyń
Basic data
State :	Poland
Voivodeship :	Greater Poland
Powiat :	Nowy Tomyśl
Area :	5.57 km²
Geographic location :	52 ° 15 ′ N , 15 ° 55 ′ E Coordinates: 52 ° 15 ′ 0 ″ N , 15 ° 55 ′ 0 ″ E
Residents :	7264 ; (Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code :	64-360
Telephone code :	(+48) 68
License plate :	PNT
Economy and Transport
Rail route :	Zbąszynek – Poznan
	Wolsztyn – Zbąszyn
Next international airport :	Poznan-Ławica
Gmina
Gminatype:	Urban and rural municipality
Surface:	179.77 km²
Residents:	13,796 ; (Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density :	77 inhabitants / km²
Community number ( GUS ):	3015063
Administration (as of 2010)
Mayor :	Tomasz Kurasiński
Address:	ul. ; Ż Wirki 1 64-360 Zbąszyń
Website :	www.zbaszyn.pl
	; ;

Zbąszyń ( German Bentschen ) is a town in the powiat Nowotomyski in the Greater Poland Voivodeship , Poland . It is also the seat of the urban and rural community of the same name .

geography

Zbąszyń is about 100 km east of Frankfurt (Oder) and about 75 km west of Posen (Poznań). The Obra flows through it . The Berlin – Poznan – Warsaw – Moscow railway , which was built in 1870, also crosses the city. The municipality belongs to the Pomerania Euroregion .

history

Bentschen southwest of the city of Poznan and north of the city of Züllichau on a map of the province of Poznan from 1905 (areas marked in yellow indicate areas with a predominantly Polish- speaking population at the time ).

Gatehouse of the former castle

Arrival of German refugees in Zbąszyń in 1920

The first written mention comes from the year 1231, after which already in 1311 the town charter was granted to Bentschen. Bentschen is one of the oldest cities in Poland . Bentschen was owned by princes and kings until the end of the 14th century . The then King . Władysław II Jagiello gave the city in 1393 the province governor of Mazovia January Głowacz whose family changed its name from Nałęcz on Zbąszy; hence the current name Zbąszyń. From 1613 Bentschen came into the possession of the Ciświcki tribal family, who completed the construction of the castle . Part of this castle is still in the city park today. In 1700 the Garczyński family took over the seat.

In the 17th century the city experienced a strong influx from Germany; it remained predominantly German-speaking until 1920. After the second partition of Poland in 1793, the city now belonged to Prussia . The Frankfurt (Oder) –Posen railway line was built in 1870. In 1915, 23 people were killed in the Bentschen railway accident in the city's train station. The Versailles Treaty decided to move the border, so that Bentschen has belonged again to Poland as a border town since 1920 . The Straße des 17. January 1920 still reminds of this today. West of the border established in 1920, the community of Neu Bentschen (today Zbąszynek ) was founded on the German side around the new Neu Bentschen station after German-Polish negotiations about the joint use of the Bentschen station as a border station had failed. In what is now Zbąszyń, the Polish proportion of the population increased, also due to the need for railway and customs officers for the city's railway station, which was used as a Polish border station.

At the end of October 1938 the Poland Action took place , the deportation of around 17,000 Polish Jews from Germany. Those who had no family members or acquaintances with whom to stay in Poland and those who were refused entry were interned in Zbąszyń. For Herschel Grynszpan , whose parents were affected, this was the reason to shoot the German embassy employee Ernst vom Rath in Paris .

During the occupation of Poland after the invasion of Poland in 1939, the town, now called Bentschen again, belonged to the district of Grätz in the Reichsgau Wartheland . As in the entire Reichsgau, large parts of the population of Polish descent were expelled into the Generalgouvernement . In January 1945 the Red Army finally reached the Bentschen area and German rule collapsed. The German population was expelled to the west in the course of 1945, unless they had already fled from the Red Army. In addition to the pre-war residents who had returned, there were also Polish displaced persons from the former eastern Poland .

Attractions

Fürstenburg : Part of the Fürstenburg, which was built in 1627, now serves as the city museum. The municipal palace park behind it still contains some ruins from that time.

St. Mary's Church : The St. Mary's Church (or Rococo Church), built around 1757 to 1796, is a Roman Catholic Baroque church that was built on swampy ground. The two church towers are held in place with ropes today.

Music School : The Zbąszyń Music School has the only class in Poland specializing in folk instruments.

Jezioro Błędno : The 760 hectare Jezioro Błędno ( Bentschener Lake ), which forms part of the Obra , has a swimming beach. Sailing boat trips , boat trips and paddle boat tours are also organized there. Fishing clubs can also be found there. The city's coat of arms with the swan reminds of the many swans that can be found at the lake as they were in the past.

