13 e régiment d'infantry

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Régiment de Nérestang
Régiment de Bourbonnais
13 e regiment d'infanterie

Insigne du 13e RI.jpg

Badge of 13 e régiment d'infantry
active 1584 to 1940
Country Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg France
Armed forces Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg french army
Armed forces infantry
Type regiment
Location Nevers
Nickname Bandes de Montferrat
Patron saint Saint-Maurice d'Agaune
motto Bourbonnais sans tache
until 1791 only this flag was used

The 13 e régiment d'infanterie ( 13 e RI ) was an association of French infantry that was set up in 1597 as the "Régiment de Nérestang". The regiment distinguished itself in the Revolutionary Wars , in the battles of the First German Empire and in the First World War . It no longer exists today. It belonged to the Petits Vieux Corps .

Before regiment numbering was introduced on January 1, 1791, it was last named Régiment de Bourbonnais in the royal French army .

Lineup and significant changes

  • 1584: Formation of a task force, the Bandes de Montferrat .
  • March 6, 1597: Establishment of the Régiment de Nérestang from parts of the Bandes de Montferrat
  • 1611: Renamed to: Régiment de Chappes
  • 1631: Renamed to: Régiment de Nérestang
  • 1646: Renamed to: Régiment de Sainte-Mesme
  • 1661: Renamed to: Régiment de Silly
  • 1667: Renamed to: Régiment de Castelnau
  • 1673: Renamed to: Régiment de Bourbonnais
  • 1776: The Régiment de Bourbonnais was split up.
    The flags and uniforms were carried on by the 2nd and 4th Battalion as the Régiment de Bourbonnais. The 1st and 2nd battalions formed the Régiment de Forez .
  • January 1, 1791: All regiments lost their names and were only given numbers. The Régiment de Bourbonnais became the 13th e régiment d'infanterie de ligne (ci-devant Bourbonnais) .
  • 1793: First amalgamation ( Premier amalgame ): renaming to 13 e demi-brigade de première formation
  • 1796: Second amalgamation (Deuxième amalgame) and renaming to 13 e demi-brigade de deuxième formation
  • 1803: Reorganization of the French infantry regiments and re-establishment of the 13th e régiment d'infanterie de ligne
  • 1814: during the First Restoration and the Reign of the Hundred Days , the regiment kept its number.
  • July 16, 1815: The regiment, like the entire Napoleonic army, was dismissed.
  • August 11, 1815: re-established as Légion de la Dordogne
  • 1820: Renamed to: 13 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne
  • 1870: Renamed to: 13 e régiment de marche
  • 1871: Renamed to: 13 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne
  • 1882: Renamed to: 13 e régiment d'infanterie
  • 1914: Establishment of the 213 e régiment d'infanterie as a reserve regiment by the 13 e régiment d'infanterie
  • Disbanded after the end of the war

Uniform until 1794

  • 1720 to 1734

  • 1734 to 1757

  • 1762 to 1775

  • 1775

  • 1776 to 1779

  • 1779 to 1791

  • 1791 to 1792

  • 1792 to 1794

Mestres de camp / Colonels

Mestre de camp was from 1569 to 1661 and from 1730 to 1780 the denomination of rank for the regiment holder and / or for the officer in charge of the regiment. The name "Colonel" was used from 1721 to 1730, from 1791 to 1793 and from 1803 onwards.

After 1791 there were no more regimental owners.

Should the Mestre de camp / Colonel be a person of the high nobility who had no interest in leading the regiment, the command was given to the “Mestre de camp lieutenant” (or “Mestre de camp en second”) or the Leave a colonel lieutenant or colonel en second.

The regiment carried the name of the respective regiment owner until February 1, 1673, the name "de Bourbonnais", which was valid until 1791, was given.

  • March 6, 1597: The regiment's first mestre de camp was Philibert, marquis de Nerestang.
  • February 25, 1611: Jacques d'Aumont, baron de Chappes
  • February 6, 1631: Jean Claude, marquis de Nerestang
  • 1639: Charles, marquis de Nerestang
  • June 30, 1645: Anne Alexandre de L'Hôpital, comte de Sainte-Mesme
  • May 1657: Jacques de Vipart, marquis de Silly
  • 1665: Michel, marquis de Castelnau
  • April 20, 1673: Pomponne, marquis de Reffuges
  • March 2, 1687: Louis Pierre Armand d'Aloigny, marquis de Rochefort
  • January 15, 1700: Louis de Brichanteau, marquis de Nangis
  • January 1, 1709: Louis Antoine de Gramont, comte de Lesparre
  • July 1, 1727: Joseph Marie de Boufflers
  • February 21, 1740: Antoine Antonin de Gramont, duc de Lesparre
  • February 17, 1746: Louis de Biran, comte de Gohas
  • August 17, 1747: Vincent Sylvestre de Thimbrune, comte de Valence
  • February 20, 1761: Joseph Roger de Verdusan, marquis de Miran
  • January 3, 1770: Louis Henri, marquis de Caupenne
  • June 29, 1775: Anne Alexandre Marie Sulpice de Montmorency, marquis de Laval
  • July 1, 1783: Victor-François de Broglie
  • French Revolution and First Empire
  • November 23, 1791: François Henri, baron de Poutet
  • May 8, 1792: Louis François Pierre, chevalier d'Arlandes de Salton

(...)

