47 e régiment d'infantry

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Regiment des Gardes Lorraine /
47 e regiment d'infanterie

Insigne régimentaire du 47e Régiment d'Infanterie.jpg

Internal association badge 1955 to 1962
active 1740 to 1962
Country Armoiries république française.svg France
Armed forces Flag of France.svg French armed forces
Armed forces Flag of France.svg Armée française de terre
Branch of service infantry
Type Infantry regiment
Location Saint Malo
Patron saint Saint-Maurice d'Agaune
motto Semper fidelis

The Régiment des Gardes-Lorraine (last: 47 e bataillon d'infanterie) was an infantry unit of the French armed forces .

Lineup and significant changes

In April 1737 Stanislaus I. Leszczyński , former King of Poland and titular Duke of Lorraine in Nancy was granted a battalion of guards on foot, in addition to the guards cavalry regiment, which he had previously received from Louis XV. (his son-in-law) had received. This battalion was formed from 300 invalid NCOs and commanded by the Marquis de Moncan.

Since the Duchy of Lorraine was still part of the Holy Roman Empire at that time and would only fall to France in accordance with the treaty after the death of Stanislaus I. Leszczyński, de jure until 1766 it was therefore not a French one, but a Lorraine one, i.e. in form after a so-called foreign regiment ( infantry étrangère de ligne ).

By order of April 6, 1740, the battalion was increased to a regiment.

“His Majesty agrees to set up a Guard Infantry Regiment (Régiment Gardes Lorraines), which should consist of 17 companies , including one grenadier company of 30 men each. The captains and other officers selected for the regiment must immediately begin building it. For this purpose, the necessary locals must be selected who are suitable for age and size. The orders necessary for implementation are issued by King Stanislas of Poland, Duke of Lorraine, etc ... "

  • 6: April 1740: Commissioned as Régiment des Gardes-Lorraine by Stanislaus I. Leszczyński , titular Duke of Lorraine
  • In March 1744, the Régiment des Gardes Lorraine was reinforced by incorporating the staff from the Régiment de Perche . These became the 1st Battalion, while the previous tribe of Lorraine became the 2nd Battalion. The tradition and the trunk number of the older Régiment de Perche were adopted. The previous commander of the Regiment du Perche, Colonel de Livry, was dismissed. The new regiment holder was the Duke of Lorraine, who was in command (pro forma as Commandant titulaire) of Charles-Juste de Beauvau , who in turn was represented by a Colonel en second, the Comte de Mocan, as de facto commander.

Since this regiment now had two body flags (Drapeau colonelle), a separate decree was issued on September 1, 1744 to regulate this matter.

“By order of March 20th of that year, His Majesty ordered the amalgamation of the Regiments du Perche Infanterie and Guard Lorraine. Du Perche will form the 1st battalion, the regiment will take over the rank of the previous Regiment du Perche. The regiment will thus consist of two battalions.

  • article 1

The previous body company of the Regiment du Perche will continue to use this title and the white flag of the regiment holder. The previous body company of the Régiment des Gardes Lorraine loses the white flag and becomes a normal company of the regiment.

  • Article 2

The Sieur d'Audiffret's company, previously Lieutenant-Colonel of the Régiment des Gardes de Lorraine, retains its rank, as does the Sieur d'Audiffret's rank. This company will be assigned to the 1st Battalion, where it will march behind the company of Sieur de Casteron, Lieutenant-Colonel of the Régiment du Perche. The Moncan company marches behind the body company of the Regiment des Gardes-Lorraine.

  • Article 3

His Majesty wants the oldest captain of the second battalion to march with his company at the head of the battalion.

  • Article 4

His Majesty orders that the previous staff of the Régiment du Perche be dissolved and that the staff of the Régiment des Gardes de Lorraine continue to exist in this function in its previous composition.

  • Article 5

His Majesty orders: with the exception of the companies already mentioned, all the others who form the two battalions of this regiment and are transferred between the individual battalions will take the rank to which they are entitled according to the ordinances and customs in the infantry. "

  • December 10, 1762: Reinforced by a third battalion
  • March 28, 1766: After the death of Stanislaus I. Leszczyński, it was renamed the Régiment d'infanterie de Lorraine and incorporated as a regular regiment in the French army.
  • January 1, 1791: renamed 47 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne
  • 1794: After the establishment of the demi-brigades, the 1st battalion was used to set up the "93 e demi-brigade de bataille".
consisting of :

1st battalion of the 47 e régiment d'infanterie
1 er bataillon de volontaires de Seine-et-Marne (1st volunteer battalion Seine & Marne)
6 e bataillon de volontaires du Haut-Rhin (6th Upper Rhine volunteer battalion)

In 1796 it was converted into the so-called 49 e demi-brigade de deuxième formation, which later became the "49 e régiment d'infanterie".

