90 e régiment d'infantry

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Chartres Regiment
90 e Infantry Regiment

Insigne du 90e Regiment d'Infanterie.jpg

Association badge of the 90 ° RI
active 1691 to 1998
Country Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg France
Armed forces Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg french army
Armed forces infantry
Type regiment
Location La Rochelle
Patron saint Saint-Maurice d'Agaune

The 90 e régiment d'infanterie was an infantry regiment, set up in 1691 as the Régiment de Chartres in the Kingdom of France and in service during the Ancien Régime and then with a few interruptions until it was dissolved in 1998. Before the unification by the numbering created in the Revolution, it was last the name of the Duke of Chartres. It was thus a princely regiment, which was associated with certain advantages for the unit.

Lineup and significant changes

  • November 14, 1691 : King Louis XIV establishes the Régiment de Chartres for Philippe d'Orléans, duc de Chartres , his son-in-law and later regent of the kingdom. The regiment consisted of only one battalion of 13 companies. To do this, the Régiment de Sault had to hand over three companies , the Régiment de Touraine three companies, the Régiment d'Orléans six companies and the Régiment de Vermandois one company.
  • January 5, 1724 : Renaming: After the regiment owner, Philippe d'Orléans, duc de Chartres, died in 1723 and his son, Louis I. de Bourbon, duc d'Orléans , had shown little interest in the military, the regiment left on January 5, 1724 to the previous Lieutenant Colonel Philippe-Charles, marquis d'Étampes, with the name: Régiment d'Étampes .
  • When he became Marquis de La Ferté-Imbault in 1731, the regiment received a new flag and from then on carried the name Régiment de La Ferté-Imbault .
  • On February 22nd, 1737 it was given the name Chartres and with it the privileges of a princely regiment - the original flag was also taken back.
  • January 1, 1791 : renamed 90 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne ci-devant Chartres
  • September 23, 1794 : In the course of the Premier amalgams , the 1st Battalion was used to set up the 163 e demi-brigade de bataille.
  • December 4, 1794 : The 2nd battalion was used to set up the 164 e demi-brigade de bataille.

This initially ended the line of tradition until it was continued in 1855 with the conversion of the 15 e régiment d'infanterie légère into the 90 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne . (However, this unit had nothing to do with the former regiment.)

  • 1929: dissolution
  • May 30, 1940: Set up in Camp La Courtine by the "Center Mobilisateur d'infanterie" (CMI 91) from various units of the 18th Infantry Division. From the remnants of the 66 e RI the 1st Battalion was formed, the 77 e RI the 2nd Battalion and the 125 e RI the 3rd Battalion.

It then belonged to the 17th light infantry division. After the Armistice of Compiègne , the regiment was disbanded.

  • 1944: From the "Bataillon Comte" of the Armée secrète (Sector Indre-Nord), from the "Bataillon Lalingerie" (Group Indre-Ouest) and the Marquis du Luant (AS Indre) at an unknown time as "90 e régiment d ' infantry ”. It consisted of 797 men. On January 1, 1945 this unit in Châteauroux was formed into the 1 he battalion de chasseurs à pied (1st hunter battalion on foot). Parts of the regiment changed to the "Bataillon de sécurité V / 12" (security battalion V / 12).
  • after 1945: On May 1, 1963, the unit was re-established as a cadre reserve regiment by the CM90 (Center mobilisé 90) . The task was to protect the “Center de transmissions marine” (marine telecommunications center) in Rosnay.
  • July 1, 1998: dissolution

Mestres de camp / Colonels

Mestre de camp was from 1569 to 1661 and from 1730 to 1780 the denomination of rank for the regiment holder and / or for the officer in charge of the regiment. The name "Colonel" was used from 1721 to 1730, from 1791 to 1793 and from 1803 onwards.

After 1791 there were no more regimental owners.

Should the Mestre de camp / Colonel be a person of the high nobility who had no interest in leading the regiment, the command was given to the “Mestre de camp lieutenant” (or “Mestre de camp en second”) or the Leave a colonel lieutenant or colonel en second.

