38 e régiment d'infantry

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Régiment de Dauphiné
38 e regiment d'infanterie

Insigne régimentaire du 38e Régiment d'Infanterie.jpg

Internal association badge
active 1663 to 1966
Country Armoiries république française.svg France
Armed forces Flag of France.svg French armed forces
Armed forces Flag of France.svg Armée française de terre
Branch of service infantry
Type Mechanized infantry regiment
Location Saint-Etienne
Patron saint Saint-Maurice d'Agaune
motto Ah quel métier de pivoter pour avancer
Regimental flag of Dauphiné and all predecessors until 1791

The 38 e régiment d'infanterie ( 38 e RI ) was an association of French infantry. The regiment took part in all wars with French participation from its formation up to World War II. It no longer exists today.

Before regiment numbering was introduced on January 1, 1791, it was last named Régiment de Dauphiné in the royal French army .

A regiment of the same name already existed from 1684 to 1749: → Régiment de Dauphiné (1684) .

Lineup and significant changes

  • October 26, 1629: Established as Régiment de Nettancourt
  • December 18, 1652: Renamed the Régiment de Dampierre
  • 1689: Renamed the Régiment de Chappes
  • 1690: Renamed the Régiment d'Humières
  • 1702: Renamed the Régiment de Charost
  • April 2, 1712: Renamed the Régiment de Saillant
  • 1732: Renamed the Régiment d'Estaing
  • 1734: Renamed the Regiment de Noailles
  • June 29, 1744: Renamed the Régiment de Custine
  • 1749: Renamed the Régiment de Saint-Chamond
  • 1762: Renamed the Régiment de Rosen
  • December 10, 1762: Renamed the Régiment de Dauphiné , after the province of Dauphiné
  • January 1, 1791: renamed 38 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne
Premier amalgams
  • 1794: The 2nd battalion was used to set up the "76 e demi-brigade de bataille".
  • June 19, 1795: The 1st battalion was used to set up the "75 e demi-brigade de bataille".
  • 1803/04: When the Demi-brigades were converted back into regiments, the 38 e RI was not rebuilt. During the time of the consulate and the First Empire , it was listed in the French regimental lists as "vacant".
  • 1814: In the course of the first restoration , the existing 40 e RI was renamed the 38 e RI.

This interrupted the history of the regiment in 1794 until 1828, even if the French army initially continued this for the two de facto remaining battalions until 1804, which is why some of the battles of the coalition wars are listed on the last regimental flag.

  • 1815: During the reign of the Hundred Days , the number 40 was returned.
  • 1828: re-established as 38 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne
  • 1940: dissolution
  • 1944: re-erection
  • 1945: dissolution
  • 1963: re-installation
  • 1966: final dissolution

Mestres de camp / Colonels

Mestre de camp was from 1569 to 1661 and from 1730 to 1780 the denomination of rank for the regiment holder and / or for the officer in charge of the regiment. The name "Colonel" was used from 1721 to 1730, from 1791 to 1793 and from 1803 onwards.

After 1791 there were no more regimental owners.

Should the Mestre de camp / Colonel be a person of the high nobility who had no interest in leading the regiment, the command was given to the “Mestre de camp lieutenant” (or “Mestre de camp en second”) or the Leave a colonel lieutenant or colonel en second.

  • October 26, 1629: Louis II, marquis de Nettancourt
  • 1638: Nettancourt
  • December 18, 1652: Henry Duval, comte , then marquis de Dampierre
  • 1669: Comte de Dampierre
  • March 12, 1689: Louis François d'Aumont, marquis de Chappes, then duc d'Humières
  • February 9, 1702: Louis Joseph de Béthune, marquis, then duc de Charost
  • 1709: Duc de Charost
  • April 2, 1712: Charles François, marquis de Saillant, then comte d'Estaing
  • 1734: Comte, then duc de Noailles
  • June 29, 1744: Marc Antoine, marquis de Custine
  • 1749: Marquis de Saint-Chamond
  • 1762: Comte de Rosen
  • 1770: Viscount de Pons
  • 1788: Charles-Laure de Mac-Mahon
  • August 1791: Colonel Lagardiolle

[...]

  • 1870: Colonel Minot
  • November 25, 1870-13. December 1870: Colonel François Auguste Logerot
  • 1870: Lieutenant-Colonel Courtot
  • 1939: Colonel Louis Grélot

Uniforms and flags during the ancien régime

The regiment carried nine flags, one of which was the white flag of the Colonel (regiment owner).

  • 1720 to 1734

  • 1734 to 1762

  • 1762 to 1776

  • 1776 to 1779

  • 1779 to 1791

  • 38 e régiment d'infantry

Battle calendar

Wars in which the regiment participated

War of devolution
Dutch War
Reunion War
War of the Palatinate Succession
War of the Spanish Succession
Quadruple Alliance War
War of the Polish Succession
War of the Austrian Succession
Seven Years War
Conquest of Algeria
Coalition wars
Franco-German War
First World War
Second World War

1815 to 1852

Second empire

Crouchy barracks in Saint-Etienne

1870 to 1914

Franco-German War

On October 15, 1870, the regiment belonged to the Armée de la Loire (Loire Army). On November 17, the unit fought in battle near Torçay and then had to give up a marching company to set up the "36 e régiment de marche" (36th March regiment).

On November 24th, parts of the regiment formed the "29 e régiment de marche".

Together with the “4 e bataillon de chasseurs de marche” under Commandant Sicco, the “1 er régiment Zouaves de marche” under Lieutenant-Colonel Chaulan, the Mobiles de la Nièvre under Lieutenant-Colonel de Bourgoing, the “Bataillon d'infanterie de marine “under Commandant Laurent and a field gun battery with Canon de 4 modèle In 1858 , the 38 e RI formed the 1st Brigade under the command of Général de Chabron (then Général Minot).