  • April 3, 1794: The 2nd battalion was used to set up the "94 e demi-brigade de bataille".
consisting of:

2nd battalion of the 47 e régiment d'infanterie
1 he bataillon de volontaires de Saône-et-Loire (1st volunteer battalion Saône & Loire)
1 he bataillon de volontaires du Cher (1st volunteer battalion Cher) In
1796 the conversion into the so-called 2 e demi-brigade de deuxième formation, which later became the 2nd e régiment d'infanterie .

As a result, the regimental association was dissolved and the line of tradition interrupted until 1830.

  • 1830: By order of September 18, the regiment was re-established with a strength of 3,000 men to be used in the conquest of Algeria.
  • 1942: Disbanded as part of the Armistice Army.
  • 1955: re-established as 47 e battalion d'infanterie
  • 1962: dissolved in Camp de Sissonne.

Uniforms and flags of the ancien régime

Mestres de camp / Colonels

Mestre de camp was from 1569 to 1661 and from 1730 to 1780 the denomination of rank for the regiment holder and / or for the officer in charge of the regiment. The name "Colonel" was used from 1721 to 1730, from 1791 to 1793 and from 1803 onwards.

After 1791 there were no more regimental owners.

Should the Mestre de camp / Colonel be a person of the high nobility who had no interest in leading the regiment (such as the king or queen), the command was given to the "Mestre de camp lieutenant" (or “Mestre de camp en second”) or the “Colonel-lieutenant” or “Colonel en second”.

  • April 1740: Charles-Juste de Beauvau-Craon , prince de Beauvau (Jean-Baptiste de Marin, comte de Moncan as Mestre de camp en second)
  • March 20, 1744: Jean-Baptiste de Marin, comte de Moncan
  • February 26, 1746: Ferdinand-Jérôme de Beauvau-Craon , chevalier de Beauvau-Craon
  • December 14, 1760: Louis Bruno de Boisgelin, comte de Cuce
  • March 20, 1774: Victurnin Jean-Baptiste Marie de Rochechouart, duc de Mortemart
  • March 10, 1778: Antoine César de Choiseul, comte de Praslin
  • 1789: Colonel Alexandre Andrault de Langeron
  • November 23, 1791: Pierre François, vicomte d'Olonne
  • May 16, 1792: Joseph Antoine Colomb

(...)

  • - 1814: Colonel Dein, killed in the battle of Orthez .
  • 1837: Colonel Michel Combes
  • ?
  • 1870: Colonel De Gramont
  • ?
  • July 17 to September 1, 1918: Colonel Louis-Gaston Zopff
  • ?
  • 1938 to 1939: Colonel Voillot
  • 1939 to 1940: Lieutenant-colonel Binet, then Commandant Perier, then Lieutenant-colonel de la Vernette.
The regiment owner Stanisław Leszczyński

Battle calendar

War of the Austrian Succession

  • 1743/1744: campaign on the Rhine; Battle of Dettingen ; Position on the Lauter and in the same year transferred to Italy, where the regiment arrived in early 1744. Here it was under the command of the Prince de Conti , and was involved in the attack on Montauban , as well as in the capture of Villefranche, Montalban and Nice . This was followed by the train to the Piémont with sieges of Demont and Cuneo and the battle of Madonna degli Ulmi.
  • 1745: The regiment distinguished itself in the sieges of Acqui, Tortone, in the battle at Refudo, and in the capture of Alessandria , Valenza , Asti and Casal Cermelli .
  • 1746: In May the regiment's grenadiers were at the head of an attack column on the bridge of Casal-Bajano, they distinguished themselves in a one and a half hour fierce battle in which the

Chevalier de Beauveau was wounded. The regiment then took part in the battle of Piacenza , and on August 10th covered the retreat of the army in a bloody battle on the Tidone. During the remainder of the campaigns and those that followed, the regiment was involved in the defense of Provence . After the imperial army had passed the Var , it was used again in the conquest of Nice and Ventimiglia .

On September 20, 1747, the regiment was reinforced to three battalions and continued to fight in the Alpine region the following year. After the Peace of Aachen and the end of the war, it returned to France. The third battalion was disbanded on December 24th. The unit was transferred to the court of the Duke of Lorraine in Nancy, where it remained until the beginning of the Seven Years' War.

