93 e régiment d'infantry

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Régiment d'Enghien
93 e regiment d'infanterie

Insigne régimentaire du 93e Régiment d'Infanterie..jpg

Badge of 93 e régiment d'infantry
active 1706 to 1997
Country Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg France
Armed forces Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg french army
Armed forces infantry
Type regiment
Location last garrison:
Patron saint Saint-Maurice d'Agaune
motto À de tels hommes rien d'impossible

The 93 e régiment d'infanterie was a French infantry regiment that existed until 1815 and then again from 1855 to 1997. It was set up in 1706 as the "Régiment d'Enghien" of the royal army of the Ancien Régime .

Lineup and significant changes

The regiment was established on February 1, 1706 by Louis-Henri de Bourbon-Condé , duc d'Enghien, went into the possession of Charles de Bourbon, comte de Charolais on September 15, 1709 and on April 1, 1716 in the possession of Louis de Bourbon, comte de Clermont about. After the death of the latter, the regiment remained without an owner until July 17, 1788 when it was handed over to Louis Antoine Henri de Bourbon-Condé, duc d'Enghien , who was thus the last owner of the regiment.

  • 1706 : Establishment of the Régiment d'Enghien
  • January 1, 1791 : Renamed "93 e régiment d'infanterie (ci – devant d'Enghien)"
  • 1794 : In the course of the Premier amalgame (first amalgamation) the regiment was split up. The 1st battalion was used to set up the "169 e demi-brigade de bataille" and the 2nd battalion to set up the "170 e demi-brigade de bataille".
  • 1796 : With the organizational change of the second amalgame (Deuxieme amalgame) the "93 e demi-brigade d'infanterie" was set up. It consisted of:
the former "41 e demi-brigade de bataille"
with the former 1st Battalion of the 41 e régiment d'infanterie (ci-devant Guyenne)
with the former 2nd "Bataillon des volontaires du Doubs"
the former 4th "Bataillon des volontaires de l'Eure"
the former "207 e demi-brigade de bataille"
with the former 10th "Bataillon des volontaires du Doubs"
with the former 14th "Bataillon des volontaires des Vosges"
with the former 10th "Bataillon des volontaires de la Côte d'Or"
  • September 24, 1803 : In the course of the renewed reorganization, the name was changed to "93 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne". However, this had nothing to do with the former "Régiment d'Enghien".
  • 1815 : dissolution.
  • 1855 : By converting the “ light infantry ” into “ line infantry ”, the “18 e régiment d'infanterie légère” became the “93 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne”.
  • 1882 : Renamed "93 e régiment d'infanterie".
  • 1920 : Resolution (The tradition was from 65 e régiment d'infantry continued).
  • 1939 : re-erection.
  • 1940 : dissolution.
  • 1945 : Provisional reassembly in the Maquis .
  • 1946 : Active as 93 e battalion d'infanterie.
  • 1948 : Reinforcement in the "93 e régiment d'infanterie".
  • 1964 : dissolution.
  • 1979 : re-installation.
  • 1997 : dissolution.

Mestres de camp / Colonels

Mestre de camp was from 1569 to 1661 and from 1730 to 1780 the denomination of rank for the regiment holder and / or for the officer in charge of the regiment. The name "Colonel" was used from 1721 to 1730, from 1791 to 1793 and from 1803 onwards.

After 1791 there were no more regimental owners.

Should the Mestre de camp / Colonel be a person of the high nobility who had no interest in leading the regiment (such as the king or queen), the command was given to the "Mestre de camp lieutenant" (or “Mestre de camp en second”) or the “Colonel-lieutenant” or “Colonel en second”.

