François Certain de Canrobert
François-Marcellin Certain de Canrobert (born June 27, 1809 in Saint-Céré , Département Lot , † January 28, 1895 in Paris ) was a Marshal of France .
Life
Canrobert was trained in the military school in Saint-Cyr and was promoted to Sous-lieutenant in 1828 . He distinguished himself in Algeria since 1835 and took part in the storming of Constantine in 1837 as a captain . In 1839 he returned to France to form a battalion for the Foreign Legion from scattered Carlists . Transferred to the hunters on foot (Chasseurs à pied), he went back to Algeria in 1841, where he took part in many battles under Cavaignac and Saint-Arnaud , since 1847 as colonel and commander of the Zouave regiment , especially during the 1849 expedition to the Zaaja . Appointed as Général de brigade to Paris in 1850 , he became adjutant to the Prince-President, whom he decided to join after much hesitation.
In the coup d'état in 1851 he was one of Louis Napoleon's most active assistants , brought peace to Paris and was promoted to Général de division in 1852 .
In the Crimean War he commanded the first of four French divisions. This he led in the battle of the Alma . After the death of the French commander-in-chief, Saint-Arnaud , on September 29, 1854, he was appointed his successor and commanded the siege of Sevastopol . At the beginning of May 1855 the Allies carried out an expedition to Kerch , in the south-east of the Crimea. The troops that had already embarked returned without attacking the city. The reason for this was a telegraphic order from the French emperor. The relationship between the Allies had suffered when the expedition was canceled and Canrobert was mocked by the English as Robert Can't . Canrobert resigned because he could not achieve any decisive successes despite all his efforts and could no longer communicate with the English, on May 16, 1855, to make way for General Aimable Pélissier and again took over the command of the 1st Division.
Recalled to France in August 1855, he was given a mission to Stockholm to mediate Sweden's connection with the Allies. On March 18, 1856 he was appointed Marshal of France and was awarded the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor , and on June 12, 1867, King William I awarded him the Order of the Black Eagle . In January 1858 he became chief of the Military Division of the East (in Nancy ).
In the Sardinian War in 1859 he commanded the III. Army Corps and excelled in the Battle of Magenta . At the Battle of Solferino he was tasked with throwing back enemy troops advancing from Mantua . In doing so, however, he was unable to provide the oppressed General Niel with timely and sufficient support.
In 1861 he received the general command in Lyon . In the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71 he was first placed at the head of the mobile guards in the camp of Châlons , but because he could not control the rampant crowd due to his unpopularity, he took command of the VI under Bazaine's supreme command. Army Corps of the Rhine Army and fought on August 16 at the Battle of Mars-la-Tour and on August 18 at St.-Privat , which was snatched from him. Locked up in the fortress of Metz and caught during the surrender, he went to Kassel to see Emperor Napoleon III. and only returned to France after the peace agreement. He was one of the leaders of the Bonapartist party until the death of the Imperial Prince Napoléon Eugène Louis Bonaparte in the Zulu War in 1879 . Since 1879 he was a member of the Senate .
literature
- G. Félix: Le maréchal Canrobert . - Tours 1895
- François Bournand: Le Maréchal Canrobert . - Paris: Sanard & Derangeon, 1895
- Louis Martin: Le Maréchal Canrobert . - Paris: Lavau cell, 1895
- Cmdt. Grandin: Le dernier Maréchal de France: Canrobert . - Ed. Tolra & M. Simonet, 1895
- Germain Bapst: Le Maréchal Canrobert: Souvenirs d'un siècle . 6 volumes. - Paris: Plon, 1898–1931
- La Révolution de Juillet. La conquête de l'Algérie. 1848.
- Napoléon III et sa cour. La guerre de crimée.
- Paris et la cour pendant le Congrès. La naissance du Prince Impérial. La guerre d'Italie.
- Les souverains à Paris. Les fêtes des Tuileries. La guerre contre l'Allemagne (1870) .
- Bataille de Rezonville
- Bataille de Saint-Privat
Individual evidence
- ↑ List of the Knights of the Kgl. Prussian High Order of the Black Eagle, page 214 (38), Decker, Berlin, 1870
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Canrobert, François Certain de |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Canrobert, François-Marcellin Certain de |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French general and Marshal of France |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 27, 1809 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Saint-Céré , Lot department |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 28, 1895 |
| Place of death | Paris |