Kneiting

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Kneiting
community Pettendorf
Coordinates: 49 ° 1 ′ 36 ″  N , 12 ° 2 ′ 1 ″  E
Height : 355 m
Residents : 600  (December 31, 2010)
Postal code : 93186
Area code : 0941
Village house in Kneiting
Village house in Kneiting

Kneiting is a place with around 600 inhabitants in the district of Regensburg . Kneiting used to form an independent municipality together with Mariaort , which was added to the municipality of Pettendorf as part of the regional reform in 1978 .

history

Presumably from antiquity to the 19th century, viticulture was practiced in Kneiting and the so-called Baierwein was produced
During the Landshut War of Succession , the Bavarian troops camped by Duke Albrecht IV on the Greifenberg near Kneiting
After the victory over Napoleon in 1815, according to the parish chronicle, a bonfire also blazed on the Kneitinger Berg
Vegetable growing still defines the townscape of Kneiting today

Origins

Barrows in the area prove that Kneiting is located in the middle of an old settled area. Barrows have been discovered especially north of Kneiting. Located directly on the rivers Danube and Naab , which at that time ran parallel to the mouth of the rain , the “open” area around Kneiting belonged to the Bavarian old settlement area. The area north of Kneiting, in the direction of Pettendorf , on the other hand, was wooded until the high Middle Ages and was only opened up by settlers around the year 1000.

In the 2nd century AD, the border of the Roman Empire ran in the Kneiting area on the southern bank of the Danube . On the opposite side of the Danube from Mariaort was the Prüingen small fort , which was built around the year 179 and was supposed to be used to observe Germanic advances from the Pettendorfer Valley or across the Naab . The location of the Roman fort indicates that this area served as a deployment base for advances into the central town of Regensburg even in ancient times .

In addition, according to Manfred Kroneder, it seems likely that the Romans maintained a settlement post near Kneiting, north of the Danube. Kroneder points out that some topographical peculiarities and later historical developments suggest that the Romans from Kneiting cultivated vineyards near Winzer (today a district of Regensburg). The historian Schuegraf also referred to a strategically important watch and signal tower of the Romans north of the Danube near Kneiting.

Historical events from 1212 to 1809

In 1212 Kneiting was first mentioned in a document from the Schottenkloster St. Jakob in Regensburg. This document describes the place as "Chneutingen". The terms for Kneiting also change frequently in later documents. The place is named in documents 1219 "Chnaeting", 1316 "Chneutting", 1420 "Knäwtting", 1477 "Kneyting" and 1556 "Khneitting".

In terms of settlement geography, viticulture at Kneiting and Winzer (today a district of Regensburg ) as well as belonging to the Regensburg Schottenkloster St. Jakob were significant . According to its chronicle, the Schottenkloster owned 3 farmsteads, 9 vineyards, 44 fields, 3 meadows and 2 gardens near Kneiting in 1212. In 1720, the monastery had 7 houses, 13 farms, 14 vineyards, 26 fields, 2 meadows and 3 gardens as possessions near Kneiting. These ownership structures, which lasted for centuries, show the dominance of the Schottenkloster in this area. The present-day property at Kirchgasse 1 was the official court of the monastery in Kneiting at that time and the Zehentstadel was located in the area of ​​today's parking lot next to the cemetery.

In Kneiting, viticulture can still be traced back to the 19th century and some family names (Wein, Weinmann) and field names (Weinberg, Weingasse) that are still represented today are associated with it. The so-called Baierwein was grown there. The Holy Urban , the patron saint of winegrowers, is worshiped at the altar of St. Mary's Chapel in Kneiting.

In the course of the Landshut War of Succession , the northern area around Regensburg was the deployment area of ​​the Bavarian troops in September 1504, who had set up their camp on the Greifenberg near Kneiting. From there, the mercenaries devastated the surrounding area in such a way that some farms in the area were still fallow fifty years later as a result of the fighting . As a result of the Landshut War of Succession, the area of ​​the old municipality of Pettendorf no longer belonged to the Duchy of Bavaria , but to the newly founded Principality of Pfalz-Neuburg . The places Kneiting and Mariaort, however, remained Bavarian. In the period that followed, boundary stones were erected between Kneiting, Aichahof and Hinterberg, some of which can still be seen in the corridors today. Mariaort became a border town and a customs post.