Seven Years War

  • 1757: In April the regiment took part in the first deployment of French troops near Wesel .
Battle of Hastenbeck
Conquest of Hanover and pursuit of the Anglo-Hanoverian troops as far as Celle .
  • 1758:

After breaking the Zeven convention , the regiment marched to Bremen in January . At Ritterhude it defeated the advance guard of the Hanoverian army and occupied the city. It then went with the corps of the Duc de Broglie , which ordered him to guard the city of Hoya . This was attacked on February 23 by Ferdinand von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel . The city's commander, the Comte de Chabot , evacuated the suburb on the other side of the Weser and burned it down. In the meantime, General Prince Ferdinand crossed the Weser below Hoya and attacked all entrances to the city defended by the Lorraine Guard. The resistance was long and costly, the Chevalier de Beauvau and the Lieutenant-Colonel de Chastellar did everything they could, but could not hold their positions. The regiment, which had lost 15 officers and only consisted of 300 men, withdrew to Bremen. Arrived in front of the city, one had to recognize that it had been occupied by the enemy on the same day. The unit marched off towards Bassum, crossed the Hunte and then withdrew first to Wildeshausen and then to Dülmen without being stopped by the enemy patrols. The regiment then joined the army of Comte de Clermont , who decided that his forces were too weak to continue the war and who therefore returned to France with his troops.

The Gardes Lorraine stayed in Lunéville until 1761 and then moved back to Germany in the same year. Here they belonged to the army of the Prince de Soubise . The companies distinguished themselves in the battle near Werle and in the attack on the mill and the castle of Schaffhausen .

After the end of the campaign, the regiment was stationed in Bitche . In May 1763 the 1st battalion was transferred to Lunéville and the 2nd battalion to Metz . In December it moved back to Bitche and in November 1764 the regiment in Lunéville was reunited. It was in service as a guard until the death of the Duke of Lorraine on February 23, 1766. With an order of March 23, 1766, it lost the name Gardes Lorraine and its status as a foreign regiment, was now only named after the province and finally incorporated into the French army. According to the regulations in force there as "Régiment d'infanterie de Lorraine". The previous blue uniform was also exchanged for the white French one with black facings.

Peace time

As a result, the garrison was often changed, as was customary at the time. The regiment moved in April 1766 to Briançon and in November to Carcassonne , in June 1768 to Toulon , in June 1770 to Landau , in July 1771 to Strasbourg , in October 1772 to Dunkirk , in October 1774 to Caen , in February 1778 to Saint- Servant and Dinan , and in September after the Camp de Paramé, 1779 to Eu (Seine-Maritime) , Dieppe and Bolbec , 1780 and 1781 to Pont-Audemer and Honfleur , in October of the same year to Brest (Finistère) , (regimental strength at this time: 1064 men) in October 1782 to Lisieux , in May 1783 to Caen and in October of the same year to Lille . It then moved to Gravelines in October 1785 , to Bayeux in April 1786, to Saint Lô in November 1787 and to Bayeux in April 1788.

During the American War of Independence , a department was moved to North America in 1781.

In 1789 the regiment was stationed in Rennes, as there had been riots here after the capture of the Bastille became known. After leaving Rennes, a detachment of 235 men was assigned to guard the fleet in Bayeux.

Wars of the Revolution and the First Empire

In June 1791 the 1st battalion went to Saint Lô. in September of the same year the entire regiment was garrisoned in Givet (Ardennes) .

In 1792 only the 1st Battalion was actively used. It took part in the battle at Quiévrain on April 30th . While Charles-François Dumouriez marched into the Austrian Netherlands , the regiment, consisting of two battalions, belonged to the “Armée des Ardennes” (Ardennes Army), commanded by Général Comte de Valence , who beat the Austrians under General Jean-Pierre de Beaulieu in the Ashes forest was able to occupy the subsequent Namur and besieged the citadel there.

On the night of November 30th, 1200 grenadiers (among them the 60 grenadiers of the 47th Regiment) under the direct command of General Alexis Le Veneur de Tillières conquered the Villote suburbs after heavy fighting.

The citadel had to surrender on December 2nd.

The two battalions of the Lorraine regiment fought to the end on the northern border and in the Ardennes. It was also mentioned in the battle at Landrecies on April 30, 1794.

In the course of the reorganization of the French army on June 26, 1794, the two battalions were used to form the first battalion of the 93 e and 94 e demi-brigade de bataille (premier amalgame - first amalgamation).

  • The "93 e demi-brigade de bataille" belonged to the Armée de Sambre et Meuse (Sambre Maas Army).