  • 1809: Christophe Huin
  • 1809: Claude Larcilly
  • 1813: Jean-Guillaume Lucas
  • 1813: the Comte de Broche de la Paillole

Fallen colonels of the 13th e régiment d'infanterie de ligne:

  • Colonel Huin, July 6, 1809
  • Colonel Larcilly, died of his wounds on May 2, 1813

Officers killed or wounded between 1804 and 1815:

  • Liked: 21
  • Died from her wounds: 13
  • Wounded: 92

Mission history

Ancien Régime

The Régiment de Nérestang , under the command of Maréchal Lesdiguières , took part in the Franco-Savoyard conflict in 1600, which ended with the Treaty of Lyon .

Huguenot Wars

Franco-Spanish War

  • 1642 : In November it was in front of the besieged Torlone Castle (Piémont), which surrendered on the 25th at the moment when the regiment, together with the Regiment de Limousin and the Regiment de Villandry, rallied for the last attack.
December 15, 1650: Battle of Rethel

Dutch War 1667 to 1714

At the end of August 1667, he took part in the battle near Ensheim . According to the order of battle, it belonged to the reserve alongside the Régiment d'Orléans , the Régiment de Languedoc , the Régiment de Churchill and the Régiment de Montmouth . When the battle began to get critical, Turenne sent the five regiments into the forest on his right flank, where the imperial entrenchments had built. After one regiment after another intervened in the battle and after a horrific slaughter, they managed to keep the upper hand. Six cannons were captured.

War of the Palatinate Succession 1689 to 1697

War of the Spanish Succession 1701-1714

War of Austrian Succession 1742 to 1748

  • 1742: On May 27th there was an attack on Deggendorf, which was repulsed by "Bourbonnais" and the regiments of Champagne , La Marck and Royal-Comtois after heavy fighting.
  • 1747 : In July during the attack on the fortifications on the Col de l'Assiette .

Seven Years War 1757 to 1763

The Régiment de Bourbonnais was garrisoned in Toulon and Corsica in 1768 and 1769 . During that time, the "Pierre Goullard, chevalier d'Arçais", from the Poitou , captain in the regiment, was the focus of complaints from his superiors and the financial administration in Corsica several times because of his debts.

During the United States' declaration of independence , the regiment was again in Corsica, which it left in the same year. After the open conflict between Great Britain and France broke out in 1779 (France massively supported the rebels and had already recognized independence), the regiment was transferred to Brittany . For some time it was stationed in Rennes , then moved to Brest and was loaded onto ships on July 7th, 1780 to be brought to America. It was one of the four regiments that were deployed there under the command of Jean-Baptiste-Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau . The small support army arrived in Newport in July , where the Americans immediately used them to guard the positions of British General Clinton on the coast of Rhode Island . The British, however, had left the positions the previous day as they were gathering them for an extensive expedition.

The Bourbonnais regiment spent the winter in permanent quarters until, in June 1781, the Rochambeau army united with the American army. The two armies then made their way to Yorktown . On July 21, the Rochambeau army consisted of a total of 2,500 men, the regiments de Bourbonnais, Royal-Deux-Ponts and a battalion formed from the elite companies of the Régiment de Soissonnais (commanded by François Jean de Chastellux). A violent reconnaissance mission to Kingsbridge forced the British back into their fortified positions. After a forced march, which was not affected by the great heat, the French troops appeared outside Philadelphia on August 15th, where they were received enthusiastically. Shortly afterwards, the comte de Grasse's fleet appeared in the Chesapeake Bay and took several companies on board. The rest of the troop marched to Baltimore and Annapolis , where barges were waiting. In total the regiments were:

with a total of 7,500 men available who were involved in the battle of Yorktown from September 28th .

Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown

The French fought on the left wing and the Bourbonnais regiment was able to penetrate the trenches of the English on October 7, 1781. On October 15, it was able to fight back a failure. On October 10th, Cornwallis surrendered and the regiment occupied all positions it had previously tapped. The regiments destined for the Antilles were loaded onto the ships on November 4th, the regiments of Rocheambeau moved into quarters in Williamsburg . They stayed there until March 1782 and then moved to Rhode Island , from where they returned to France with the fleet of Louis-Philippe de Vaudreuil .

