28 e régiment d'infantry

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Regiment de Maine
28 e regiment d'infanterie

Insigne régimentaire du 28e regiment d'infanterie de forteresse (1939) .jpg

Badge of 28 e régiment d'infantry (1939)
active 1776 to 1940
Country Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg France
Armed forces Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg french army
Armed forces infantry
Branch of service Fortress infantry
Type regiment
Location Evreux & Paris
Patron saint Saint-Maurice d'Agaune
motto "On ne passe pas"
Awards Croix de guerre

The 28 e régiment d'infanterie was a French infantry regiment (most recently the fortress infantry in the Maginot Line ) that existed until 1940. In the royal army of the Ancien Régime it carried the name "Régiment de Maine" until January 1, 1791.

Lineup and significant changes

  • 1776 : The Régiment de Lyonnais was divided in Calais . The 1st and 3rd Battalion remained in their old unit, while the 2nd and 4th Battalion formed the new "Régiment de Maine".
  • January 1, 1791 : In the course of the reorganization of the army during the French Revolution , all regiments lost their names and were now given a number. The new name was: 28 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne (ci-devant Maine) .
  • 1794 : Premier amalgame , the 1st battalion became the "55 e demi-brigade de première formation" (also called "55 e demi-brigade de bataille"), the 2nd battalion became the "56 e demi-brigade de première formation ”(also called“ 56 e demi-brigade de bataille ”).
  • September 24, 1803 : Renaming of the Demi-brigades - the former 28e demi-brigade d'infanterie became the "28 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne".
  • 1814 : The name was retained during the First Restoration and also during the rule of the Hundred Days .
  • July 16, 1815 : The regiment was disbanded with the Napoleonic Army .
  • August 11, 1815 : The "1 re légion du Nord" was set up as the successor association .
  • 1820 : The "58 e " and the "1 re légion du Nord" were merged to form the "28 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne".
  • 1870 : During the Franco-Prussian War the "28 e régiment de marche" (28th marching regiment) was set up.
  • 1871 : Renaming of the “28 e régiment de marche” to “28 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne”.
  • 1881 : Renamed "28 e régiment d'infanterie".
  • 1914 : Establishment of the "228 e régiment d'infanterie" as a reserve regiment of the 1st line.

Furnishings until 1791

Flags

The regiment carried three flags, a white body flag (Drapeau colonelle) and two orderly flags (one for each battalion).

  • Orderly flag

Uniformity

  • 1776

  • 1779 to 1791

  • 1791 to 1795

Mestres de camp / Colonels / Chefs de brigade

Mestre de camp was from 1569 to 1661 and from 1730 to 1780 the denomination of rank for the regiment holder and / or for the officer in charge of the regiment. The name "Colonel" was used from 1721 to 1730, from 1791 to 1793 and from 1803 onwards.

After 1791 there were no more regimental owners.

Should the Mestre de camp / Colonel be a person of the high nobility who had no interest in leading the regiment (such as the king or queen), the command was given to the “Mestre de camp lieutenant” (or "Mestre de camp en second") or left to the colonel lieutenant or colonel en second.

  • April 26, 1775: Mestre de camp Roger-Valentin, comte de Clarac
  • January 1, 1784: Colonel Antoine-Charles-Gabriel Bernard de Montessus, comte de Rully
  • July 25, 1791: Colonel François-Charles Le Prestre de Themericourt de Jaucourt
  • January 31, 1793: Colonel Claude D'Heran

(...)

  • 1803: Colonel Jean-François Clerc
  • 1804: Colonel Jean-Georges Edighoffen
  • 1806: Colonel Jean-François Toussaint
  • 1813: Colonel Marie-Joseph-Andre-Augustin de Capriol de Saint-Hilaire
  • 1815: Colonel Marc-Antoine-Alexandre De Saint-Michel

(...)