  • November 14, 1691: Lieutenant Colonel Chevalier d'Estrades
  • August 10, 1692: Lieutenant Colonel Marquis de Pluvaux
  • February 27, 1695: Lieutenant Colonel Louis marquis d'Arpajon (1667–1736)
  • April 23, 1709: Colonel Philippe-Charles, marquis d'Étampes
  • February 3, 1731: Mestre de camp lieutenant Philippe-Charles d'Étampes, marquis de La Ferté-Imbault
  • March 28, 1737: Mestre de camp lieutenant Louis-Auguste, comte d'Étampes
  • June 19, 1741: Mestre de camp lieutenant Charles-Auguste de La Cour, comte de Balleroy
  • April 20, 1746: Mestre de camp lieutenant Edouard, comte de Boufflers-Rouvrel
  • May 4, 1753: Mestre de camp lieutenant Gilbert de Chauvigny, comte de Blot
  • March 14, 1758: Mestre de camp lieutenant Louis-Henri, vicomte de La Tour du Pin-La Charce
  • June 5, 1765: Mestre de camp lieutenant Jean-Balthazar, comte d'Adhémar de Montfalcon
  • November 11, 1776: Mestre de camp lieutenant Pierre, vicomte de Jaucourt
  • February 26, 1777: Mestre de camp lieutenant Stanislas-Catherine, chevalier de Boufflers
  • January 1, 1784: Mestre de camp lieutenant Jacques-Philippe, comte de Vernon du Haget
  • March 10, 1788: Mestre de caamp lieutenant then Colonel Pierre-Marie, chevalier de Grave
  • February 5, 1792: Colonel Etienne-Guillaume Picot de Bazus
  • March 8, 1793: Colonel Etienne Le Bé
  • [...]
  • until June 4, 1859: Colonel Charlier
  • June 16, 1859 to January 24, 1866: Colonel Guilhem
  • January 24, 1866 to September 23, 1870: Colonel Roussel de Courcy
  • September 23, 1870 to April 4, 1871: Colonel Vilmette
  • May 22, 1871 to 1877: Colonel de Brem
  • [...]
  • 1877 to 1883: Colonel Raison
  • 1883 to 1885: Colonel Lucas
  • 1885 to 1891: Colonel Sénart
  • 1891: Colonel Bécat
  • 1891 to 1899: Colonel Humbel
  • 1899 to 1902: Colonel Calvel
  • 1902 to 1908: Colonel Appert
  • 1908 to 1909: Colonel Soucher
  • 1909 to 1912: Colonel Charles-Edmond Tocanne
  • 1913 to 1914: Colonel Simon
  • 1914 to 1915: Lieutenant-colonel Alquier
  • 1915 to 1917: Lieutenant-colonel Carlier
  • 1917 to 1918: Lieutenant-Colonel Cambel
  • 1918: Lieutenant-colonel Detanger
  • 1918: Lieutenant-colonel Couranjon
  • 1920 to 1922: Lieutenant-Colonel Cambell
  • 1922: Colonel Mercier
  • 1925: Colonel Jacquard
  • 1926: Lieutenant-Colonel Gillain
  • 1926 to 1929: Lieutenant-colonel De Witkowski
  • 1929: Lieutenant-Colonel Rabusseau
  • [...]
  • 1940: Lieutenant-Colonel Gillot
  • [...]
  • 1963 to 1965: Lieutenant-colonel Angot
  • 1965 to 1968: Colonel de Montesquieu
  • 1968 to 1970: Colonel Pinguet
  • 1970 to 1975: Colonel Baudoin
  • 1975 to 1980: Colonel Borie
  • 1980 to 1984: Colonel Giraud
  • 1984 to 1988: Colonel Polit
  • 1988 to 1991: Colonel de la Guerande
  • 1991 to 1994: Colonel Lamoureux
  • 1994 to 1998: Colonel Genichon

Royal Army flags

The regiment carried a body flag and five orderly flags: "tous rouges, avec une bordure bleue autour de chaque Drapeau, & croix blanches" (all in red with a blue border and a white cross). Philippe-Charles d'Étampes, marquis de La Ferté-Imbault, carried a different flag during his time as regimental commander from 1731 to 1737. With the reorganization of January 1, 1791, new flags were issued.

  • Drapeau colonel (body flag)