  • February 1, 1706: Louis de Beaupoil, comte de Sainte-Aulaire, died near Rumersheim on August 16, 1709
  • April 26, 1710: Léon de Madaillan de Lesparre, marquis de Lassay
  • April 15, 1726: Louis-Gabriel des Acres, comte de Laigle
  • September 10, 1744: Louis – Joseph de Beaumont, marquis d'Autichamp,
  • July 10, 1747: Jean – François, comte de Billy
  • January 23, 1750: François – Alexandre, comte de Polignac
  • May 7, 1750: Antoine de Malvin, chevalier de Montazet
  • May 16, 1760: François Auzon de Lammerville
  • December 1, 1762: Charles de Malvin, marquis de Montazet
  • March 1, 1784: Marie – Yves, marquis de Goulet
  • July 25, 1791: Sylvain – Joseph, chevalier de Grammont

Between 1794 and 1803 there were no regiments, only composite demi-brigades

93 e regiment de ligne
  • 1856 to 1857: Eugène – Jacques – Charles Paulze d'Ivoy
  • 1857 to 1866: Jules – Louis – Marie Pissonet de Bellefonds
93 e régiment d'infantry
  • 1866 to 1874: Louis – Jean – Baptiste Ganzin
  • 1874 to 1881: Émile – Auguste Heintz
  • 1881 to 1886: Georges Lecluze
  • 1886 to 1890: Charles – Marie – Louis comte Boscal de Réals
  • 1890 to 1896: Gustave – Étienne Ragaine
  • 1896 to 1902: Groth
  • 1902 to 1903: Bérard
  • 1903 to 1904: Micheau
  • 1904 to 1906: d'Arazc
  • 1906 to 1910: Antoine de Villaret
  • 1910 to 1914: de Laporte d'Huste
  • 1914: Colonel Hétet, fatally wounded on the night of September 7th to 6th near Fère-Champenoise
  • 1914 to 1915: Lieutenant-colonel Jahan, killed on September 25, 1915 near Tourbe in Champagne
  • 1915 to 1918: Commandant (then Lieutenant-Colonel ) Lafouge, killed on the Chemin des Dames on May 27, 1918.
  • May 27, 1918: Capitaine Delafosse took over command until the end of the war.
  • June 7, 1918 to 1922: Lieutenant-colonel Berducou
  • 1939 to 1940: Lieutenant-Colonel Moreau
  • 1940: Lieutenant-Colonel Le Balle
  • 1944 to 1945: Germain (unit of the Maquis).
  • 1946 to 1947: Chief de bataillon Bernachot
  • 1947 to 1948: Lieutenant – colonel Besson
  • 1948 to 1950: Colonel Ginestet
  • 1950 to 1952: Colonel Micheau
  • 1952 to 1954: Colonel Prud'homme
  • 1954 to 1955: Colonel Sarraute-Darrivière
  • 1955 to 1956: Lieutenant – colonel Chalandon
  • 1957 to 1958: Colonel Jaud
  • 1958 to 1960: Colonel Charlet
  • 1960 to 1961: Colonel Gazeau
  • 1961 to 1962: Colonel Abrial
  • 1962 to 1964: Lieutenant – colonel Thozet
  • 1979: Colonel Vernant
  • 1979 to 1983: Lt-Colonel (CR) Muller
  • 1983 to 1986: Lt-Colonel (CR) Crombe
  • 1986 to 1988: Lieutenant – colonel Hervé
  • 1988 to 1993: Lieutenant – colonel Laudren
  • 1993 to 1996: Colonel Louis
  • 1996 to 1997: Lieutenant – colonel Cochin

Furnishing

Flags

The regiment carried three flags, a white body flag (Drapeau colonelle) and two orderly flags.

  • White body flag (Drapeau colonelle)

  • Rég Enghien 1706/1710 & Comte de Charolais

Uniformity

  • Rég Enghien 1762

  • Rég Enghien 1776–1779

  • Rég Enghien 1779–1791

  • 93 e RI 1791

  • 93 e RI 1792

Calls

War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714)

