87 e régiment d'infantry

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Regiment de Dillon
87 e regiment d'infanterie

Insignia régimentaire du 87e regiment d'infanterie de forteresse..jpg

Association badge of the 87 e régiment d'infanterie
active 1690 to 1940
Country Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg France
Armed forces Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg french army
Armed forces infantry
Type regiment
Strength 2000
Patron saint Saint-Maurice d'Agaune
motto J'y suis

The 87 e régiment d'infanterie - 87 e RI was an association of French infantry. The regiment distinguished itself from its formation in all wars with French participation up to the First World War . It no longer exists today.

Before regiment numbering was introduced on January 1, 1791, it was last named Régiment de Dillon in the royal French army .

Lineup and significant changes

  • June 18, 1690: The Shrewsberry-Dillon Regiment entered French service and renamed the Régiment de Dillon
  • 1762: incorporation of the Régiment de Lally ; December 21, 1762, incorporation of the discharged Royal Ecossais regiment.
  • April 26, 1775: incorporation of the Régiment de Bulkeley
  • January 1, 1791: renamed 87 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne
  • 1792: Embarkation of the 2nd battalion for the Antilles . There it was divided among the colonial troops.
  • 1793: at the premier amalgame (first amalgamation) the 1st battalion was incorporated into the "157 e demi-brigade de bataille" and the 2nd battalion converted to the "158 e demi-brigade de bataille".
  • July 15, 1795: the previously existing 1st battalion was integrated into the "70 e demi-brigade d'infanterie" during the Deuxiéme amalgame (second amalgamation) and with this into the "70 e régiment d'infanterie " during the army reform of 1803 “Renamed.

There was no “second amalgamation” for the 2nd battalion, as the “158 e Demi-brigade de de bataille”, consisting only of this 2nd battalion, was assigned to the colonies and distributed to the colonial troops there at a later date.

The tradition was then continued by the “87 e régiment d'infanterie” formed from the “87 e demi-brigade d'infanterie” in 1803 .

  • 1815: In September the regiment was released.
  • 1855: Re-established as "87 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne" by converting the "12 e régiment d'infanterie légère".

Uniforms 1720 to 1792

  • 1720 to 1734

  • 1734 to 1757

  • 1762 to 1767

  • 1767 to 1776

  • 1776 to 1786

  • 1786 to 1791

  • 1791

Mestres de camp / Colonels

Mestre de camp was from 1569 to 1661 and from 1730 to 1780 the denomination of rank for the regiment holder and / or for the officer in charge of the regiment. The name "Colonel" was used from 1721 to 1730, from 1791 to 1793 and from 1803 onwards.

After 1791 there were no more regimental owners.

Should the Mestre de camp / Colonel be a person of the high nobility who had no interest in leading the regiment (such as the king or queen), the command was given to the "Mestre de camp lieutenant" (or “Mestre de camp en second”) or the “Colonel-lieutenant” or “Colonel en second”.

  • June 1, 1690: Arthur, Count Dillon
  • June 18, 1690: Charles Mac-Carthy, Count of Mountcashel
  • July 28, 1694: Andrew Lee
  • October 26, 1704:? lee
  • May 1, 1730: Charles, Viscount Dillon,
  • September 16, 1733: Francis, Count of Bulkeley
  • November 14, 1741: Henri, Count Dillon
  • April 1744: Dillon
  • April 26, 1754: Henri, Count of Bulkeley
  • March 15, 1769: Charles-William Barfort of Jerningham
  • April 26, 1775: Arthur, Count Dillon
  • January 1, 1784: Charles Joseph Augustin, Viscount Walsh of Serent
  • March 10, 1788: Colonel Théobald, chevalier Dillon
  • February 5, 1792: Thomas Keating

(...)

  • March 6, 1867 - September 27, 1870: Colonel Blot.
  • ?
  • 1901: Colonel Roy
  • ?
  • 1914: Colonel Rauscher
  • March 5, 1918: Lieutenant-colonel Cour
  • ?

Lieutenant-colonels entrusted with the command and representatives of the actual regiment owner:

  • 1702: N. Lack
  • July 26, 1708: Gérard de Lally
  • 1742: Moritz Fitz-Gerald
  • 1746: François Raphaël Shelcon
  • ?
  • 1803: Colonel Laisné
  • 1805: Colonel Jeannin
  • 1809: Colonels Dulong and Rosnay
  • 1813 to 1815: Colonel Mouttet

Battle calendar

Numerous Irish soldiers left England after King James II was deposed and arrived in France in May 1690. King Louis XIV thereupon issued a decree by which three Irish infantry regiments were set up as foreign regiments on June 18, 1690 .

