105 e régiment d'infantry

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Régiment du Roi
105 e regiment d'infanterie

105e Régiment d'Infanterie, A MOI AUVERGNE.jpg

Internal association badge
active 1663 to 1940
Country Armoiries république française.svg France
Armed forces Flag of France.svg French armed forces
Armed forces Flag of France.svg Armée française de terre
Branch of service infantry
Type Infantry regiment
Patron saint Saint-Maurice d'Agaune
motto A MOI AUVERGNE
commander
commander Last: Lieutenant-Colonel Picard

The 105 e régiment d'infanterie was set up in the Kingdom of France and disbanded in World War II after the Armistice of Compiègne (1940) . It belonged to the Petits Vieux Corps .

Before regiments were numbered on January 1, 1791, it was last named Régiment du Roi in the French royal army .

Lineup and significant changes

  • January 2, 1663: established from parts of the "Régiment Royal" and the "Régiment d'Orléans" as the Régiment du Roi
  • September 1790: after participating in the mutiny in Nancy ( Nancy affair ), the regiment was cashed out
  • January 28, 1791: as 102 e régiment d'infantry de ligne re-erected
  • 1793: First army reform The regiment was the one he battalion "ex du Roi" to 185 e demi-brigade de Bataille and 2 e battalion "ex du Roi" to 186 e demi-brigade de bataille off. This ends the regimental association and the line of tradition
  • 1803: Renaming of the "105 e demi-brigade d'infanterie de ligne" to 105 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne (de facto continuation of the regiment tradition)
  • 1814: Dissolution after the abdication of Napoleon I.
  • 1815: during the hundred days set up again, after the final defeat of Napoleon in Périgueux dismissed
  • 1854: set up again (from parts of the "30 e régiment d'infanterie légère")
  • 1872: on May 1st merged with the "105 e régiment de marche" (105th march regiment). The "105 e régiment de marche" was in the city during the siege of Paris .
  • 1914: during the mobilization , the reserve regiment , the "305 e régiment d'infanterie" was set up.
  • 1919: demobilized and made a reserve regiment
  • 1939: activated
  • 1940: drowned in the turmoil of the French defeat

Mestres de camp / Colonels

Mestre de camp was from 1569 to 1661 and from 1730 to 1780 the denomination of rank for the regiment holder and / or for the officer in charge of the regiment. The name "Colonel" was used from 1721 to 1730, from 1791 to 1793 and from 1803 onwards.

After 1791 there were no more regimental owners.

Should the Mestre de camp / Colonel be a person of the high nobility who had no interest in leading the regiment (such as the king or queen), the command was given to the "Mestre de camp lieutenant" (or “Mestre de camp en second”) or the “Colonel-lieutenant” or “Colonel en second”.

  • January 1663: Philippe de Courcelles, marquis de Dangeau
  • 1667: Philippe Mancini, duc de Nevers
  • September 7, 1670: Jean de Martinet, Brigadier des armées du roi on March 27, 1668, Maréchal de camp on April 15, 1672, † June 21, 1672
  • June 26, 1672: François de Tourvoyé, comte de Montberon, Mestre de camp de cavalerie on March 26, 1668, Brigadier on August 19, 1669, Maréchal de camp on May 18, 1674, Lieutenant-général on February 25, 1677, † March 16, 1708
  • January 6, 1676: René de Becdelièvre, marquis then comte de Saint-Georges, brigadier on February 24, 1676, † August 14, 1678 in the battle of Saint-Denis
  • April 29, 1678: Gaston Jean-Baptiste de Mornay, chevalier then comte de Montchevreuil, Brigadier on March 30, 1683, Maréchal de camp on August 24, 1688, Lieutenant-général on March 30, 1693, † July 29, 1693
  • April 4, 1693: Louis Charles d'Hautefort, marquis de Surville, brigadier on March 30, 1693, maréchal de camp on January 3, 1696, lieutenant-général on December 23, 1702, † December 19, 1721
  • January 6, 1706: Louis Prévost, marquis du Barail, Maréchal de camp on January 24, 1711, Lieutenant-général on March 30, 1720, † November 1734
  • January 26, 1711: Louis Armand de Brichanteau , marquis de Nangis, Maréchal de France 1741
  • December 16, 1719: Hubert de Courtalvert, marquis de Pezé, brigadier on June 20, 1720, maréchal de camp on October 6, 1733, lieutenant-général on August 1, 1734, † on November 23, 1734 from his wounds in battle at Guastalla
  • January 15, 1735: Louis Antoine de Gontaut-Biron, duc de Biron , Maréchal de France 1787
  • May 26, 1745: Claude Louis François de Régnier, comte de Guerchy
  • October 16, 1767: Marie Louis Florent , comte du Châtelet, brigadier on August 9, 1757, Maréchal de camp on February 20, 1761, † December 13, 1793
  • February 10, 1791: François Nicolas Junot d'Attilly
  • May 27, 1792: Jean François Antoine de Stack
  • September 4, 1792: Louis Pierre Le Royer de Chantepie
  • November 23, 1792: Louis Gabriel Pierre Anne Paul Augustin Armand Levasseur

