Tongeren
Tongeren | ||
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State : | Belgium | |
Region : | Flanders | |
Province : | Limburg | |
District : | Tongeren | |
Coordinates : | 50 ° 47 ' N , 5 ° 28' E | |
Area : | 87.56 km² | |
Residents: | 30,996 (Jan 1, 2019) | |
Population density: | 354 inhabitants per km² | |
Post Code: | 3700 | |
Prefix: | 012 | |
Mayor: | Patrick Dewael ( Open VLD ) | |
Local government address : |
Administratief Centrum Praetorium Maastrichterstraat 10 3700 Tongeren |
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Website: | www.tongeren.be |
Tongeren ( Limburgish : Tóngere , French : Tongres , Dutch : Tongeren ) is the oldest town in Belgium (founded around 15 BC..), Emerged from the Roman settlement Aduatuca Tungrorum that on the Roman road from Cologne to Bavay was, now Via Belgica is called and continued to Boulogne-sur-Mer .
geography
Tongeren is located in the south of the Belgian province of Limburg , about 15 km north of Liège , 15 km west of Maastricht and about 20 km south of Hasselt .
history
The ancient Aduatuca Tungrorum is probably not identical with the fortified place Aduatuca , where Quintus Titurius Sabinus , a general of Caesar , 54 BC. BC suffered a severe defeat against the Eburones led by Ambiorix and fell. During the reign of Emperor Augustus , around 15 BC In the area of today's Tongeren a Roman military camp and soon afterwards a civil settlement. Aduatuca Tungrorum became the capital of the Tungerer and the Roman Civitas Tungrorum . The military camp was abandoned towards the end of Augustus' reign, but the place remained an important trading center. During the revolt of Iulius Civilis in 69/70 AD, Aduatuca Tungrorum appears to have been destroyed, but was soon rebuilt. It developed into an important road junction and the most important place in the province of Germania inferior after Cologne . Trajan or Hadrian had it surrounded by a wall about 4.5 km in circumference. At around 275 Franks looted the city. After they were driven out, the Romans put on a new, but much smaller, surrounding wall. The city now came to the province of Germania secunda . In 451 it was destroyed by the Huns during the Attila's invasion . In any case, the Roman period in Tongeren ended shortly after this point in time. Remains of the city wall built in the 2nd century, as well as houses, a sanctuary and an aqueduct as well as many graves have been preserved.
The city had been the seat of a bishop since the beginning of the 4th century , who moved to Maastricht around 595 and to Liège in 718/19 . In 881 Tongeren was sacked by the Normans . The largely destroyed city was rebuilt in the 10th century, came to the Bishop Notger of Liège and belonged to the Principality of Liège until the end of the Ancien Régime . In 1401 and 1553 plague epidemics raged here . In 1677 Tongeren was burned down by the troops of Louis XIV .
Districts
- mountain
- Diets Heur
- Henis
- 's Herenelderen
- Koninksem
- Lukewarm
- Times
- Neerrepen
- Nerem
- Overrepen
- Piringen
- Riksingen
- Rutten
- Sluizen
- Vreren (French Frères)
- Widooie
Attractions
Museums
- Gallo-Roman Museum Tongeren : The Roman Museum was named " European Museum of the Year 2011 " by"The European Museum Forum".
- Former prison: The building of the former prison is open to the public and gives an insight into the “life behind walls” between 1880 and 2005.
- Teseum : Museum of the Basilica of Our Lady (treasury and archaeological excavations).
Buildings
- First Roman wall , built in the 2nd century AD, of its original length of 4,544 m, around 1,500 m are still preserved.
- Second Roman wall , built in the 4th century AD to defend against the Franks , enclosed a much smaller area than the first. No unearthly remains of this wall have survived.
- Medieval wall: the wall that surrounds the center of Tongeren and dates from 1257–1264. It was built on Roman foundations and is still preserved today
- Still image of Ambiorix : The most famous monument in Tongeren shows the Belgian national hero Ambiorix.
- Begijnhof : from the 13th century
- Moerenpoort: Arms Museum, is located in the historic city gate
- Onze Lieve Vrouw Basilica ( Basilica of Our Lady), built in its current form in the years 1240–1541, Gothic.
- Pliny Fountain
Regular events
- Flea market: Every Sunday from 6 a.m. to 1 p.m. there is a nationally popular flea market in Tongeren. There, antique items of all kinds are mainly offered by professional dealers.
- Onze Lieve Vrouw Basilica - Procession: Every seven years there is a large procession with the image of Our Lady, which is considered to be miraculous. The last year of procession was 2009.
traffic
Tongeren is on the Liège - Hasselt - Antwerp railway line and on the Monzen route from Aachen West. The latter route is used exclusively for freight traffic.
Town twinning
Personalities
Sons and daughters
- Philippe Boesmans (* 1936), composer and organist
- Robert Cailliau (* 1947), computer scientist
- Camille van Camp (1834–1891), portrait and landscape painter
- Fud Candrix (1908–1974), jazz musician, arranger and band leader
- Constant Claes (1826–1905), portrait, genre and church painter
- Jozef-Maria Heusschen (1915–2002), Bishop of Hasselt
- Patrick Hoogmartens (* 1952), Bishop of Hasselt
- Wilfried Nelissen (* 1970), racing cyclist
- Yves Petry (* 1967), writer and journalist
- Erik Schoefs (* 1967), track cyclist
- Erwin Thijs (* 1970), racing cyclist
- Arnold von Tongern (around 1470–1540), theologian, clergyman and university professor
People with a relationship to the city
- Patrick Dewael (* 1955), Belgian politician ( VLD ), former Interior Minister and Vice Prime Minister
gallery
literature
- Belgium . Verlag Karl Baedeker Ostfildern, 3rd edition 1998, pp. 363–367 ISBN 3-87504-417-7
- Alain Vanderhoeven: The Roman city of Tongeren. In: Raban von Haehling , Andreas Schaub (Hrsg.): Römisches Aachen. Archaeological-historical aspects of Aachen and the Euregio. Schnell and Steiner Verlag, Regensburg 2013. ISBN 978-3-7954-2598-2 , pp. 387-411.
Web links
- toerismetongeren.be/de - Official tourist information of the city of Tongeren
- tongeren.be - City of Tongeren (Dutch)
Individual evidence
- ^ Sigfried Jan de Laet: Atuatuca Tungrorum . In: Richard Stillwell et al. a. (Ed.): The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 1976, ISBN 0-691-03542-3 .
- ↑ Michael Erbe : Belgium, Netherlands, Luxemburg , Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-17-010976-6 , p. 33.
- ↑ Michael Erbe: Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg , p. 34.
- ↑ Tongres . In: La grande encyclopédie , vol. 31, p. 160.
- ^ Archeology in Germany, issue 4/2011, p. 71