War of the Palatinate Succession

Immediately deployed after deployment, the regiment took part in the Battle of Staffarda and was then involved in the occupation of Savoy. This was followed by a battle at Conflans and Moustiers-Sainte-Marie in the Tarentaise on September 12th

  • In 1691 it was assigned to the army in Roussillon, and used in the siege of La Seu d'Urgell , as well as the capture of Châteaux de Valencia and Boy. Then march to relieve Prats and Mollo (today: Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste ).
  • In 1692 a third battalion was set up and the regiment was assigned to campaign in the Pyrenees. Then the relocation to Germany with the capture of Heidelberg , Oppenheim and Darmstadt .
  • In 1693 the regiment was in Catalonia with activities in Urgell (Comarca) and near Roses
  • In 1694 , the commander, Colonel Charles Mac-Carthy, Count of Mountcashel died of his wounds, which he sustained in a battle. The regiment passed to Colonel Andrew Lee. Battles on the Ter , at Palamós , Hostalric and Castellfollit de la Roca
  • Fighting on the Meuse in 1696 and in Flanders in 1697 . Here the unit excelled in attacking the covered path of the fortifications of Ath .
  • In 1698 it was transferred to the Compiègne camp and reduced to two battalions.

War of the Spanish Succession

Battle of Malplaquet
  • 1709: In the battle of Malplaquet , the Irish regiments fought doggedly against the English in a brigade formation. The brigade was placed on the left side of the guard, and was thus in the gap between the two forests Bois de Sars and Bois de Laniere. They were then thrown onto the left flank in the Bois de Sert, where great efforts were made but in vain to force the enemy out of the forest.
  • 1711: Attack on Arleux
  • 1712: Participation in the Battle of Denain , recapture of Douai, Le Quesnoy and Bouchain . In all of these activities the Irish Brigade always had its honorable place on the right wing of the Guard.
  • 1713: Relocation to Germany, siege of Landau (Pfalz) and Freiburg (Breisgau)
  • 1714: Relocation to Catalonia. At the end of the war, the unit was in Barcelona . The remaining strength of the crew was only enough to maintain a battalion.

1720  : After the death of his son, Andrew Lee took command of the regiment.

War of the Polish Succession

  • 1733: The now "Régiment de Bulkeley" served in the siege of Kehl and spent the winter in Strasbourg.
  • 1734: Battle of Ettlingen. Used from June 2nd to July 18th in the siege of Philippsburg . Then relocation to Flanders.
  • 1735: Relocation to the Moselle with participation in the battle near Klausen (Eifel) . It remained in the Camp de Saint-Maximin with the other Irish troops until the end of the war.

War of the Austrian Succession

  • 1742: The regiment was in Germany and was commanded by Colonel-Commander Moritz Fitz-Gerald in place of the actual regiment holder, Count Bulkeley. It spent the winter in Nieder-Altach and moved to Bohemia the following year with the troops of the Maréchal Comte de Mallebois .
  • April 1743: return to France. Then participation in the battle of Dettingen , then garrison in Lauterbourg. On August 17th march off to Upper Alsace, which was threatened by the troops of Emperor Karl . After the battle near Rheinweiler, the regiment's campaign was over for the time being. It moved in garrison to a barrack camp in Wissembourg.
  • In 1744 the unit was ordered to Flanders, where it took part in the sieges of Menin , Ypres and Veurne and then moved into winter quarters in Courtrai.
  • 1745: The Irish brigade of 6 battalions from Regiments Bulkeley, Clare, Dillon, Rooth, Berwick and Lally excelled at the Battle of Fontenoy under the command of Lord Thomond . After that, the regiment took part in various sieges in Flanders and spent the winter in Strasbourg.
  • In 1746 a détachement fought under Captain Morres on the side of the pretender to the throne Charles Edward Stuart in the Battle of Culloden and was captured after the defeat. The regiment remaining in Flanders fought in the Battle of Rocourt and spent the winter in Bruges.
  • In 1747 the unit stayed in Camp de Malines until May and took part in the battle of Lauffeldt that same year . In this battle the son of Colonel commandant Fitz-Gerald was killed and he himself was badly wounded.
  • In 1748 the regiment with the Irish Brigade and the Guard was part of the army reserve that was used during the siege of Maastricht.

