Iconoclasm

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Iconoclastic riots by Calvinists in the Cathedral of Our Lady of Antwerp on August 20, 1566 (copper engraving by Frans Hogenberg , 1588)
Bamiyan Buddha statue before and after it was blown up by the Taliban in 2001

Under iconoclasm (from ancient Greek ἡ εἰκών he Eikon "the picture image" and τὸ κλάσμα tó klásma "the Broken, fragment", this of κλάω Klao "I break") refers to the destruction of sacred images or monuments of their own religion ( iconoclasm ) , especially in Christianity . The destruction of images is an expression of the hostility to images or fear of images ( iconophobia ) in a culture , religion or institution.

People who destroy or call for images to be destroyed are called iconoclasts or iconoclasts .

Occurrence and species

Iconoclasm has a long tradition not only in Christianity (especially in Calvinism ), but also in Islam (especially in Wahhabism ). James Noyes, however, also considers iconoclasm to be a typical phenomenon of modernity and an essential accompaniment to the emergence of secularized states. The implementation of monotheism through the destruction of “false gods” can be compared with that of modern nationalism . Noyes also considers Italian futurism to be an iconoclastic movement.

See also

literature

  • David Freedberg : Iconoclasm and painting in the revolt of the Netherlands: 1566 - 1609 . New York: Garland 1988. Zugl .: Oxford, Univ., Diss., 1972.
  • Helmut Feld: The iconoclasm of the West. Studies in the History of Christian Thought. Volume 41. Brill, Leiden 1990. ISBN 90-04-09243-9 .
  • Dario Gamboni: Destroyed Art: Iconoclasm and Vandalism in the 20th Century. From the English by Christian Rochow. DuMont, Cologne 1998. ISBN 3-7701-4281-0 .
  • Golinski, Hans Günter; Radermacher, Martin (ed.): IMAGE DOES RELIGION. Art between worship, prohibition and destruction . Exhibition catalog. Bochum: Kunstmuseum Bochum, 2019.
  • Alain Besançon: The Forbidden Image. An Intellectual History of Iconoclasm. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago a. a. 2000. ISBN 0-226-04413-0 .
  • Peter Blickle u. a. (Ed.): Power and powerlessness of images. Reformation iconoclasm in the context of European history. Historical magazine. Beih. 33. Munich 2002. ISBN 3-486-64433-5 .
  • Anne McClanan et al. a. (Ed.): Negating the Image. Case studies in Iconoclasm. Ashgate, Aldershot 2005. ISBN 0-7546-0854-9 .
  • Teodoro lo Studita, Antirrheticus Adversus Iconomachos. Confutazioni contro gli avversari delle sante icone , a cura di Antonio Calisi, Chàrisma Edizioni, Bari 2013, p. 106. ISBN 978-88-908559-0-0 .
  • Michael Falser: The Buddhas of Bamiyan, performative iconoclasm and the image of cultural heritage. In: Zeitschrift für Kulturwissenschaft, 1/2010 (Culture and Terror): 82–93.
  • Antonio Calisi: I Difensori Dell'icona: La Partecipazione Dei Vescovi Dell'italia Meridionale Al Concilio Di Nicea II 787 , Createspace Independent Pub 2017, ISBN 1-978401-09-4 ISBN 978-1-978401-09-9 .

Web links

Commons : Iconoclasm  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Iconoclasm  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Wiktionary: iconoclastic  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ James Noyes: The Politics of Iconoclasm: Religion, Violence and the Culture of Image-Breaking in Christianity and Islam. London 2013 (English).