  • 1707 : The regiment was first deployed under the command of Maréchal de Villars in the attack on the Bühl-Stollhofen line . It marched under de Villars through Swabia and Franconia and was able to free a number of prisoners of war from the Second Battle of Höchstädt who were being held in towns on the right bank of the Rhine.
  • 1708 : A battalion was sent to Flanders, where it reinforced the armed forces there, which had been severely decimated in the battle of Oudenaarde . During the siege of Lille , the battalion remained in the camp of Meldert (now part of Aalst ). The other battalion was in Alsace without action .
  • 1709 : The regiment was able to distinguish itself on August 26th in the battle near Rumersheim-le-Haut , in which 20,000 French and Austrian soldiers faced each other. The commandant of the Austrians was Field Marshal Claudius Florimund Mercy , who could not prevail against the French and had to mourn 1,200 dead , as opposed to 131 fallen French. The place Rumersheim went up in flames. The "Regiment d'Enghien" attacked with unbridled force and lost the commandant, Lieutenant Colonel de Sainte-Aulaire and his deputy, Lieutenant Colonel de Virieu. Then it withdrew to its starting position on the Lauter. In October it was commissioned to monitor the area on the Saar together with the Régiment de Rouergue and the Régiment de Royal-Bavière . It stayed in this area until peace, moved to Strasbourg, then back to the Saar line and was involved in the capture of Landau and Freiburg im Breisgau in 1713 .

By reducing the army after the peace treaty in 1714, the regiment was reduced to one battalion. It took the last place with the number 96 in the ranking of the infantry regiments. This rank, which it was to retain until the end of the royal army, ultimately led to a mocking verse, which however did not stand up to reality.

«Enghien!
Dernier au feu,
Premier au pain. »

“Enghien!
Last in the fire,
first on bread. "

This last rank also brought him the last position in the marching order and the first position in work assignments.

In 1727 it was in the camp on the Saône.

War of the Polish Succession (1733-1738)

  • 1733 : Campaign on the Rhine
  • 1734 : Participation in the attack on the Ettlinger lines and in the capture of Philippsburg . On December 16, a second battalion was set up again.
  • 1735 : Battle near Klausen . After the end of the war he was moved to Strasbourg.

War of the Austrian Succession (1742 to 1748)

  • 1742 : Together with the Régiment d'Auvergne , it marched to Bavaria in March , made stops in Donauwörth and Neuburg and then moved on to Bohemia . Here it was involved in the capture of Elbogen and Kaaden . Then the retreat to Braunau am Inn and the billeting in Landshut took place . In December, while the garrison was withdrawing from Prague , the unit was commanded to Burglengenfeld under his lieutenant colonel Comte de Chamborant . After it had covered the transition of the troops from Maréchal Belle-Isle over the Naab , “d'Enghien” was parked at Landshut.
  • 1743 : After the evacuation of Landshut, Wörth Castle was occupied. A ford across the Danube was secured here. It formed a brigade with the Régiment de Picardie On April 2, the grenadiers, under the command of Colonel-lieutenant Desbarreaux of the Régiment de La Marck, took part in the attack near Bischofsmais on an Austrian money transport secured by the Forgatz Hussar Regiment . The hussars were chased away, the transport of money captured. On April 11th, "Enghien" left Wörth, 100 men stayed behind as guard and marched to Regenstauf to replace the two regiments that had been assigned to relieve the Eger garrison and withdrawn. Shortly afterwards it moved to Deggendorf , where it stood out in the battle on May 27th. Almost the entire city burned down. The regiment lost Capitaine Rollin and 24 men killed. After Karl Alexander von Lorraine began to cross the Danube, the regiment marched to Donauwörth, then to Regensburg and from there to the Rhine. The 2nd battalion, under the command of Capitaine Lamarre, was deployed during the retreat to protect the convoy with the wounded and sick of the army. After returning to France, the unit was deployed in Alsace and fought in combat near Rheinweiler . The next day the 131-man detachment , which had remained under Capitaine Prisselet to defend Ingolstadt , reached the unit. "Enghien" spent the winter in the fortress of Hüningen .
Location of Suffelsheim, Augenheim and Fort-Louis

During the peacetime, the regiment was initially in the Saarlouis camp in 1754 and then moved to Honfleur in 1756

Seven Years War (1756 to 1763)