Seven Years War

During the first years of the war, the regiment was only at the borders and only moved to Germany in 1760 under the command (in place of the regiment owner) of Lieutenant-Colonel Charles-William Barfort of Jerningham (who himself became a Colonel on March 15, 1769). Here it was involved in the battle near Korbach and the Battle of Warburg . It spent the winter in Marburg and was involved in the successful defense of the city on February 14, 1761. In July the battle of Vellinghausen took place , in which the regiment was able to penetrate the town and the redoubt of Scheidingen. As the last action of the war it took part in the attack on the Sababurg .

post war period

After the peace treaty, the regiment in Bouchain was garrisoned, the released Royal Ecossais regiment was incorporated on December 21, 1762. It was relocated to Gravelines in November 1764, to Aire in August 1765, to Île d'Oléron in October 1765, to Bouchain in December 1766, to Aire in June 1767, to Philippeville in October 1767 and to Corsica in March 1759. Returned to France in 1771, the unit was stationed at Fort Barraux, then in Gravelines in November 1771, in Avesnes in October 1772, in Valenciennes in April 1773, in Rocroi in September 1774 and in Valenciennes in May 1775 April the Dillon and Bulkeley regiments merged under the name "Régiment de Dillon". The transfer to Aire took place in October 1775, to Lille in March 1777 and to Valognes and Cherbourg in October of the same year.

American War of Independence

In 1778 the regiment was designated for use in America. For this purpose it moved to the surroundings of Lorient and Brest to be embarked on April 5, 1779 on the fleet of Admiral La Motte-Piquet . After arriving in the Antilles , the regiment distinguished itself with other units in the conquest of Grenada . 700 prisoners were taken, three flags, 197 cannons and 16 mortars were captured. The own losses amounted to 35 killed (including the Lieutenant Patrick Mac-Schehy) and 71 wounded (including the Colonel en second Edward Dillon). In September the regiment was deposed on the North American coast on the orders of Charles Henri d'Estaing and took part in the unsuccessful siege of Savannah (Georgia) . It lost Major Brown as well as Lieutenant Taaffe and Lambert. On October 20, the regiment was loaded onto ships and transported back to Grenada.

In 1780 there was a detachement on one of the ships of the Admiral de Guichen during a battle on May 15 and 19 against the fleet of Admiral Rodney . On May 8, 1781, a detachement led the Admiral de Grasse's fleet to Martinique and on May 30, an attack on the Tobago garrison, which surrendered on June 2. On November 15 of the same year, the 300-man battalion left Martinique to carry out an expedition to Saint-Eustache under the command of the Marquis François-Claude-Amour de Bouillé . Due to the bad weather, the landing was a disaster. Several of the ships were thrown against the rocks and only 400 men had landed at daybreak. This was followed by a six-hour march to the British fort, where the garrison was completely surprised, as the Irish with their red uniforms had initially been mistaken for English. Governor Cockburn eventually had to surrender. This adventurous operation cost the French no more than ten men, while 530 men of the English garrison agreed to join the Dillon and Walsh regiments, which could be replenished after the considerable losses of recent times.

In 1782 the regiment still took part in the occupation of St. Kitts , combined with the siege and conquest of Brimstone Hill Fortress .

Returned to France at the end of 1783, the 1st Battalion was placed in Avesnes and the 2nd Battalion in the citadel of Lille and Bouchain. In October 1785 he was transferred to Cambrai, in December 1787 to Douai, in March 1788 to Boulogne and Calais, in September 1788 to the Camp de Saint-Omer, in March 1789 to Berghes and in April 1790 to Lille. In January 1792 the 1st Battalion was transferred to Boulogne, while the 2nd Battalion was shipped from Le Havre to Santo Domingo and never returned from there.

Revolutionary Wars and Wars of the First Empire

When hostilities broke out, the unit, known as the “87 e régiment d'infanterie” since January 1, 1791 , and consisting only of the former 1st Battalion, belonged to the “Armée du Nord”.

On April 29, 1792, the regimental commander, the Maréchal de camp Theobald Dillon, was accused of treason after being ordered to withdraw from Austrian forces, and some of his officers were lynched by his own troops .

It was involved in the defense of the besieged Lille and after the lifting of the siege belonged to the troops that the Austrians then pursued. This was followed by participation in the battle of Jemappes , with subsequent garrison in Antwerp .

Returned to France in 1793, the still existing 1st Battalion of the regiment was incorporated into the "157 e demi-brigade premier formation" by decree of February 21 of the same year .

This ended the line of tradition of the regiment until it was continued in 1803 by the newly established "87 e régiment d'infanterie" - which had nothing to do with the original regiment.