A political separation that lasted more than three hundred years began for both areas of the community. While the area around Pettendorf was administered by the Palatinate-Neuburg regional judge's office in Burglengenfeld , the places Kneiting and Mariaort were subordinate to the Bavarian district judge in Stadtamhof .

During the Thirty Years' War during the battles around Regensburg , the area around Kneiting was again used as a deployment area for imperial, Bavarian and Swedish armies in 1632 and 1641. As a result of the effects of the war, the population in the community area decreased by more than 60% and many farmsteads were vacant again in the period that followed.

As early as 1703, the Kneitinger area was again included in the war. During the War of the Spanish Succession, the Bavarian Elector Max Emanuel besieged the imperial city of Regensburg in order to incorporate it into his principality. Again the farms in the surrounding area were used to supply the Soldateska.

After the line of the Neuburg Count Palatinate died out, they were inherited by the Bavarian Wittelsbachers in 1777 . The Wittelsbachers abolished the Duchy of Palatinate-Neuburg / Sulzbach in 1808 and united its parts of the country with the new Kingdom of Bavaria . The area around Pettendorf, like Kneiting and Mariaort, became Bavarian again.

The more recent past from 1809 to today

During the Napoleonic Wars , Kneiting was also badly affected in 1809 after the battle of Regensburg . The loss of all parish registers goes back to this time. They were stored in the Katharinenspital in Regensburg, the seat of the parish, and have probably been burned since the fire in 1809. To celebrate the liberation from Napoleon's rule, a bonfire was lit on Kneitinger Berg in 1815, which is expressly noted in the parish chronicle.

By royal edict, parishes were formed in Bavaria for the first time in 1818. Kneiting was initially assigned to the municipality of Niederwinzer and received the status of an independent municipality from 1836.

In 1833, the teacher Simon Koller pointed out the abundant brown coal deposits near Kneiting. Investigations into the usability of the coal were positive. The coal store was opened up by a shaft and dismantling began in 1834. The pit was called Schenk und Glück. After a while, operations had to be stopped again due to unprofitability. The drained pit has now been renatured and is used as a Schwetzendorf quarry pond for recreation.

In 1838 Kneiting had 42 houses and 228 residents. Today's main town, Pettendorf, only had 28 houses and 169 inhabitants. At that time Kneiting was by far the largest place in today's community area. At this time the new road from Winzer to Etterzhausen via Mariaort was built. For centuries, the route previously led travelers over the Kneitinger Berg. The path, still known today as Alte Straße, was a state road until it was bought by the citizens of Kneiting in 1878 for the price of 60.50 marks. At that time the street covered an area of ​​ten days' work in the area of ​​the former old community of Kneiting.

In 1885 the Royal Bavarian Fruit Tree Exhibition took place in Kneiting.

During the Second World War, there was a flak position near Kneiting to protect the Messerschmitt works on the opposite side of the Danube.

In 1963, merchants from Regensburg bought the land between Hinterberg and Kneiting. As early as 1936, this area had been declared a residential area. The merchants wanted to build 420 family dormitories and blocks with a further 220 apartments, an eight-grade school, a kindergarten, 3 grocery stores, a bakery and a church there by the end of the 1960s. The planning was based on an estimated population of 3000 for the new settlement. But since neither the government nor the district administration wanted to approve these plans, they finally failed in 1974 due to a court decision.

In the late 1970s, Kneiting was also home to the legendary Kneiting jazz club run by saxophonist Uli Teichmann and his wife. Since several residents complained about disturbances to the peace, the club had to close in 1981 because the Regensburg District Office's requirements could not be met. During the short period of existence, around 170 events were held with in some cases more than 200 visitors per event. Important jazz groups from all over the world came to Kneiting at that time. The events of the Kneitinger Jazz Club were also reported on radio and television. The Kneiting Jazz Club was the forerunner of today's Regensburg Jazz Club. V.

