June uprising 1832
The June uprising of 1832 is an uprising by French republicans against the government of King Louis Philip I of France. The fighting between insurgents and government troops lasted from June 5 to 6, 1832. They took place in Paris , ended with the suppression of the uprising and did not result in any immediate political changes.
root cause
Since the July Revolution of 1830 and the overthrow of King Charles X , King Louis Philippe I ruled France on the basis of the Charter of 1830 within the framework of a constitutional monarchy . Despite its parliamentary and democratic elements, this constitution gave the royal power and, due to the census suffrage anchored in it, the wealthy classes in the country a strong political preponderance over the rest of the population. Accordingly, republican circles in the French bourgeoisie were dissatisfied with the new constitutional reality soon after Louis Philippe took over and demanded reforms.
On May 22, 1832, 39 members of the Chamber of Deputies met and published an accountability report for their constituents, in which they denounced the deficiencies of the constitution and of the royal government. The lead here was the banker and former finance minister Jacques Laffitte , who had originally been one of the first supporters of Louis Philippe, but who had been disappointed in his revolutionary expectations and had resigned in March 1831. The accountability report conjured up the dangers of the counter-revolution, which was gaining strength, and turned in particular against the incumbent government under Prime Minister Casimir Pierre Perier .
course
The confrontation with the government began on June 2, 1832 on the occasion of the funeral of the young republican mathematician Évariste Galois , which was attended by three thousand government critics. When General Jean Maximilien Lamarque , also a Republican, was buried three days later, on June 5, the funeral procession turned into an anti-royalist demonstration. The Republicans raised barricades and raised the red flag. There were fights with the army and the National Guard , which dragged on into the evening and initially remained without result.
The next day, on June 6th, King Louis Philippe returned from Saint-Cloud Castle to the capital and ordered the rebellion to be put down. There was heavy fighting with around eight hundred dead. At the end of the day the insurgents were defeated. On the same day, on the orders of the king, the government imposed a state of siege on Paris: with the same decree, jurisdiction over the revolutionaries was transferred to military jurisdiction in order to guarantee the severest possible sentences. After this measure had caused renewed unrest among Republicans and moderate royalists, the French Court of Cassation annulled the ministerial decree on June 18, invoking relevant articles of the Charter. Thereupon the king submitted to this ruling and withdrew his order, whereupon the pending proceedings were referred back to the ordinary jury courts. Nonetheless, these courts also passed unexpectedly severe sentences - including seven death sentences, which the king immediately commuted to prison terms.
consequences
The June uprising of 1832 saw itself as the republican-democratic completion of the movement that had only just begun in 1830 with the July revolution and left many unsatisfied. It also failed because the Republicans, mostly intellectuals, artists and educated citizens, had failed to mobilize broad sections of the population for their goals. In view of the unsuccessful uprising, optimistic republicans saw the court-enforced withdrawal of the order on special jurisdiction by the king as a small victory for the constitutional state over government authoritarianism, which, albeit in a constitutional framework, had persisted beyond 1830.
Survival
The June uprising of 1832 in Paris was processed by Victor Hugo in Part IV of his novel Die Elenden , An Idylle in Rue Plumet and an Epic in Rue Saint-Denis and found its way into the various adaptations of the novel in films and musicals .
See also
literature
- Baudrier (Pierre) .– Insurgés et forces de l'ordre en 1832. Alexandre Deschapelles and Robert Richard O'Reilly, Bulletin de l'Association d'Histoire et d'Archéologie du XXe arrondissement de Paris, Numéro 50, 4e trimestre 2011, pp. 7-27
- Bouchet (Thomas). - Les barricades des 5-6 juin 1832 In Histoire des mouvements sociaux en France de 1814 à nos jours; ss let you. de Michel Pigenet et Danielle Tartakowsky.– Paris: La Découverte, 2012, pp. 113-120. ISBN 978-2-7071-6985-3