Battle of Hastenbeck
  • 1757 : "Enghien" was one of the most committed units in the Battle of Hastenbeck , the Capitaines Saint-Pont and Mirval were killed, Major La Peyrouse and 20 other officers were wounded. After that, the regiment was involved in the capture of Minden and Hanover and fought in battle at Kloster Zeven and Celle
  • 1758 : Back on the Rhine, it was used in the battle of Krefeld .
  • 1759 : Enghien fought in a brigade with the Régiment du Dauphin in the battle near Bergen . Here it lost the Capitaine de Ray. After the battle of Minden and the retreat to Kassel , the regiment had to mourn the Capitaines de Migre, Vauferment, and Practomal as dead, and 12 other officers were wounded.
  • 1760 : Without taking much interest , the unit was involved in the battle near Korbach , the Battle of Warburg and the Battle of Kampen Monastery . On July 3, “Enghien” fought brilliantly in the battle near Werleshausen . In September the regiment was at the siege of Meppen .
  • 1762 : At the beginning of the year he returned to France.

Peace time

It was Garrison in Mezieres and Rocroi respect, then in May 1763 relocation to Landrecies and Avesnes , according to Conde in April 1764 after Sedan in November 1764 to Briancon in August 1765 to Toulon in May 1766 by Bordeaux and Blaye in November 1767, to Lille in December 1770, to Aire in September 1772, to Brest (Finistère) in October 1774, to Belle-Île in November 1775, to Brest in 1776, to Saint-Jean-d'Angély and the Île d ' Oléron in October 1777.

Revolution time

The now “93 e régiment d'infanterie (ci-devant d'Enghien)” was in Bourg in June 1792 and marched the following month to Belfort and Strasbourg. The 2nd battalion remained there, the 1st battalion was assigned to the army of Custine . It was involved in the action against the Austrians near Speyer, in which an Austrian battalion, two battalions of the Kurmainz garrison of Mainz and various smaller troops, a total of 3200 men, attacked on September 29th by Custine with his around 18,000 men from Landau and this Corps under the command of Electorate Mainz Colonel Damian von Winkelmann was forced to surrender. Lieutenant Colonel La Potterieprevost had died on September 26th. It was then further involved in the conquest of the Palatinate, moved into garrison in Mainz and moved to the Vendée in August 1793 to fight the uprisings there . In December 1793 it was used in the Second Battle of Weissenburg

On June 10, 1794, the regimental association was disbanded and the two battalions used to set up demi-brigades .

Second Empire

On August 1, 1870, the regiment was assigned to the Armée du Rhin.

Together with the 94 e régiment d'infantry it formed the second infantry brigade under the command of General Colin. This brigade, plus the 1st Infantry Brigade under the command of Général Becquet de Sonnay, three batteries of four Canon de 4 modèle 1858 guns and a pioneer company formed the 3rd Infantry Division under Général de division Lafont de Villiers. The division was part of the 6th Army Corps of Maréchal Canrobert .

At the same time, on August 16, 1870, a fourth battalion was formed from the surplus and newcomers. This battalion left the depot to form the 12th Marching Regiment , which was assigned to the 2nd Brigade of the 2nd Division in the 13th Army Corps.

First World War

The regiment was mobilized in La Roche-sur-Yon .

It belonged to the 42nd Infantry Brigade of the 2nd Infantry Division in the 11th Army Corps. It consisted mostly of residents of the Vendée.

1914

1915

1916

1917

1918

Second World War

On September 9, 1939, the regiment was mobilized under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Le Balle and assigned to the 7th Infantry Division. The “Région Militaire, Center Mobilisateur d'infanterie” was responsible for the mobilization; Réserve A RI Type NE (CMI 43) ”.

No information is available about the operations during the war , nor about their whereabouts after the end of the fighting.

After the armistice with France it was dissolved or declared dissolved.

post war period

In 1946 the regiment was reorganized in the Caserne Charras in Courbevoie and in the Camp de Frileuse in Beynes .