  • August 1914: Colonel André Allier.
  • 2nd to 4th September 1914: Commandant Denvignes.
  • September 4-14 , 1914: Capitaine Gaston Potin
  • September 10 to November 19, 1914: Lieutenant-colonel Ernest Capitant
  • November 19-25, 1914: Commandant Maurice Henneton
  • November 25, 1914 to May 26, 1915: Lieutenant-colonel Ernest Capitant.
  • May 27, 1915 to August 7, 1917: Lieutenant-colonel Louis Roller
  • August 7, 1917 to November 11, 1918: Lieutenant-colonel Jean de Gouvello

(...)

Mission history

After it was set up, it was moved to Arras in April 1776 , to Montdauphin and Embrun in October of the same year , to Belfort in November 1777 , to Sedan in April 1778 , to Coutances and Avranches in May 1779 , to Lamballe and Alençon in May 1780 , in November 1781 to Béziers , in November 1782 to Toulon , and in March 1783 to Montpellier .

Returning to Toulon in March 1784, she was embarked for Saint-Florent on April 6 and was still in Corsica when the revolution broke out.

Revolution time

On November 15, 1789, an uprising broke out in Bastia . The regiment had to take up arms against the residents and waged a fight in which five men were killed or wounded. However, a fraternization then took place between the inhabitants of Bastia and the soldiers of the “Régiment de Maine”. This did not meet with the approval of the regimental commander, Colonel de Rully, loyal to the king. Under no circumstances did he want to support the revolution and even shot one of his officers. However, he did not meet him, but a lady who was just passing by. Thereupon the house of Rully was literally besieged and shot at, Rully was killed on April 19, 1790.

“Maine” stayed in Corsica for another year. Embarked in May 1791, she arrived in Toulon on May 27th and immediately marched on Draguignan . At the end of that year it was briefly in Arles and returned to Draguignan in December. In April 1792 it moved to Antibes and Monaco

It was part of the small army with which Général Anselme conquered the county of Nice , after which the 1st battalion remained in camp Var, the 2nd battalion returned to Monaco. At the beginning of 1793, the two battalions in Nice were garrisoned when Général Armand-Louis de Gontaut, duc de Biron took command. "Maine" soon distinguished itself in the Battle of Sospello on February 13th, in the capture of the Braons camp, and February 28th and February 29th in the fighting at Lantosca. Here, under the protection of the artillery, the regiment's grenadiers were able to climb the heights and drive the enemy from Entrevaux to Vesubia. On March 28th the Piedmontese came to attack the Braons camp; however, they were turned away by the regiment's grenadiers. After the Duc de Brion was replaced by Général Jean-Baptiste Brunet , the 2nd Battalion marched to Toulon and was still there when the city was handed over to the English and Spanish by the inhabitants. The garrison was too weak to prevent that. The battalion was combined with two battalions from the Var département to form a regiment that was named "Régiment de Royal-Louis" and was more or less forced to take part in the defense .

The 1st Battalion was meanwhile still in the Alpes-Maritimes and later came to the Armée d'Italie . With the formation of the Demi-brigades in the Premier amalgame , the traditional line of the regiment ended and it became so on September 24, 1803 with the formation of a new "28 e régiment d'infanterie" (which had nothing to do with the original regiment) continued.

First empire

  • 1805 : Campaign in Austria
December 2nd: Battle of Austerlitz
  • 1806/1807 : Campaign in Prussia and Poland
Battle of Jena and Auerstedt
Battle of Lübeck
Battle of Eylau
  • 1808 to 1814 :?
  • 1815 : Campaign in Belgium
Battle of Waterloo

1815 to 1848

1823 : Campaign to Spain
1830 : By order of September 18, a fourth battalion was set up. The regiment's strength was now 3000 men.
1830 : Used in the conquest of Algeria

Second empire

Siege of Sevastopol

1870 to 1914

Battle of Mars-la-Tour
Battle of Gravelotte

On August 16, 1870, the 4th battalion - formed from new arrivals - left the depot and formed the "13 régiment de marche" (13th marching regiment ) in the 1st brigade of the 3rd division of the 13th Army Corps.