In recent years, Kneiting has increasingly developed into a popular residential suburb in the directly adjacent city of Regensburg . Agricultural businesses with animal husbandry have not existed in the village for several decades. The place is still largely shaped by fruit and vegetable growing .

religion

Church of St. Peter and Paul in Kneiting

Since May 1, 2000, Kneiting has belonged to the Roman Catholic parish of Pettendorf.

A church in Kneiting is documented as early as 1212. At that time Kneiting seems to have been an independent parish, as a canon of St. Johann from Regensburg was designated as pastor of Kneiting. In 1287, the Abbot of St. Jakob in Regensburg left the Kneiting Chapel to the Walderbach Monastery . In 1303 the "Abbess of Pettendorf" was granted the right of patronage for Kneiting. 1307 a pastor and an assistant priest were named for Kneiting.

In 1442 a branch church of St. Peter and Paul was mentioned in Kneiting, which means that the place was probably no longer an independent parish at that time. In contrast, the registers of the diocese of Regensburg from 1666 once again mention Kneiting as an independent parish. In 1823 Kneiting appears in the records as a branch church of the parish Winzer (today a district of Regensburg ).

The question of whether Kneiting was an independent parish or a subsidiary church was discussed for the last time in 1896 when the Winzerer church was being extended. The Kneiting citizens refused to do manual and tensioning services and referred to the former independence of their parish.

The pastor of the Katharinenspital in Regensburg held the service in Kneiting until the 1950s. This was due to the special connection between the Winzer parish and the hospital parish. Both parishes were probably united around 1600 and it was not until 1957 that a separate city pastor for winegrowers was appointed. This also ended the connection between the winemaker and the St. Katharinen Hospital. The newly appointed parish priest from Winzer also looked after the parish of Kneiting until it was merged with the parish of Pettendorf.

The old community of Kneiting (1836 to 1978)

From 1836 to 1978 Kneiting and the neighboring Mariaort formed an independent municipality, the old municipality of Kneiting.

In the course of the territorial reform in the 1970s, the local council and the population of the old Kneiting community voted to become part of Regensburg . However, the government of the Upper Palatinate decreed that it was incorporated into Pettendorf. The old municipality of Kneiting sued the Bavarian Administrative Court against this ruling, which in 1977 ruled the incorporation into Pettendorf legal. So in 1978 Kneiting was attached to today's municipality of Pettendorf.

Mayors of the old municipality of Kneiting were:

  • 1946–1956: Benedikt Fleischmann
  • 1956–1978: Michael Bach

The local council of the old municipality of Kneiting consisted of the mayor and six councilors from 1946 to 1972. During the last term of office from 1972 to 1978, the body consisted of mayors and eight municipal councils.

Citizens from Kneiting and Mariaort have also been represented in the municipal council of today's municipality of Pettendorf since 1978. Since 2008, Bernhard Weigl has been the third mayor of the Pettendorf community from Kneiting.

Attractions

  • Chapel of Our Lady : The so-called Liebfrauenkapelle is the oldest church building in Kneiting and probably also in the municipality of Pettendorf. According to tradition, a wooden church is said to have stood on this site before the year 1000, which was destroyed by fire and then replaced by a stone building. The so-called women's fountain used to be the destination of pilgrims as a healing spring. The valuable winged altar dates from 1506.
  • Church of St. Peter and Paul : The church was built as the second church in the village. The first evidence of this second church comes from 1442, the current construction can be traced back to the beginning of the 18th century. The church tower, which is striking for the town of Kneiting with a height of 35 meters, was only erected in 1885 after the previous tower had been destroyed by lightning and later had to be demolished because it was dilapidated. The high altar of the church comes from the Regensburg Cathedral and was probably removed there as part of the regotization in the 19th century.
  • Nuns monument: The cemetery wall in Kneiting includes a monument that originally stood on the old bridge at the entrance to the village. It is reminiscent of three nuns from the Seligenporten monastery near Neumarkt , who drowned in the flood of the Brücklgraben at this point on a trip to Regensburg in 1369 .
  • The guild tree on Kapellenplatz in Kneiting is one of the town's landmarks. It was built at the request of Karl Erlinghagen, a Catholic clergyman and professor at the University of Regensburg , on the occasion of his 70th birthday in 1983. Erlinghagen celebrated church services in Kneiting for many years. Günther Wasmeier from Schliersee , father of the former ski professional Markus Wasmeier , designed and painted the boards of the guild tree. In 1990 the guild tree was destroyed by hurricane Wiebke and rebuilt in 1993. As part of the village renewal, the guild tree was restored and re-erected in 2012 on Corpus Christi .
  • Village house: At the end of the 1990s, the old school house in the center of the village was demolished and the Pettendorf community built a new village house for Kneiting. It was designed as a multifunctional house and is home to the volunteer fire brigade as well as the local rifle club. In addition, the village house is regularly used for village community events.