On December 28, 1870, the 38 e RI was assigned to the Armée de l'Est by Général de division Charles Denis Bourbaki .

First World War

From August 1914 to June 1915 the regiment belonged to the 25th Infantry Division and from June 1915 to November 1918 to the 120th Infantry Division.

1914
August to November: trench warfare in the Vosges
1915
November 1914 to November 1915: Trench warfare in the Somme - Oise section near Roye , Le Hamel and Ribécourt
1916
from February 23: Battle of Verdun
from the beginning of July: summer battle
1917
From the beginning of the year: position battles in the Somme – Oise section
July to September: position battles in front of Verdun
1918
April: Trench warfare at St. Quentin
May: Attack fighting on the Chemin des Dames
November 11th: Invasion of Vouziers

47 officers as well as 850 NCOs and men died during the fighting between 1914 and 1918 or died as a result of the consequences.

Interwar period

  • March 1928: Assignment to the 25th Motorized Infantry Division

Second World War

On August 27, 1939, the regiment, together with the 92 e régiment d'infanterie motorisée and the "121 e régiment d'infanterie motorisée", formed the "5 e groupe de reconnaissance de division d'infanterie motorisée" (5th reconnaissance group of the motorized infantry).

The regiment spent the winter of 1939/40 in the Brouckerque region .

In May 1940 the unit was in the Lille pocket . On the occasion of the surrender of the troops trapped here, the regiment was ordered by the division commander on May 29 to burn the flag so as not to let it fall into the hands of the enemy.

On May 28, the Lieutenant Sanglerat and some of his men briefly captured the German General Fritz Kühne (commander of the 253rd Infantry Division).

The escaped remnants of the regiment fought in the Battle of Dunkirk and thus contributed to the escape of the British expeditionary force.

Used in the reconquest of France 1944–1945.

post war period

After the war ended in 1945, the regiment was disbanded.

On May 22nd, the "38 e bataillon d'infanterie" was put into service in a ceremonial act in front of the town hall of Saint-Étienne , but disbanded a few months later. In 1963 the "38 e RI" was set up again and dissolved again in 1966.

  • Badge of the 38 e battalion d'infanterie, which only existed for a short time

Regimental flags since the revolution

  • 1st Battalion 1791 to 1793

  • 2nd Battalion 1791 to 1793

  • 1st Battalion 1793 to 1794

  • 2nd Battalion 1793 to 1794

  • 1814 front page

  • 1814 back

  • 1830

  • 1830

  • 1848

On the back of the regimental flag (since Napoleonic times) the campaigns and battles in which the regiment took part are listed in gold letters.

  • 38e rég inf 1940 av.png
  • 38e rég inf 1940 rev.png

Motto

Ah quel métier de pivoter pour avancer
(Ah, what a business where you have to turn around to move forward)

Honors

The flag ribbon is decorated with the Croix de guerre 1914–1918 with three palm branches for three honorable mention in the army command, a gold-plated star for a special mention in the corps command and a silver star for a special mention in the divisional command.

The members of the regiment have the right to wear the Fourragère in the colors for at least six honorable mentions in the army command.

The flag ribbon is still decorated with the Croix de guerre 1939-1945 with a silver star for an honorable mention in the corps command.

  • Croix de guerre 1914-1918

  • Croix de guerre 1939-1945

A total of 212 members of the regiment were awarded the Médaille militaire .

literature

  • Pierre Lemau de la Jaisse: Cinquième abrégé de la carte générale du militaire de France, sur terre et sur mer. Depuis Novembre 1737 jusqu'en Décembre 1738. Gandouin et al., Paris 1739, OCLC 458013263 .
  • M. Pinard: Chronologie historique-militaire. Volume 4 ( digitized on Gallica ), 6 ( digitized ), 7 ( digitized ) and 8 ( digitized ). Claude Hérissant, Paris 1761, 1763, 1764 and 1778.
  • Paul-Prosper Vermeil de Conchard: État militaire de la France au milieu du XVIII e siècle. Les Régiments limousins ​​et leur filiation jusqu'à nos jours. In: Bulletin de la Société scientifique historique et archéologique du Périgord. No. 41, 1919, pp. 84-89 ( digitized on Gallica ).

Web links

Commons : Flags of the 38 ° regiment d'infanterie  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ German: 38th Infantry Regiment
  2. ↑ Pierre Lemau de la Jaisse: Cinquième abrégé de la carte générale du militaire de France, sur terre et sur mer. Depuis Novembre 1737 jusqu'en Décembre 1738. Gandouin et al., Paris 1739, OCLC 458013263 .
  3. ↑ Victor Louis Jean François Belhomme: Histoire de l'infantry en France. Volume 5. H. Charles-Lavauzelle, Paris 1902, p. 151.
  4. ↑ «  Décision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT du 14 September 2007 relative aux inscriptions de noms de batailles sur les drapeaux et étendards des corps de troupe de l'armée de terre, du service de santé des armées et du service des essences des armées, Bulletin officiel des armées, n ° 27, 9 November 2007  »(German:“ Provision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT of September 14, 2007 on the appearance of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the Troops of the army, the medical service and the fuel supply branch. Published with the official army bulletin No. 27 of November 9, 2007 ")
  5. ↑ "  Arrêté relatif à l'attribution de l'inscription AFN 1952–1962 sur les drapeaux et étendards des formations des armées et services, du 19 novembre 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie  " (German: "Order AFN 1952–1962 on the assignment of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the formations of the army and the services of November 19, 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie ")
  6. ↑ This also applies to units that have already been disbanded, as they can (theoretically) be put back into active service at any time