Mobilgarde (France)

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The French Mobilgarde ( Garde nationale mobile , often short les Mobiles or family Les Moblots ) were created by law of February 1, 1868 as auxiliary troops for the French army in the defense of fortresses, cities, landscapes, the state border and to maintain the public Order established in the event of war. In German, the term is mostly used in the plural - Mobilgarden . They were deployed in Paris in a strength of 24 battalions to promote the achievements of the republicto protect. Members were mostly unemployed young men who had already contributed to the revolution that year.

Today they would be called paramilitary units. At that time, the term Landsturm was widespread in German-speaking countries.

Le Bourget: courtyard of the park where Ernest Bazoche, commander of the 12th Mobile Battalion, was killed on October 30, 1870.

The Mobile Guard was initially intended to support the National Guard , but then also served as a job creation measure . In the June battles she fought against the insurgent proletariat together with the military for the maintenance of general order. Shortly thereafter, however, the mobile guard was disbanded.

In the military law of February 1, 1868 , a "mobile national guard" was re-established as a special class of armed power in France . It should include all men of military age between the ages of 20 and 40, insofar as they are exempt from service in the army and in the reserve and could not take legal consideration due to family circumstances.

In the Franco-German War 1870 / 71 received the mobile National Guards in contrast to the "sedentary" (immobile) the name Mobile Guard and formed an integral part of formations that after the fall of the empire were set up.

After the uprising of the Paris Commune was put down, this mobile guard was also disbanded. When in July 1870 the French Emperor Napoléon III. declared war (there was still no German Empire ), the mobile guard existed only on paper and in the consciousness of the population (this is what Marshal Edmond Le Bœuf , who was Minister of War in 1870 , said ). The mobile guard was moderately armed and trained. The units often lacked cohesion and training. Two months after the defeat in the Battle of Sedan (September 1st and 2nd, 1870) the actual army had lost about 90% of its soldiers. The Mobilgarden were the last contingent in this situation . They withstood the German troops that were besieging Paris for several months.

After the fall of Paris, the city of Belfort and the Citadel of Bitsch were the last places besieged in France. The last major battles of the war took place here. When Belfort was besieged , the garrison consisted of 12,800 Mobile Guard soldiers.

Second World War

During the Second World War, units of the mobile guard were set up again. In the Compiègne Armistice (June 22, 1940), the French army was allowed 95,000 soldiers; 180 officers and 6,000 men in the mobile guard; 3,584 officers and 84,516 soldiers in other units.

Web links

literature

  • D. Seigneur, d'après le dossier du chef de bataillon Duriez, membre du comité d'histoire militaire de la Vie RM

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Seconde Guerre Mondiale (1939–45) ( French ) quid.fr. Archived from the original on April 1, 2009. Retrieved May 18, 2013.