leisure

  • Voluntary fire brigade Kneiting (founded in 1872)
  • Birkengrün Kneiting shooting club (founded in 1904)
  • Rural Youth Kneiting (year of foundation: 1967)

Personalities

  • The long-time prior of the Regensburg Carmelite Monastery of St. Josef and former director of the boys' seminar operated by the convent at the time, Father Rupert, was born in 1907 as Michael Heberger in Kneiting. He died in 1977 and was buried in the Carmelite Church in Regensburg.

Panoramic view of Kneiting

Panorama view of Kneiting with a view of Regensburg in the background

literature

  • Community Pettendorf (ed.): Community Pettendorf - past and present. Lassleben, Kallmünz 1991, ISBN 3-7847-1151-0 .
  • Alois Schmid: Kneiting in prehistory and in the Middle Ages, in: Negotiations of the Historical Association for Upper Palatinate and Regensburg, Volume 153, Regensburg 2013, ISSN 0342-2518, pp. 41-61

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ K. Pongratz: History and description of the cath. Parish winemakers. 1901, p. 144.
  2. ↑ a b Alois Schmid: Kneiting in prehistory and in the Middle Ages . In: Negotiations of the historical association for Upper Palatinate and Regensburg . tape 153 . Historical Association for Upper Palatinate and Regensburg, 2013, ISSN  0342-2518 , p. 42-61 .
  3. ↑ Manfred Kroneder In: Pettendorf community - past and present. Pp. 267-268.
  4. ↑ JR Schuegraf In: The Roman Castrum on the Ring. VHVO 10 (1846), pp. 184-252.
  5. ↑ Manfred Kroneder In: Pettendorf community - past and present. P. 268.
  6. ^ Alois Schmid In: Pettendorf community - history and present. P. 50 ff.
  7. ↑ K. Pongratz: History and description of the cath. Parish winemakers. 1901, p. 87.
  8. ↑ Manfred Kroneder In: Pettendorf community - past and present. P. 276.
  9. ↑ Manfred Kroneder In: Pettendorf community - past and present. P. 275.
  10. ↑ Manfred Kroneder in the community of Pettendorf - past and present. P. 274.
  11. ^ Peter Schmoll: The Messerschmitt works in the Second World War. Mittelbayerische Druck- und Verlags-Gesellschaft, Regensburg 1998, ISBN 3-931904-38-5 .
  12. ↑ Manfred Kroneder In: Pettendorf community - past and present. P. 278.
  13. ↑ Jazz is a tradition in Regensburg. ( Memento of the original from August 20, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on: jazzclub-regensburg.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.jazzclub-regensburg.de
  14. ↑ Manfred Kroneder In: Pettendorf community - past and present. P. 281.
  15. ↑ Uli Teichmann.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on: lohrbaerverlag.de@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.lohrbaerverlag.de  
  16. ↑ Develop activities. The Regensburg Jazz Club with a new board. In: Jazz newspaper. 2003/7.
  17. ^ Filial church St. Peter and Paul in Kneiting. ( Memento of the original from May 31, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. to: pfarrei-pettendorf.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.pfarrei-pettendorf.de
  18. ↑ Manfred Kroneder In: Pettendorf community - past and present. P. 284.
  19. ↑ Manfred Kroneder In: Pettendorf community - past and present. P. 285.
  20. ↑ a b Manfred Kroneder In: Pettendorf community - past and present. Pp. 282-283
  21. ↑ Weigl Bernhard.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on: pettendorf.de@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.pettendorf.de  
  22. ↑ Manfred Kroneder In: Pettendorf community - past and present. P. 286.