Alexandre Andrault de Langeron

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General Langeron

Alexandre-Louis Andrault, comte de Langeron (Russian: Александр Федорович Ланжерон , scientific .: Aleksandr Fjodorovič Langeron . French Alexandre-Louis Andrault ; born January 13 . Jul / 24. January  1763 greg. In Paris , † July 4 jul. / July 16,  1831 greg. In Odessa ) was a general of the infantry of the Russian army of French origin.

Life

In 1778 Langeron joined the French army as a cadet and in 1781 in the Bourbonnais Infantry Regiment ( Régiment de Bourbonnais ). This regiment had fought as part of the French Interverntion Troops ( Expédition Particulière ) in 1781 in the American War of Independence in the battle of Yorktown against the British troops. However, Langeron did not arrive in Philadelphia until September 1782, after the end of significant fighting . He was part of the entourage of Antoine Charles du Houx, Baron de Vioménil, the deputy commander of the French troops. Langeron returned in June 1783 with the rank of oneColonel back to France en second .

In the course of the political events of the French Revolution , he emigrated to Russia in 1789 and joined the army there. His first assignment in Russian service was his participation in the Russo-Swedish War . In the Russo-Austrian Turkish War (1787–1792) he distinguished himself through bravery and skill when he stormed the city of Ismajil (today Ukraine). Tsarina Catherine II sent him a sword of honor for this purpose. On June 28, 1796 he was appointed brigadier and on May 22, 1797 major general, with the simultaneous appointment of the chief of the Musketeer Regiment of Ufa. On October 25, 1798 he rose to the rank of lieutenant general .

Langeron led the second Russian column against the French troops during the Battle of Austerlitz (December 2, 1805). From 1807 on Langeron was involved in the Russo-Turkish War (1806-1812) and in 1810 made a special contribution to the capture of Silistra . For the capture of Rustschuk (September 1810) he was promoted to general of the infantry. In early 1811 he temporarily replaced the Commander-in-Chief of the Moldovan Army, General NM Kamenski, and after the arrival of the new Commander-in-Chief Prince Kutuzov he became his close assistant. During the Russian campaign of 1812 he commanded a corps in the army of Admiral Tschitschagow and distinguished himself during the retreat a. a. by caring for his compatriots. In November he took part in the Battle of Borisov , the occupation of Vilna and the crossing of the Vistula .

In the second half of the campaign of 1813 , Langeron commanded a Russian corps under Field Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher . In the Battle of the Katzbach he forced a French division under the command of General Puthod to surrender , and Langeron also fought with distinction in the Battle of Leipzig . In January 1814 he enclosed the Mainz fortress on the right bank of the Rhine. In the campaign of 1814 he stormed the heights of Montmartre on March 30th (surrender of Paris); In 1815 he commanded a corps of 35,000 men, but without delivering a battle. After returning to Russia in 1815 he became Governor of Crimea and in 1822 Governor General of New Russia . Langeron led an army corps against the Sublime Porte in 1829 as a general of the infantry (→ Russo-Turkish War 1828–1829 ) and after the peace he went to Petersburg , where he died July 4, 1831 of cholera .

literature

  • Jaromir Hirtenfeld : The Military Maria Theresa Order and its Members , Vienna 1857, p. 1311
  • Art. Andrault de Langeron, Louis-Alexandre . In: Gilbert Bodinier: Dictionnaire des officiers généraux de l'armée royale, 1763–1792. Enrichi of notices Biographiques of brigadiers de cavalerie et de dragons nommés après 1715 , Vol. 1: A - C . Archives & Culture, Paris 2009.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Asa Bird Gardiner: The order of the Cincinnati in France . Society of the Cincinnati, Newport, Rhode Island, 1905, p. 193.
  2. Louis Susane: Histoire de l'ancienne infanterie française , Volume 3: Notices historiques des régiments sur pied en 1789 , Part 2: Régiments de Navarre, de Champagne, de Normandie, de la Marine, de Bourbonnais, de Béarn, d'Auvergne . J. Corréard, Paris 1850, pp. 327-328.
  3. ^ Asa Bird Gardiner: The order of the Cincinnati in France . Society of the Cincinnati, Newport, Rhode Island, 1905, p. 194.
  4. Robert A. Selig: The Washington-Rochambeau Revolutionary Route in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1781–1783. An Historical and Architectural Survey . Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 2nd ed. 2007, p. 263 ([w3r-archive.org/history/library/SeligPA230-273.pdf online], accessed September 2, 2019).
  5. ^ John R. Sellers, Gerard W. Gawalt, Paul H. Smith, Patricia Molen van Ee: Manuscript sources in the Library of Congress for research on the American Revolution . Library of Congress, Washington 1975, ISBN 0-8444-0122-6 , p. 100.
  6. ^ Carl von Plotho: The war in Germany and France in the years 1813 and 1814 Berlin, 1817, p. 45