(...)

  • 1808: Colonel Marie Pierre Isidore de Blanmont
  • 1813: Colonel François Maulmond
  • 1815: Colonel Genty
  • 1899-1904: Colonel Jules Bunoust

Tradition and uniforms

The regiment carried 12 flags (three per battalion) and the flag of the first company of the first battalion was the so-called "Drapeau Colonelle" - the white flag of the regiment owner - the personal company.

  • Flag of the Leibcompany from 1663 to 1757

  • Ordinance flag 1663 to 1757

  • Flag of the Leibcompany from 1757 to 1791

  • Ordinance flag 1757 to 1791

Furnishing

  • 1720 to 1734

  • Officer 1720 to 1734

  • 1734 to 1757

  • 1762 to 1776

  • 1776 to 1779

  • 1779 to 1786

  • 1786 to 1791

  • from 1792 as a newly established 105 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne

The regiment is not mentioned in the uniform regulation of 1791.

Details

During his reform and reorganization of the Maison militaire du roi de France , King Louis XIII. the regiment and claimed the post of regiment owner for himself. It consisted of 20 companies of 59 men each, made up of the nobility , sons of officers (captains, or those who had earned merit or those who had died in battle). The entry age was 15 to 20 years with the rank of "Cadet-gentilhomme" (aristocratic cadet), who were promoted to the rank of Enseigne or Sous-lieutenant after two years of training . It also received a department "Médecins majors" ( field shears ), the most prominent member of which was René-Jacques Croissant de Garengeot (1688-1749).

In the hierarchy of the royal infantry regiments, it took the sixth and lowest rank in the "Petits Vieux corps" (group of the "little old").

In 1667 the regiment was assigned to the “Armée de Flandre” (Flanders Army). It earned its first service during the siege of Tournai , Douai and Lille . In 1668, by order of the king, four grenadiers were assigned to each company , a measure that would soon set a course everywhere.

At the end of 1669 a foreign regiment owner returned his regiment to the king. The "Régiment de Lorraine" was the 23rd in the rankings of the infantry. The king took the opportunity to give his regiment more prominence and merged the two units in Soissons under the name "Régiment du Roi" and in 1671 put it on the list of the former "Régiment de Lorraine". The new regimental flag, separated by a white cross, showed diagonally two fire-red fields (fire-red should symbolize Louis XIV.) And two dark green fields (the color of Lorraine). The white cross beams were embroidered with golden lilies. (Louis XV had this flag replaced by the blue version in 1757.)

1763

In the overall ranking of the infantry regiments it was now in 23rd place. During the Seven Years' War the regiment continued to consist of four battalions, and the uniforms did not change either. The king established additional officer positions, there was now a “colonel lieutenant en second”. each of the companies now had two captains . two lieutenants and two sous-lieutenants . For the lieutenant colonel en Füt die Seconds the annual pay was 1,800 livres , for the premiers capitaines as "Chef de bataillon" 1,000 livres and for the captains of the grenadiers 600 livres.

In order to enable more commoners to rise to the sword aristocracy (Noblesse de l'epée), four positions for "Seconds sous-lieutenants" (second class lieutenant) were created in each of the fusilier companies .

Mutiny in Nancy - the majority of the members of the Regiment du Roi can be seen. On the right in a red tunic, a Swiss member of the Regiment de Châteauvieux - outside the gate the Regiment Royal-Liégeois

Nancy affair

In 1790 the regiment was involved in a mutiny in its Nancy garrison. The mutiny came from the Swiss mercenary regiment de Châteauvieux ; The Mestre de camp général cavalry regiment was also involved .