It became "49 e demi-brigade de ligne" (deuixieme amalgame - Second amalgamation) on February 26, 1796 . The half-brigade excelled in the fights in Germany and the Netherlands, such as Bergen op Zoom , Alkmaar and Castricum .

  • The "94 e demi-brigade de bataille" also belonged to the Armée de Sambre et Meuse (Sambre Maas Army). She fought in Germany, Switzerland, on the Danube and in Italy. It was mentioned with honor in 1799 at the Battle of Zurich. On February 26, 1796, it was transformed into the "2 e demi-brigade de ligne" (deuixieme amalgame - Second amalgamation), and in 1803 it became the 2e regiment d'infanterie.

Conquest of Algeria

On October 15, 1837, the regiment was involved in the attack on Constantine . Until the independence of Algeria there was a street in Constantine called "Rue du 47e de Ligne"

Second empire

Used in the Crimean War from 1855 to 1856 , it was used in the Siege of Sevastopol and in the Battle of Tratkir.

By decree of 2 May 1859 the regiment had a company for installation of the 102 e régiment d'infantry de ligne deliver.

In the Franco-Prussian War , the regiment fought in the Battle of Wörth , then in the Battle of Sedan and stretched out after the surrender of Napoleon III. the weapons.

1871 to 1914

The 2nd battalion was transferred to Tunisia in 1881 .

First World War

When war broke out in 1914, the regiment was stationed in Saint-Malo and Saint-Servant and belonged to the 40th Infantry Brigade in the 20th Infantry Division of the 10th Army Corps.

The ensign of the 247ème régiment d'infanterie (reserve regiment of the 47th RI) Alexandre Miniac during the war.

In the course of mobilization, the assigned reserve regiment, the "247 e régiment d'infanterie", was set up.

1914

1915

  • May to July: positional battles in Artois, near Saint-Laurent-Blangy , Chanteclerc and Roclincourt.
  • September to November: positional battles at Servon-Melzicourt in Champagne .

1916

  • January to June: Trench warfare in the Argonne
  • September to October: Battle of the Somme - in the woods of Chilly and near Chaules.

1917

  • January to February: Trench warfare near Tilloloy on the Somme.
  • April to May: Trench warfare at Mont Cornillet on the Marne.
  • August to October: trench warfare near Verdun (Côte du Poivre and Cote 344).
  • In December: trench warfare in the Woëvre , near Bonzée and Haudimont .

1918

  • January to May: Fights near Verdun , Les Chambrettes, in the Chaume forest and near Caurières.
  • May to June: fights at Ronchères (Aisne), Verneuil (Marne) and Dormans .
  • July to August: second Marne battle - fighting at Comblizy .
  • September: Fighting in the Vosges at Col de la Chapelotte.
  • October 15, 1918: Invasion of Alsace . When fighting stopped, the regiment was in Frizon .

Second World War

Regimental badge 1939

In September 1939 the regiment was taken over by the Région Militaire, Center Mobilisateur d'infanterie; reserve A type NE; (CMI 44) brought to war strength in Saint-Malo . It belonged to the 20th Infantry Division. During the short campaign , the regiment fought as much as it could and disbanded on June 22nd after the Compiègne armistice was concluded .

post war period

In 1955 the "47 e régiment d'infanterie" was re-established in battalion strength in the traditional line and then only referred to as the "47 e bataillon d'infanterie". It was immediately transferred to Algeria and was the first to arrive in Barika in the province of Batna . In 1956 it was relocated to El Kantara. The task was to monitor the railway line from Biskra to Batna . A service dog team was stationed at El Kantara station.

In June 1959, Général Boucher de Crèvecoeur, commander of the 21st Infantry Division, decided that the 3rd Company should occupy Beni Ferrah, which had been abandoned in 1954. The 2nd Company had to relieve the "Tirailleurs Algériens" (Algerian riflemen) stationed there in Djémorah. The hunting command had occupied the base El Outaya on the route Nationale Biskra - Batna.

The battalion commanders were during the Algeria deployment

Between 1956 and 1962, the battalion had 43 dead and 78 wounded.

On the day of the armistice (March 19, 1962) the railway checkpoints PK 121, 131, 136, 139, 159, 169, 185, 193 - the PK 123 ("col des juifs") on March 27th were abandoned.

That same day, seven soldiers of the battalion were ambushed. Five of them were massacred by three deserting Algerian riflemen (FSNA - Français de souche nord-africaine - French of North African origin) at PK 159 near El Kantara.