After arriving in France, the Bourbonnais regiment was garrisoned at Metz . Here it lost its name on January 1, 1791 and was from then on referred to as "13 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne".

Wars of the Revolution and the First Empire

1797: in Verona
July 21, 1798: Battle of the Pyramids
1799: Siege of Saint-Jean-d'Acre
1800: Battle of Heliopolis and Cairo
  • 1805:
Battle of Caldiero
Battle of Austerlitz
  • 1806: With the occupation troops in Istria
  • 1809: Battle of Oberlaybach and Battle of Wagram
  • 1813: Campaign in Germany
May 20 and 21: Battle of Bautzen
October 16-19: Battle of the Nations near Leipzig
October 30th and 31st: Battle of Hanau
November 9th and 10th: Battle of Hochheim am Main

1815 to 1852

  • 1830: By order of September 18, a fourth battalion was set up, the regiment was now 3,000 men strong.
  • 1849: Participation in the campaign against the Roman Republic , and in the siege of Rome in the same year.

Second empire

1872 to 1914

(There is no information for this time)

First World War

  • 1914 : Barracked in Nevers and Decize , the regiment with its three battalions belonged to the 32 e brigade d'infanterie, 16 e division d'infanterie, 8 e corps d'armée.

From January 1917 until the end of the war it belonged to the 169 e division d'infanterie

Defensive battles in Lorraine near Domèvre-sur-Avière , Sarrebourg , Trouée de Charme.

Second World War

Re-established in 1939 as the 13th e régiment d'infanterie motorisée (RIM) under the command of Colonel Maurice Barthe, it consisted of three battalions and a motorized engineer company. It belonged to the 9 e division d'infanterie.

The regiment fought as much as it could and disbanded after the Compiègne armistice . It was not put back up.

tradition

Motto

Bourbonnais sans tache
(Bourbonnais without blemishes)

Flag and awards

Flag of the 13th RI in Nevers Cathedral

Inscriptions on the back of the flag

  • VERONE 1797
  • HELIOPOLIS 1800
  • WAGRAM 1809
  • BAUTZEN 1813
  • VERDUN 1916
  • MONTDIDIER 1918
  • SAINT-QUENTIN 1918

The flag ribbon is with the:

  • Croix de guerre 1914–1918 with two palm branches for honorable mentions in the army report, and with a silver-plated star for a special mention in the report of the army corps,
  • the Fourragère decorated in the colors of the Croix de guerre 1914–1918.
  • On December 18, 1918, the commander-in-chief granted the 13e RI the right to wear the Fourragère in the colors of the Croix de guerre after two honorable mention in the army report for its meritorious attitude towards the enemy. On the back of the regimental flag (since Napoleonic times) the campaigns and battles in which the regiment took part are listed in gold letters.

  • Fourragère in the colors of the Croix de guerre 1914–1918

  • Simplified regimental flag with the listed battles in which the regiment has participated since the revolution.

  • Croix de guerre 1914-1918

literature

Footnotes

  1. ↑ German: 13th Infantry Regiment
  2. ↑ The so-called "Premier amalgame" (first amalgamation) was carried out to give units of the untrained volunteers of the revolutionary army a framework. They were merged with parts of the veteran regiments. A battalion of experienced soldiers and two battalions of volunteers formed a half-brigade
  3. ↑ Time not known
  4. ↑ or on April 18, 1776?
  5. ↑ Histoire de l'infanterie en France de Victor Louis Jean François Belhomme Vol 5 page 151
  6. ↑ «  Décision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT du 14 September 2007 relative aux inscriptions de noms de batailles sur les drapeaux et étendards des corps de troupe de l'armée de terre, du service de santé des armées et du service des essences des armées, Bulletin officiel des armées, n ° 27, 9 November 2007  »(German:“ Provision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT of September 14, 2007 on the appearance of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the Troops of the army, the medical service and the fuel supply branch. Published with the official army bulletin No. 27 of November 9, 2007 ")
  7. ↑ "  Arrêté relatif à l'attribution de l'inscription AFN 1952–1962 sur les drapeaux et étendards des formations des armées et services, du 19 novembre 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie  " (German: "Order AFN 1952–1962 on the assignment of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the formations of the army and the services of November 19, 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie ")
  8. ↑ This also applies to units that have already been disbanded, as they can (theoretically) be put back into active service at any time

Web links

Commons : Flags of the 13th regiment d'infanterie  - collection of images, videos and audio files