The considerable bulk of the regiment (including the other two involved) raised claims for non-payment of wages, and the Régiment du Roi found that the unloved regimental commander - the lieutenant-colonel Duc de Chatelet , whom one had long been suspicious of - this disaster for a long time Mismanagement in the administration of the regiment was responsible. On August 13, the soldiers gathered at the building of the bar, the regimental fund attached to and required by the Duc de Chatelet payment of not less than 1,200,000 livres of residual pay . The accounting officers were held responsible for the missing sum and were ill-treated so that they were forced to flee in order to avoid further danger to life and limb.

After the mutiny became known, the National Assembly immediately sent the Maréchal de camp Comte de Malseigne to the city to rectify the situation. In the Régiment du Roi, the Comte de Malseigne was successful insofar as he was able to announce in a letter dated August 20 that order had been restored in the regiment. At a meeting of the National Assembly on August 25, M. de Broglie was able to read a statement in which the grenadiers, riflemen and hunters of the regiment confessed their guilt and appealed for the indulgence of the National Assembly.

The restoration of discipline did not last long, however. The Régiment de Châteauvieux did not give up and pulled the others with them again, on August 26th the entire garrison was in great turmoil. The officers were arrested. The Maréchal de camp de Malseigne managed to escape to Lunéville with difficulty . Here he gathered a force of about 4,500 men and appeared on August 31 at the gates of Nancy. Before ordering an attack that would turn into murderous hand-to-hand combat, he agreed to receive a deputation of the mutineers.

Ultimately, the majority of the Régiment du Roi withdrew to the barracks and sent four men with a flag to Boillé with an offer of surrender. This was accepted and the regiment was immediately assigned to Verdun , where it marched off in good order. A heroic act distinguished the Sous-lieutenant of the hunters in the Regiment du Roi, M. Desil (l) es-Cambrenon. At the Porte Saint-Louis, (now Porte Désilles), he prevented a battery of artillery from being fired at the shortest distance into the ranks of the advancing infantry regiment "Royal-Liégeois". He was hit by four musket balls and later succumbed to these injuries.

After these events, the regiment had to expect to be disbanded or at least punished.

On December 7, 1790, the "Comité militaire de l'Assemblée nationale" (Military Committee of the National Assembly) recommended the dismissal of the regiment. The flags were to be kept in the main church of the place where the dismissal would take place.

This recommendation was accepted at the 27th session of the National Assembly on December 12, 1790. To replace the regiment, a new regiment was formed on January 28, 1791 from the people of the Régiment du Roi, who were willing to honorably continue their service. It was assigned the number 102 and was garrisoned at Vitry-le-François in February . On May 23rd, it was assigned to Besançon to garrison the citadel there. In August the regimental number was changed to 105.

Participation in combat activities

Dutch War (1673 to 1679)

Battle of Seneffe in a brigade formation with the Régiment des Royal-Vaisseaux (The Regiment du Roi lost 72 officers, including 22 captains )

After the peace agreement, the regiment moved into garrison in Lille.

Reunion War (1683 to 1684)

War of the Palatinate Succession (1688 to 1697)

September: Siege of Charleroi
  • 1695 : Siege of Dixmude, siege of Deyns, bombardment of Brussels
  • 1697 : Siege of Ath .
  • 1698 : Relocation to the Camp de Compiègne, where the remnants of the "Régiment de Varville" were incorporated on July 19.

War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714)

  • 1701: The Regiment du Roi left its garrisons in Versailles and Saint Germain and moved to the Netherlands with the French army.
  • 1702: First battle near Nijmegen, cover troops bombarding Peer
  • 1703: April 17th: Deployment to the Rhine Army, commanded by the Duke of Burgundy , siege of Breisach am Rhein and Landau. Battle of the Speyerbach (300 men losses, although the regiment only formed the left wing of the infantry.) The day after the battle, the regiment moved to its winter quarters in Colmar .
  • 1704: in the Tallard Army . Participation in the operation in support of the Marsin army in the Electorate of Bavaria . Second battle near Höchstädt (The Régiment du Roi was the only one that arrived on the Rhine in good order after the disaster.)
  • 1705: At the beginning of the year, the command was assigned to the Rhine and Moselle area and in June it was relocated to Flanders. Arrived in front of Brussels on July 15, it occupied and fortified the Florival Abbey
  • 1706: Battle of Ramillies
  • 1707: The regiment was badly damaged and was transferred to Dunkirk to refresh. It saw no more activity that year.
  • 1708: In the battle of Oudenaarde , "du Roi" fought loss-making in the brigade formation with the Régiment de Poitou and then withdrew in an orderly manner. Then for the rest of the year with no activities at Camp de Potte
  • 1709: Participation in the Battle of Malplaquet
  • 1710: Garrison in Amiens without activity
  • 1711: April 8th: Departure for the occupation of Miraumont , in the battle near Arleux
  • 1712: Battle of Denain , capture of Marchiennes , Douai , Le Quesnoy and Bouchain .
  • 1713: Relocation to the Rhine, conquest of Speyer, Worms, Kaiserslautern , Landau and Freiburg
Battle of Denain - on the left the Régiment du Roi