After the first abdication of Emperor Napoleon , the regiment was not disbanded, but kept in service with its old name. During the reign of the Hundred Days , it was in Ligny on June 16, 1815. It was only released in Montmorillon in September of the same year.

Second empire

Per Décret on May 2, 1859, the regiment had to give up a company to set up the 101 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne .

First World War

Soldiers of the 87 e régiment d'infantry in 1916 at Verdun

At the beginning of the war the regiment was stationed in Saint-Quentin . It belonged to the 6th Infantry Brigade of the 3rd Infantry Division in the 2nd Army Corps.

The position was filled in August 1914

  • Regimental staff
Colonel (Commander): Rauscher
Capitaine Adjoint (Staff Captain): Pointurier
Lieutenant d'Approvisionnement (supply officer): Ducauroy
Sous-Lieutenant Chef du Service Téléphonique (telephone officer): Renaux
Lieutenant chargé des Détails (accounting officer): Frantz
Lieutenant Porte-Drapeau (flag officer): Boissin
Médecin-Major de 1 re classe, Chef de Service (regimental doctor 1st class): Marchet
Chef de Musique de 2 e classe (music master 2nd class): Sorel
  • First battalion / battalion headquarters
Chief de bataillon (battalion commander): Cussac
Médecin Aide-Major de 1re classe (battalion doctor 1st class): Feuilette
Lieutenant Comt t la 1 re Section de Mitrailleuses (Commander of the 1st Machine Gun Division): Lamy
  • First company
Comt. de compagnie (company commander): Lieutenant Blarel
Lieutenant Galante
Sous-lieutenant Branchier
Sous-lieutenant Chappey
  • Second company
Comt. de compagnie: Captain Bruckert
Lieutenant Emonet
Sous Lieutenant Garnier
  • Third company
Comt. de Compagnie: Capitaine Astraud
Lieutenant Bes d'Albaret de Saint-Just
Sous-lieutenant Ami de Saint-Didier
  • Fourth company
Comt. de Compagnie: Capitaine Bouchy
Lieutenant Bonnin
Lieutenant Beaurain
Sous-Lieutenant Josse
  • Second battalion / battalion headquarters
Chef de bataillon: Imard
Sous-lieutenant de cuirassiers adjoint: de Kergolay
Médecin Aide-Major de 2 e classe (battalion doctor 2nd class): Hocquette
Lieutenant Comt t la 2 e Section de Mitrailleuses (Commander of the 2nd Machine Gun Division): du Bouays de Couesbouc
  • Fifth company
Comt. de Compagnie: Capitaine Leclercq
Lieutenant Braq
Sous-lieutenant Millien
Sous-Lieutenant Clerc
  • Sixth Company
Comt. de Compagnie: Capitaine Robardey
Lieutenant Gabelle
Sous-lieutenant Bierre
  • Sixth Company
Comt. de Compagnie: Capitaine le Davay
Lieutenant Verdavaine
Sous-lieutenant Linder
Sous-Lieutenant Desvignes
  • Seventh Company
Comt. de Compagnie: Capitaine le Davay
Lieutenant Verdavaine
Sous-Lieutenant Linder
Sous-Lieutenant Desvignes
  • Eighth company
Comt. de Compagnie: Capitaine Brémard
Sous-Lieutenant Quequ
  • Third battalion / battalion headquarters
Chef de bataillon: Chardoillet
Médecin Aide-Major de 1 re classe (battalion doctor 1st class): Buneau
Lieutenant Comt t la 3 e Section de Mitrailleuses (Commander of the 3rd Machine Gun Division): Ply
  • Ninth company
Comt. de Compagnie: Capitaine Maupoil
Sous-Lieutenant Daudre
  • 10th company
Comt. de Company: Capitaine Peuron
Lieutenant O'Kelly
Sous-Lieutenant de Preval
Sous-Lieutenant Duflot
  • Eleventh company
Comt. de Compagnie: Captain Humbel
Lieutenant Paroissien
Sous-Lieutenant Pascault
Sous-Lieutenant Gourdin
  • Twelfth Company
Comt. de Compagnie: Captain Marchal
Lieutenant Verwaerde
Sous-Lieutenant Violand
Sous-Lieutenant Poirier
  • 1914

The three battalions of the regiment received their baptism of fire on August 20, 1914 in the so-called border battle when they faced parts of the German IV Army. The 1st Battalion under Commandant Cussac was deployed on August 17th to support the 9th Cavalry Division and on August 20th led heavy defensive battles near Neufchâteau (Belgium) with high losses. Only Lieutenant Lamy was then able to return the remains of the battalion.