Algerian war

In 1957 the 93 e RI formed a demi-brigade under the command of Colonel Jaud and was relocated to Oujda , Morocco . From there, the command to Algeria followed . In the Oran department, the town of Inkerman (now Oued Rhiou ) was captured in the canton of Relizane . The 2nd company was sent to Ammi Moussa . She was supposed to control the Wilaya de Relizane (a kind of union community) and the Chélif Valley and keep the peaks of the Ouarsenis in check.

After the end of the war , the 93 e régiment d'infanterie was used on March 19, 1962, as well as 91 other units to form the national armed forces. This was based on the Treaty of Evian of 18 March 1962. It introduced the 485 e UFL UFO and 486 e UFL UFO (UFL = Union des forces locales - UFO = Union des forces de l'ordre ) of the armed forces of the Provisional Algerian Government on. The unit consisted of 10% military personnel from the metropolitan areas and 90% of military personnel with rural roots (Militaires musulmans) . After the independence of Algeria, these formed the regular armed forces .

Regimental flag

On the back of the regimental flag (since Napoleonic times) the campaigns and battles in which the regiment took part are listed in gold letters.

  • front

  • back

Flag of the 93 e RI in Valenciennes

Awards

  • The flag ribbon is decorated with the Croix de guerre 1914–1918 with two palm branches for the two honorable mention in a daily order of the army. Due to the participation in the Battle of Solferino, the regiment was awarded the gold medal of the city of Milan in 1909.
  • Croix de guerre 2 p.png
  • Medal d'or de Milan.png

The members of the regiment have the right to wear the Fourragère in the colors of the "Croix de Guerre 1914-1918" (even in the event of a possible reassembly) .

  • Général Duchesne, 1805:

"The commander in chief is very pleased with the bravery, order and discipline of the 93rd regiment"

«Vous voyez bien qu'il n'y a rien d'impossible avec de tels hommes. »

"You can see that nothing is impossible with men like that."

Motto

À de tels hommes rien d'impossible.
(Nothing is impossible for such men.)

Personalities who served in the regiment

Footnotes

  1. ↑ "ci-devant" = previously
  2. ↑ However, the tradition of the French army does not take this into account, the main criterion is always the number!
  3. ↑ 18th Light Infantry Regiment, established in 1820
  4. ↑ Cinquième abrégé général du militaire de France, sur terre et sur mer. Lemau de la Jaisse, Paris 1739.
  5. ↑ today a district of Strasbourg
  6. ↑ Major was not a rank, but the department designation for the head of the regimental administration.
  7. ^ Opération du 13e corps d'armée et de la 3e armée durant le Siège de Paris (1870). (Général Vinoy, p. 7 and 15)
  8. ↑ «  Décision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT du 14 September 2007 relative aux inscriptions de noms de batailles sur les drapeaux et étendards des corps de troupe de l'armée de terre, du service de santé des armées et du service des essences des armées, Bulletin officiel des armées, n ° 27, 9 November 2007  »(German:“ Provision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT of September 14, 2007 on the appearance of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the Troops of the army, the medical service and the fuel supply branch. Published with the official army bulletin No. 27 of November 9, 2007 ")
  9. ↑ "  Arrêté relatif à l'attribution de l'inscription AFN 1952–1962 sur les drapeaux et étendards des formations des armées et services, du 19 novembre 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie  " (German: "Order AFN 1952–1962 on the assignment of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the formations of the army and the services of November 19, 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie ")
  10. ↑ This also applies to units that have already been disbanded, as they can (theoretically) be put back into active service at any time

literature

  • Chronology historique-militaire. par M. Pinard, Volumes 4, 5 & 8, Paris 1761, 1762 & 1778.
  • Recueil d'Historiques de l'Infanterie Française. Général Andolenko, éd. Eurimprim, 1969.
  • Histoire de l'infanterie française. Volume 5, Librairie militaire J. Dumaine, Paris 1876, pp. 102-107.

Web links

Commons : Drapeaux du 93e régiment d'infanterie  - Collection of images, videos and audio files