War of the Polish Succession (1733-1736)

  • October 1733 : Seconded to the army in Italy, the regiment took part in battles near Gera d'Adda and Pizzighetone. The campaign ended with the siege and capture of the Castello Sforzesco in Milan .
  • 1734 : Battle of Parma
September 15: together with the Régiment de Champagne, liberation of the Régiment du Dauphin , encircled by the Austrians near Secchia , battle of Guastalla , siege of La Mirandole
  • 1735 : Security tasks in Northern Italy and on the Adige
  • 1736 : Return to France at the end of the year. Arras was assigned as a garrison .

War of the Austrian Succession (1740 to 1755)

  • 1740 : Assigned to the “Armée de Bohême” (Bohemian Army) in the “Cayla Division”, the regiment arrived in Pilsen on November 6th and took part in the capture of Prague on November 26th . On December 4th, a brigade consisting of the regiments "du Roi" and " Royal-Bavière " under the command of the Comte de Polastron left Prague to alarm the Austrian garrisons in Moravia , to occupy the line on the Sazawa and to try to To take Ceske Budejovice
  • 1742 : January 15th: capture of Iglau ,
May: Security services at Lochowitz and the Königssaal, August: During the siege in Prague,
December: withdrawal from Prague, the regiment moved into quarters on the Naab
  • 1743 : The regiment marches without major interruption to the Rhine. The strength was still 150 officers and 1,300 men,
June: Battle of Dettingen with the loss of nine officers and 110 men dead and wounded. After the lost battle, the three regiments "du Roi", " de Navarre " and "d'Auvergne" formed the rearguard of the French army retreating to Haguenau in Alsace.
August 17th: Relocation to Upper Alsace, occupation of Sponeck Castle to control the Rhine crossings from here.
August 26th: Rhine crossing,
September 29th: Opening of the trenches (beginning of the siege work) in front of Freiburg
  • 1745 : Back in Flanders. Siege of Tournai, battle of Fontenoy (2 captains, 2 lieutenants and 79 men had died, 25 officers and 266 men were so badly wounded that they could no longer fight.) The regiment then moved to Tournai and, at the end of the campaign, captured the Citadel there , as well as that of Oudenaarde and Ath.
  • 1746
In January in the quarter in Binche , in May , Mechelen was occupied together with the regiments de Piémont and d'Auvergne . Siege of Mons , Charleroi , Saint-Ghislain and Namur , Battle of Raucoux
  • 1747 : In the field camp near Malines until May, then siege of Château d'Illema and battle of Lauffeldt
Battle of Lauffeldt
  • 1748 : Siege of Maastricht, return to the garrison at Versailles after the peace treaty
  • 1755 : Transfer to Nancy to the court of " Roi Stanislas "

Seven Years War (1757 to 1763)

  • 1757 : Assigned to the Rhine Army. In the regiment, an elite battalion was formed from the grenadier and hunter companies, which distinguished itself in the battle of Hastenbeck .
March under the command of Maréchal Richelieu to conquer the Electorate of Hanover

Revolutionary Wars and Wars of the First Empire

  • 1792
The 1st Battalion was assigned to Custine's Army. It was the conquest of the Palatinate involved and then in Mainz in garrison gelegt-
  • 1793
The 1st battalion was in Plombsheim, the 2nd battalion in Fort de Joux in Pontarlier

A detachment of the 2nd Battalion belonged to the Landau garrison and was involved in the successful defense of the fortress. The two battalions were then deployed on the Rhine and Moselle and moved to Italy in 1795.

Battle of Marengo
Garrison in Genoa , then transferred to Marseille
  • 1802
Embarkation for Santo Domingo

After their return, the parts of the regiment were initially used as demi-brigades de bataille in Germany, Switzerland and Italy.