Forests : The forests around Bentschen are very rich in mushrooms and offer walkers recreational opportunities.

economy

The largest clothing company is ROMEO with around 1,200 employees, which also exports abroad . There are several clothing companies, a furniture factory SWEDWOOD (production subsidiary of the Swedish furniture chain IKEA ) and several craft, production and service companies in the vicinity .

Districts

Rajewo
Well, Kępie
Kawczńskie
Przysiółki
Nowe Domki ( New Settlement )
Stare Miasto ( old town )
Leśne Domki ( forest settlement )

local community

The following localities belong to the urban and rural municipality ( gmina miejsko-wiejska ) Zbąszyń:

Surname	German name (1815-1920)	German name (1939-1945)
Chrośnica	Chroschnitz 1908–1920 Kroschnitz	Kroschnitz
Czerwony Dwór	Rothenhof	Rotenhof
Dąbrowa	Dombrowo
Edmundowo	Edmundshof Vorwerk	Edmundshof
Ernestynowo	Ernestinowo
Kopce	Vorwerk Kopce
Leśne Domki	Forest houses	Forest houses
Łomnica	Lomnitz	Lomnitz
Morgi	Vorwerk tomorrow	tomorrow
Nądnia	Nandel	Nandel
Nowa Wieś-Zamek	Neudorf Castle	Neudorf Castle
Nowa Wieś Zbąska	Neudorf	1939–1943 Neudorf 1943–1945 Brückneudorf
Nowe Czeskie	German Bohemian	German Bohemian
Nowe Jastrzębsko	Friedenau	Friedenau
Nowy Dwór	Willow farm	Willow farm
Nowy Świat	New world	New world
Perzyny	Pierzyn 1908–1920 Pierschin	1939–1943 Seedorf 1943–1945 Pierschen
Piaski	New territory	New territory
Poświętne	Poswientno
Przychodzko	German height	German height
Przyprostynia	Brandorf	Brandorf
Starlings Czeskie	Polish, Bohemian 1908–1920 Friedenhain	Friedenhain
Stefanowice	Stefanowo Hauland	Stefanshauland
Stefanowo	Stefanowo	1939–1943 Stefansdorf 1943–1945 Stefansflur
Strzyżewo	Strese	Strese
Szklana Huta	Glassworks	Glassworks
Zakrzewko	Zakrzewko 1913-1920 Bendorf	Bendorf
Zbąszyń	Bentschen	Bentschen

traffic

In the local public transport , the city is connected to the train stations Zbąszyń Główny (Bentschen Hbf) and Zbąszyń Przedmieście (Bentschen-Vorstadt):

In road traffic , Zbąszyń is connected by the national road L302. About 12 km north of the city is the A2 motorway ( European route E30), the east-west connection ( Germany - Poland - Russia ).

The nearest airports are in Babimost ( Bomst ) (approx. 18 km) and Posen ( Poznań ) (approx. 70 km).

Town twinning

Zbąszyń has been in partnership with the Brieskow-Finkenheerd office since December 16, 2004 .

Personalities

Born

Marcin Czechowic (around 1532–1632), Polish Unitarian theologian
Karl Theodor Paulke (1881–1938), German music historian
Otto Schmirgal (1900–1944), German anti-fascist resistance fighter
Hans Petersson (1902–1984), German mathematician
Arthur Richter (1908–1993), German Protestant pastor and theologian
Willy Philippsborn (1910–1992), German concentration camp prisoner and leader at the Buchenwald Memorial
Stanisław Olejniczak (* 1938), Polish basketball player and Olympic participant (1964)

literature

Heinrich Wuttke : City book of the country Posen. Codex diplomaticus: General history of the cities in the region of Poznan. Historical news from 149 individual cities . Leipzig 1864, pp. 267-268.

Web links

Commons : Zbąszyń - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
↑ Euroregion Pomerania - area and partners ( memento of November 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on November 13, 2015
↑ Otto Dalchow: The cities of the Wartheland. A contribution to the settlement and regional studies of the province of Poznan . Noske, Borna / Leipzig 1910, p. 91.
^ The deportation of Polish Jews from the German Reich in 1938/1939 and their tradition . Federal Archives. Retrieved December 8, 2016.

[L_ludnosc_stan_struktura_30-06-2019-1] population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .

[2] Euroregion Pomerania - area and partners ( memento of November 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on November 13, 2015

[3] Otto Dalchow: The cities of the Wartheland. A contribution to the settlement and regional studies of the province of Poznan . Noske, Borna / Leipzig 1910, p. 91.

[4] The deportation of Polish Jews from the German Reich in 1938/1939 and their tradition . Federal Archives. Retrieved December 8, 2016.