  • Régiment de Chartres 1691 to 1724

  • Régiment d'Étampes 1724 to 1731

  • Régiment La Ferté-Imbault 1731 to 1737

  • Régiment de Chartres 1737 to 1791

  • 90 e régiment d'infanterie 1st Battalion 1791

  • 90 e régiment d'infanterie 2nd battalion 1791

Uniformity

  • Régiment de Chartres 1720 to 1724

  • Régiment d'Étampes 1724 to 1731

  • Régiment de Chartres 1734 to 1762

  • Régiment de Chartres 1762 to 1776

  • Régiment de Chartres 1776 to 1779

  • Régiment de Chartres 1779 to 1791

  • Grenadier des 90 e regiment d'infanterie de ligne from 1791 to 1794

Battle calendar

War of the Palatinate Succession

  • 1692: The unit had its first mission at the siege of Namur. Then she was able to distinguish herself in the battle of Steenkerke . Initially in the reserve of the left wing, it then fought along with the 2nd Battalion of the Régiment de Bourbonnais in the first line. The regimental owner, the Duc de Chartres, could only be prevented from taking the front line with great difficulty. Even so, he was slightly wounded. The regiment had seven officers, 11 sergents and 65 men killed in this battle. 125 men, including nine officers and Lieutenant Colonel d'Estrades, were wounded - the latter so badly that he died a few days later.
  • 1693: In the battle of Neer winds the Colonel Duc de Chartres had to be kept away from the front line with gentle force. During the siege of Charleroi , the unit was able to repel a failure of the besieged on September 29. The lieutenant colonel de Pluvaux was fatally wounded.
  • 1694 and 1695: Campaigns in Flanders under the Maréchal de Villeroy
  • 1696 and 1697: Campaigns on the Meuse in the army of Maréchal Louis-François de Boufflers

War of the Spanish Succession

  • 1701: On February 1st, the regiment consisting of two battalions took over parts of the Metz militias . In May, Namur was occupied for the King of Spain .
The Duc de Bourgogne

Quadruple Alliance War

  • 1719: "Chartres" was used in the campaign in the Pyrenees and was deployed to the sieges of Fontarabie and San Sebastian . On August 28, the regiment left Navarre and marched to Catalonia , where it was involved in the capture of Castel-Ciudad and Urgell .

War of the Polish Succession

War of the Austrian Succession

  • 1742: “Chartres” was moved to the border with Flanders.
  • 1743: Relocation to the army of Maréchal de Noailles on the Rhine. After the Battle of Dettingen , the campaign in Alsace was ended in the field camps of Lauterbourg and Haguenau . Like all other units, the "Régiment de Chartres" had to pay a high blood toll that year. Six officers and 60 soldiers were killed, Lieutenant Colonel de Balleroy, another 17 officers and 110 soldiers were wounded.
  • 1744: "Chartres" was in Flanders and was used in the siege of Menen, Ypres and Furnes. During the siege of Ypres on June 22nd it was able to conquer the Redoute de l'Inondation together with the Régiment d'Artois . The campaign of the year was ended by the unit in the camp at Cortrai.
  • 1745: The regiment was not involved in the Battle of Fontenoy , as it was used during this time together with the Régiment d'Orléans to guard the siege trenches in front of Tournai. It remained in place until the city was captured and then fought in the conquest of Dendermonde , Oudenaarde and Ath.
  • 1746: During the siege of Brussels , the regiment was in Wilworde and entered the conquered city on March 5th, where it was used as a garrison force.
  • 1747 to 1748: In these two years the regiment in brigade formation with the Régiment d'Orléans was able to distinguish itself in the Battle of Roucourt , the Battle of Lauffeldt , the Siege of Bergen op Zoom and the Siege of Maastricht .
Siege of Bergen op Zoom

After the end of the war, the regiment was stationed in Orléans.

Seven Years War

  • 1756: The regiment was put on the battlefield in the Honfleur camp .
  • 1757: In March it was relocated to Liège , then to Stockheim, where it was merged with the army of the Maréchal d'Estrées . It was used in the battle of Hastenbeck as well as in the reconnaissance operations to Zeven monastery and was in the field camp near Halberstadt at the end of the year .
  • 1758 to 1763: Commanded to the Rhine at the beginning of 1785, it was only used for security purposes until the end of the war.

Peace time

At the end of the war the regiment moved to Douai, in May 1763 to Aire and Béthune, in August 1765 to Tours, in October 1765 to Berghes and Gravelines, in November 1767 to Dunkirk, in September 1768 to Quesnoy and in July 1769 to the field camp of Verberie . Then it was transferred to the citadel of Strasbourg and the citadel of Sedan in October 1773. In October 1774 the regiment was moved to Quesnoy, in June 1776 to Condé, in September 1776 to Lille, in March 1777 to Landerneau and Morlaix, in October 1778 to Douai, in April 1779 to Arras, in July 1778 to Saint-Omer and Gravelines, in August of the same year to Eu, in December to Dunkirk, in November 1781 to Valenciennes, in October 1785 to Quesnoy, in October 1786 to Philippeville and Charlemont, in June 1787 to Givet, in March 1788 to Landrecies and Avesnes, in July of the same year to Blois, in October to Avesnes, in April 1789 to Givet and Charlemont, in June 1790 to Avesnes and in October to Douai. On April 15, 1791 it left the city and marched to Berghes, after which it moved again to Lille at the beginning of 1792.

Wars of the Revolution and the First Empire

The "90 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne" was used in the campaigns of the years 1792 to 1794 of the Armée du Nord . Participation in the cannonade near Valmy , campaign to Trier.