"The throat cut and mutilated"

  • there were:
Sergent Pireaux, André
Caporal one he classe Dayriat, André
Caporal 2 e class Touboul, Maurice Prosper
Caporal 2 e class Bernard, Roger
Caporal 2 e class Brun, Fernand

Two soldiers escaped

In May, the 11 mules and the 23 dogs of the “16 e peloton cynophile” (16th dog handler train) were sent back to the “Centers vétérinaires” (veterinary centers) in Saint-Arnaud and Compiègne.
In July 1962 the battalion was embarked in Bône and transported to Camp de Sissonne, where it was disbanded.

Regimental flag of the 47 e RI

On the back of the regimental flag (since Napoleonic times) the campaigns and battles in which the regiment took part are listed in gold letters.

47e regiment d'infanterie de ligne - drapeau.svg

Awards

  • The flag ribbon is decorated with the croix de guerre with two palm branches for two mention in the army report.
  • Members of the regiment have the right (even if they are returned to service) to wear the Fourragère in the colors of the Croix de guerre 1914–1918. (Ordre général n ° 124 / F du 16/09/1918).
  • The "47 e bataillon d'infanterie" carried the decorations and badges of the "47 e régiment d'infanterie", as well as the regiment's flag until it was dissolved in 1962. Since then, the flag has been part of the flag collection at Vincennes Castle .

Motto

Semper fidelis
(Always loyal)

Prominent members of the regiment

literature

  • Erwan Le Gall "Le deuxième procès de Rennes: trois officiers du 47e régiment d'infanterie devant le Conseil de guerre", Editeur En Envor, revue d'histoire contemporaine en Bretagne , n ° 1
  • Erwan Le Gall “Investir la culture de guerre du premier conflit mondial? - Le 47e regiment d'infanterie au fort de la Pompelle, 13 to 17 September 1914 “Éditeur Société Archéologique & historique d'Ille-et-Vilaine , tome CXVI, 2012.
  • Erwan Le Gall "Un non-lieu de mémoire de la Première Guerre mondiale: la bataille de Guise" Èditeur En Envor, revue d'histoire contemporaine en Bretagne , n ° 1, hiver 2013
  • Erwan Le Gall, Une entrée en guerre. Le 47e regiment d'infanterie de Saint-Malo au combat (août 1914 - juillet 1915), Talmont-Saint-Hilaire, éditions CODEX, 2014.
  • Septième abrégé de la carte générale du militaire de France, sur terre et sur mer - Jusqu'en décembre 1740 , Lemau de la Jaisse, Paris 1741
  • Chronologie historique-militaire , par M. Pinard, tomes 5 et 8, Paris 1762 et 1778
  • Histoire de l'infanterie française , tome 3, par le lieutenant-colonel Belhomme, Henri Charles-Lavauzelle
  • Archives militaires du Château de Vincennes.
  • À partir du Recueil d'Historiques de l'Infanterie Française (Général Andolenko - Eurimprim 1969).

Web links

Commons : Flags of the 47 ° regiment d'infanterie  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ^ First regiment d'infanterie du Perche from 1690
  2. 1744
  3. The so-called " Premier amalgame " (first amalgamation) was carried out in order to give units of the untrained volunteers of the revolutionary army a framework. They were merged with parts of the veteran regiments. A battalion of experienced soldiers and two battalions of volunteers formed a half-brigade
  4. Histoire de l'infanterie en France de Victor Louis Jean François Belhomme Vol 5 page 151
  5. Alain Pigeard Dictionnaire de la Grande Armée Éditeur Tallandier Librairie Jules Tallandier 2002 ISBN 2-84734-009-2
  6. Herblingen Castle is possibly meant here
  7. it is not clear what it could be
  8. Point kilometric
  9. «  Décision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT du 14 September 2007 relative aux inscriptions de noms de batailles sur les drapeaux et étendards des corps de troupe de l'armée de terre, du service de santé des armées et du service des essences des armées, Bulletin officiel des armées, n ° 27, 9 November 2007  »(German:“ Provision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT of September 14, 2007 on the appearance of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the Troops of the army, the medical service and the fuel supply branch. Published with the official army bulletin No. 27 of November 9, 2007 ")
  10. Arrêté relatif à l'attribution de l'inscription AFN 1952–1962 sur les drapeaux et étendards des formations des armées et services, du 19 novembre 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie  " (German: "Order AFN 1952–1962 on the assignment of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the formations of the army and the services of November 19, 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie ")
  11. This also applies to units that have already been disbanded, as they can (theoretically) be put back into active service at any time