Then back in France they belonged to the Gironde Observation Corps and were stationed in Bourges , Issoudun, Châteauroux , Bordeaux, Bayonne , and finally in Brest , where the "44 e demi-brigade de bataille" 1803 to the "44 e régiment d'infanterie" has been.

The "105 e régiment d'infanterie" (formed in 1803 from the "75 e demi-brigade de bataille") took part in the expedition to Ireland.

  • 1805 to 1807
Fight with the 7th and 10th Corps of the Grande Armée
Campaign to Prussia and Poland
Battle of Jena
Battle of Eylau
  • 1808
Parts of the regiment were transferred to Spain, the rest was in Camp de Boulogne and Rennes
  • 1809
Battle of Heilsberg
Battle of Wagram
  • 1814
With the 4th Corps on the Moselle

Second empire

First World War

Stationed in Riom , the regiment belonged to; "51 e brigade d'infanterie"; in the “13 e corps d'armée”.

for the "26 e division d'infanterie" from August 1914 to December 1916.
for the "25 e division d'infanterie" from December 1916 to November 1918

1914

  • Mobilization of the regiment on August 2, 1914
  • 8 August to 11 September: Campaign in Lorraine - first battle near Badonviller
  • September 15 to November 12: Race to the sea
  • November 14th to December 2nd: Trench warfare in Flanders

1915

  • Trench warfare in Flanders

1916

  • March 1916 to April 25, 1916: Battle of Verdun
  • July 17 to November 30, 1916: fighting on the Somme

1916 to 1917

  • December 1916 to February 1917: fighting near Verdun
  • February 1917 to July 1917: Trench warfare at Saint-Quentin

1917 to 1918

  • August 1917 to July 17, 1918: Trench warfare near Verdun

1918

23 August to 11 November 1918: fighting on the Vesle and the Aisne

Second World War

On September 9, 1939, the inactive regiment (Régiment de réserve A RI type NE) was put into a state of war by the "Center Mobilisateur d'infanterie 132". The commander was the Lieutenant-Colonel Picard, it was assigned to the "26 e division d'infanterie". After the French defeat, it went under in 1940.

Last flag used

On the back of the regimental flag (since Napoleonic times) the campaigns and battles in which the regiment took part are listed in gold letters.

  • Flag model 1880
  • 105e rég inf cg av 1880.png
  • 105e rég inf rev 1880.png

Awards

The flag ribbon is decorated with the Croix de guerre (1914-1918) Croix de guerre 3 palmes.pngwith three palm branches for three honorable mentions in the army command.

The members of the regiment had (or have) the right to wear the Fourragère in the colors of the Croix de guerre 1914–1918.

Motto

À Moi Auvergne
(Auvergne, to me!)

literature

  • Chronologie historique-militaire , par M. Pinard, tomes 4, 5, 7 et 8, Paris 1761, 1762, 1764 et 1778
  • À partir du Recueil d'Historiques de l'Infanterie Française (Général Andolenko - Eurimprim 1969)

Web links

Commons : Flags of the 105 ° regiment d'infanterie  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ dishonorable dissolved
  2. ↑ which had nothing to do with the former 105 e regiment d'infanterie
  3. ↑ 30. Light Infantry Regiment
  4. ↑ Cinquième abrégé général du militaire de France, sur terre et sur mer , Lemau de la Jaisse, Paris, 1739
  5. ↑ , i.e. the regiments owned by the king himself
  6. ↑ The overall ranking was important for the reputation of the regiment owner and was the cause of constant wrangling
  7. ↑ So a representative of the actual commander, who was himself only representative of the king as nominal commander.
  8. ^ Battalion commander
  9. ↑ in Verdun
  10. ↑ «  Décision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT du 14 September 2007 relative aux inscriptions de noms de batailles sur les drapeaux et étendards des corps de troupe de l'armée de terre, du service de santé des armées et du service des essences des armées, Bulletin officiel des armées, n ° 27, 9 November 2007  »(German:“ Provision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT of September 14, 2007 on the appearance of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the Troops of the army, the medical service and the fuel supply branch. Published with the official army bulletin No. 27 of November 9, 2007 ")
  11. ↑ "  Arrêté relatif à l'attribution de l'inscription AFN 1952–1962 sur les drapeaux et étendards des formations des armées et services, du 19 novembre 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie  " (German: "Order AFN 1952–1962 on the assignment of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the formations of the army and the services of November 19, 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie ")
  12. ↑ This also applies to units that have already been disbanded, as they can (theoretically) be put back into active service at any time