Second empire

1870 to 1914

August 14, 1870: Battle of Colombey
August 16, 1870: The 4th battalion, which was formed in Paris from conscripts, left the depot as the "12 e régiment de marche" (12th marching regiment)
August 18, 1870: Battle of Gravelotte
September 23, 1870: Skirmishes at Peltre
September 27, 1870: Battle at Peltre

The 8th companies of the 2nd and 3rd battalions of the regiment were assigned to the "29 e régiment de marche" and fought in the battles in the Loire department near Chilleurs, Ladon (Loiret) , Boiscommun , Neuville-aux-Bois and Maizières.

First World War

During the mobilization, the regiment was in the Bertrand barracks in Châteauroux ; from August 1914 to November 1918 it belonged to the 33rd Infantry Brigade of the 17th Infantry Division in the 9th Army Corps. It set up its reserve regiment , the "290 e régiment d'infanterie".

  • 1914: Fights near Gedine, La Sormonne, Bethoncourt, Battle of the Marne , Battle of the Yser
  • 1915: Fights in Artois , near Roclincourt, Loos, Les Cornouailles (Liévin) and Neuville-St-Vaast
  • 1916: Battle of Verdun , Battle of the Somme near Sailly-Saillisel and Bouchavesnes
  • 1917: Battle of the Aisne , fighting at the Ferme d'Hurtebise
  • 1918 : Aggressive battles on the Somme near the Ferme d'Anchin, aggression battles on the Aisne near Ravin de Mareuil, Orme de Montécouvé, Froidmont-Cohantelle and Bauvré

Interwar period

The regiment was disbanded in May 1929.

Second World War

The unit, hastily assembled from the rubble of other regiments only on May 30, 1940, fought within the limits of its possibilities from June 1 to June 30, 1940. After the end of the fighting, it was disbanded.

Regimental flags since Napoleonic times

On the back of the regimental flag (since Napoleonic times) the campaigns and battles in which the regiment took part are listed in gold letters.

Regimental flag

Awards

The flag ribbon is decorated with the Croix de guerre 1914–1918 Croix de Guerre 1914 1918.jpgwith two palm branches for two honorable mention in the army command and a gold-plated star for a special mention in the corps command.

In the event of a re-establishment, the members of the regiment have the right to wear the Fourragère in the colors of the Croix de guerre .

literature

  • Général Serge Andolenko : Recueil d'historiques de l'infanterie française. Eurimprim, Paris 1969.
  • Historique du 90 e Régiment d'infanterie de ligne, ex - 15 e léger. Ch.Tanera, Paris 1875 ( digitized on Gallica ).
  • Jean Dalat: Les 66 e et 90 e RI au combat en 1939–1940. Imprimerie P. Oudin, Poitiers 1961 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  • Ordonnance du Roy. Pour mettre le Régiment d'Infanterie de Chartres sous le nom du S r Marquis d'Estempes. Du 5 janvier 1724. Imprimerie Royale, Paris 1724 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  • M. Pinard: Chronologie historique-militaire. Volume 5 ( digitized version ), 7 ( digitized version ) and 8 ( digitized version ). Claude Hérissant, Paris 1762, 1764 and 1778.

Web links

Commons : Drapeaux du 90e regiment d'infanterie  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b Pierre Lemau de la Jaisse: Cinquième abrégé de la carte générale du militaire de France, sur terre et sur mer. Depuis Novembre 1737 jusqu'en Décembre 1738. Gandouin et al., Paris 1739, OCLC 458013263 .
  2. ↑ Ordonnance du Roy. Pour mettre le Régiment d'Infanterie de Chartres sous le nom du S r Marquis d'Estempes. Du 5 janvier 1724. Imprimerie Royale, Paris 1724, p. 1 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  3. ↑ incorrectly referred to in the picture as "colonelle"
  4. ↑ «  Décision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT du 14 September 2007 relative aux inscriptions de noms de batailles sur les drapeaux et étendards des corps de troupe de l'armée de terre, du service de santé des armées et du service des essences des armées, Bulletin officiel des armées, n ° 27, 9 November 2007  »(German:“ Provision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT of September 14, 2007 on the appearance of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the Troops of the army, the medical service and the fuel supply branch. Published with the official army bulletin No. 27 of November 9, 2007 ")
  5. ↑ "  Arrêté relatif à l'attribution de l'inscription AFN 1952–1962 sur les drapeaux et étendards des formations des armées et services, du 19 novembre 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie  " (German: "Order AFN 1952–1962 on the assignment of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the formations of the army and the services of November 19, 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie ")
  6. ↑ This also applies to units that have already been disbanded, as they can (theoretically) be put back into active service at any time