October 7, 1870: Battle of Bellevue
Siege of Paris (Battle of Bourget)
In the battle near Torçay a marching company - assigned to the "36 régiment de marche" (36th marching regiment) - was involved.
24 November 1870: The 8th companies of the 2nd and 3rd battalions of the regiment formed the "29 régiment de marche," which in the fighting on the Loire at Chilleurs, Ladon , Boiscommun , Neuville-aux-Bois and Maizières was used .
January 6, 1781: the regiment's marching company, which was delegated to the "36 régiment de marche", was deployed in the battle near Gué-du-Loir.

First World War

At the beginning of the war, the regiment was stationed in Evreux in the Caserne Amey and in Paris in the Fort de Saint-Denis, in the Fort de Stains, in the Fort de Montmorency, in Montignon and in Domont. It belonged to the 11th Brigade in the 6th Infantry Division (throughout the war) of the 3rd Army Corps.

1914
August 22nd: Battle of Charleroi
August 29th: Battle of Saint-Quentin
September 6th: First Battle of the Marne
September 13: Battle of the Aisne
Death report of the Sous-lieutenant Pierre Jean Maurice from Paris, fell on April 15, 1915, Berry-au-Bac
1915
Winter battle in Champagne (fighting north of Reims)
Loretto Battle
1916
Trench warfare on the Somme
from April Battle of Verdun
1917
Battle of the Chemin des Dames . On July 31, almost the entire battalion of the Capitaine Dherse came into German captivity.
1918
Autumn battle in Champagne
Battle of Amiens (August 8-11)
Battle of the Ailette (August 17-23)

Number of officers killed in the war

year number
1914 22nd
1915 28
1916 19th
1917 8th
1918 11

Second World War

Monument of the 28 e RIF in the Vosges

On August 24, 1939, the unit was re-established as a fortress infantry regiment to garrison the Maginot Line . It was assigned to the Colmar fortress section in the area of ​​the 104th Fortress Infantry Division. The establishment was carried out by the Région Militaire, Center Mobilisateur d'infanterie; réserve A RIF type bas Rhin CMI 71 Neuf-Brisach .

Without having been involved in major fighting, the unit was disbanded after the Armistice of Compiègne and not re-established.

The memorial is located on road D 430 east of the Großer Belchen , where the regiment's flag was burned on June 21, 1940 so as not to let it fall into the hands of the Germans.

Last flag used

  • Regimental flag model 1880
  • 28e rég inf cg av 1880.png
  • 28e rég inf rev 1880.png

Awards

The regiment was mentioned twice in the army order during the First World War. The flag ribbon was decorated with the Croix de guerre (1914–1918) and the Fourragère des Cdg.

Motto

On ne passe pas
you won't get through

Footnotes

  1. ↑ ci-devant = formerly
  2. ↑ But it had nothing to do with the original 28 e régiment d'infanterie
  3. ↑ Cinquième abrégé général du militaire de France, sur terre et sur mer , Lemau de la Jaisse, Paris, 1739
  4. ↑ Victor Louis Jean François Belhomme: Histoire de l'infantry en France Volume 5, Lavauzelle, Paris 1883, p 151 ( gallica.bnf.fr ).
  5. ^ Opération du 13e corps et de la 3e armée durant le Siège de Paris (1870) par le Général Joseph Vinoy, pp. 7 and 15. [1]
  6. ↑ 5 in the Battle of Charleroi and 8 in the Battle of the Guise

literature

  • Général Serge Andolenko: Recueil d'Historiques de l'Infanterie Française. HISTOIRE DE L'INFANTERIE FRANÇAISE Librairie militaire J. Dumaine - Paris 1876 Volume 3 - pp. 289-313

. [2]

  • René-Gustave Nobécourt: Les Fantassins du Chemin des Dames ( L'histoire que nous vivons Volume 1) Paris, 1965. Publication:. - Luneray (rue Gutenberg, 76810): Bertout, 1983 ISBN 2-86743-007-0

Web links