Lieutenant Lamy, killed as captain on September 3, 1914 at Heiltz-le-Hutier

The 2nd and 3rd Battalions fought at Virton on August 22nd . After they had managed to maintain their positions, the first German positions were even counterattacked late in the evening. Due to the violent countermeasures of the Germans, however, one then had to go back again.

  • 1915
February 25th to March 6th: Fights in Champagne
April 17 to July 19: Fighting on the Upper Meuse in the Tranchée de Calonne
October: in Champagne, aggressive fighting near Tahure
Winter until 1916: on the upper Meuse in the Bois Bouchot sector
  • 1916
from winter 1915: on the upper Meuse in the Bois Bouchot sector
February 22 to March 17: near Verdun , construction of positions in the Bonzée - Tresauvaux sector
until the end of June in the Eparges sector
July to September: on the Somme, aggressive fighting in the Belleu - Barleux sector
  • 1917
May: Assault fighting in Champagne on Mont Spin
July to December: aggressive fighting near Verdun (altitude 304)
  • 1918
Aggressive fighting on the Somme and Champagne
August 3: Attack on the Avre
September 26th: Attack at Le Mesnil

89 officers and 2,802 NCOs and men of the regiment died during the war.

Second World War

On August 23, 1939, the unit was set up as the 87 e Régiment d'Infanterie de Forteresse (87th Fortress Infantry Regiment) by the Région Militaire, Center Mobilisateur Réserve A type RIF 13 in Metz and assigned to the 101st Infantry Division.

The regiment's only fighting was from 25 to 30 May 1940 in the Lille pocket. After the surrender, it was disbanded and not re-erected.

Regimental flag of the Régiment de Dillon and the 87e RI

  • 1690 to 1730

  • 1730 to 1739

  • 1739 to 1791

  • last regimental flag (front)

  • last regimental flag (back)

On the back of the regimental flag (since Napoleonic times) the campaigns and battles in which the regiment took part are listed in gold letters.

Awards

The flag ribbon is decorated with the Croix de guerre (1914–1918) Croix de Guerre 1914 1918.jpgwith two palm branches for honorable mentions in the army command and a gold-plated star for a special mention in the corps command.

The members of the regiment had (or have) the right to wear the Fourragère in the colors of the Croix de guerre 1914–1918.

Motto

J'y suis
(I am (there))

literature

  • Cinquième abrégé de la carte générale du militaire de France, sur terre et sur mer - Depuis novembre 1737, jusqu'en décembre 1738. Lemau de la Jaisse, Paris 1739.
  • Chronique historique-militaire. Pinard, Volumes 4 and 8, Paris 1761 and 1778.
  • Lucien Mouillard : Infantry étrangère au service du Roi de France . In: Les régiments sous Louis XV: constitution de tous les corps de troupes à la solde de France pendant les guerres de succession à l'empire et de sept ans . Book 2. L. Baudoin, Paris 1882 ( pfef.free.fr - picture side, see: “79e régiment [Irlandais]”).
  • Historique du 87e regiment d'infanterie. Campaign 1914-1918 . Calmette & Petit, Paris 1918 ( gallica.bnf.fr ).
  • À partir du Recueil d'Historiques de l'Infanterie Française (Général Andolenko - Eurimprim 1969).

Web links

Commons : Flags of the 87 ° regiment d'infanterie  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ German: 87th Infantry Regiment
  2. ↑ Strictly speaking, this unit had nothing to do with the former 87e RI.
  3. ↑ Sources: JMO 87eRI (26 N 667/7) - JMO 9eDC (26 N 490/1) et Historique du 87e régiment d'infanterie [texts imprimé]: campagne 1914-1918 , Paris, Calmette Petit, [19 ..] . - 70 p. ; 25 cm.
  4. ↑ «  Décision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT du 14 September 2007 relative aux inscriptions de noms de batailles sur les drapeaux et étendards des corps de troupe de l'armée de terre, du service de santé des armées et du service des essences des armées, Bulletin officiel des armées, n ° 27, 9 November 2007  »(German:“ Provision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT of September 14, 2007 on the appearance of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the Troops of the army, the medical service and the fuel supply branch. Published with the official army bulletin No. 27 of November 9, 2007 ")
  5. ↑ "  Arrêté relatif à l'attribution de l'inscription AFN 1952–1962 sur les drapeaux et étendards des formations des armées et services, du 19 novembre 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie  " (German: "Order AFN 1952–1962 on the assignment of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the formations of the army and the services of November 19, 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie ")
  6. ↑ This also applies to units that have already been disbanded, as they can (theoretically) be put back into active service at any time