Collegiate Foundation St. Johann (Regensburg)

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Collegiate Church of St. Johann

The church building of the collegiate monastery St. Johann on Krauterer-Markt in Regensburg borders the small western cathedral square to the north and is immediately adjacent to the bishop's court to the south. The collegiate monastery was probably founded in 1127 by the Regensburg bishop Konrad I and was initially an Augustinian canon monastery until around 1290 . Then it was converted into a collegiate monastery. This was not lifted in the course of general secularization in 1803 or when Regensburg passed to Bavaria in 1810, but has existed since its foundation until today. This makes it one of only four collegiate colleges left in Bavaria. In addition to St. Johann, a second collegiate monastery still exists today: the monastery of Our Lady of the Old Chapel in Regensburg.

history

Coat of arms of Pope Urban III. at the west portal of the collegiate church

Established as an Augustinian canons monastery

The St. Johann monastery was founded in 1127 by the Regensburg bishop Konrad I as an Augustinian canon monastery. There is no more documentary evidence of this today, but the fact that the bishop felt obliged to the canonical reform movement of Norbert von Xanten and Gerhoch von Reichersberg suggests this. Conrad I probably called regular canons from Weltenburg to the newly founded monastery, where they may also have accepted the Augustine Rule . In 1186 the monastery was taken under papal protection because the Regensburg cathedral chapter apparently did not tolerate its existence. Pope Urban III. confirmed all his property to the monastery and guaranteed him the right to freely choose his provost from among the cathedral chapter.

Continued as a collegiate foundation to this day

In the 13th century, the ties to the Augustine Rule loosened before life as a religious community was completely given up around 1290. Since then, St. Johann has existed as a collegiate foundation, which was closely based on the constitution of the collegiate foundation for the old chapel. To this day, six to twelve secular canons belong to the chapter . At that time the monastery was headed by a provost (who no longer exists today) and a dean (this office still exists today).

In the 14th century the monastery had so much power over the cathedral chapter that it was possible to struggle for almost 40 years (around 1340 to 1380) to demolish the old collegiate church, which stood in the way of the new construction of the cathedral on the west facade. Eventually the collegiate church had to be demolished and rebuilt in a different direction. During this time the notorious canon Peter von Remagen († 1394) worked, who brought in large amounts of money for the indebted Regensburg Bishop Johann I through high taxes for the annual renewal of the pastoral power of attorney.

From 1722 St. Johann was one of the few monasteries in Bavaria whose provosts were infulfilled . During the secularization of 1803 it was one of the only four collegiate monasteries in Bavaria that were preserved. Even when the former imperial city of Regensburg passed to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1810, St. Johann was not dissolved. The remaining canons were initially set to extinction , but in 1826 the Bavarian King Ludwig I confirmed the monastery in its holdings. In addition, plans to move it to one of the closed Regensburg monasteries were never implemented, so that the St. Johann Collegiate Monastery has remained unchanged to this day.

Most of the members of the college chapter are retirement chaplains . The most famous member was Georg Ratzinger , the brother of Pope Benedict XVI. After his retirement from the office of Regensburg Cathedral Music Director, he was a canon canon in St. Johann. Prelate Heinrich Wachter presides over the collegiate chapter as the dean of the colleges.

Well-known members of the chapter

  • Johann Georg Sebastian Dillner (1721–1775), Canon from 1756, Abbey Dean from 1772
  • Rudolf Volkart von Häring, (Stiftsdekan 1424-1429, Vicar General ) also called as
    • Master Rudolph von Heringen, doctor in medicinis, dean and canon to St. Johann and canon at the Old Chapel (from 1429)
  • Caspar Macer, († 1576), Dr. Juris Utriusque, rhetoric teacher in Ingolstadt, 1566–1570 canon at St. Johann Regensburg, from 1571 canon at the Old Chapel in Regensburg, cathedral preacher
  • Paul Mai (* 1935)
  • Peter Griesbacher (1864–1933)
  • Thomas Oberschwendtner, († 1617), from 1570 canon at St. Johann, from 1585 dean
  • Georg Ratzinger (1924-2020)
  • Karl Joseph of Riccabona (1761–1839)
  • Joseph von Stubenberg (1740–1824), infuled pen provost from 1781

Collegiate Church of St. Johann

literature

  • Paul Mai (Hrsg.), Stiftskapitel von St. Johann (Hrsg.), 850 years collegiate monastery for the Saints Johannes Baptist and Johannes Evangelist in Regensburg. 1127-1977. Festschrift, Schnell & Steiner, Munich, 1977, ISBN 978-3-795-40409-3 .

Web links

Commons : Stiftskirche St. Johann (Regensburg)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Peter Morsbach: St. Johann Baptist - Augustinian Canons and Canons . Online at www.hdbg.eu; accessed on January 22, 2017.
  2. ↑ a b Altmann, pp. 2–9.
  3. ^ Johann Güntner, Die Gotische Johanniskirche zu Regensburg, in: Historischer Verein für Oberpfalz and Regensburg (Ed.), Negotiations of the historical Verein für Oberpfalz and Regensburg, Volume 133, 1993, S. 61-64, available online as pdf
  4. ↑ a b Kollegiatstifte: Rarity in Church Life from November 2, 2015. Online at www.mittelbayerische.de; accessed on January 24, 2017.
  5. ↑ Ulrich Hauner: Fossils in the natural history and art cabinet of the dean of the monastery, Dr. Johann Georg Sebastian Dillner (1721-1775). In: Ulrich Hauner: Fossils of the Regensburg area in natural history cabinets of the 18th century. In: Acta Albertina Ratisbonensia. Volume 48, 1992, pp. 95-98.
  6. ^ Franz Seraph Storno, additions and corrections to the Baierischen Schehrten-Lexikon ... together with addenda by Benefiziaten Gandershofer, 1825
  7. ^ Hermann Göhler: The Viennese collegiate, later cathedral chapter of St. Stephen in Vienna 1365–1554: By Hermann Göhler . Ed .: Johannes Seidl, Angelika Ende, Johann Weißensteiner. Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 2015, ISBN 978-3-205-20092-5 , pp. 305 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  8. ^ State Library Regensburg, provenance file
  9. ^ Report on the inclusion of Paul Mai in the chapter
  10. ^ State Library Regensburg, provenance file
  11. ↑ Bruno Lengenfelder, Archbishop Joseph Graf von Stubenberg (1740-1824) , in: Josef Urban (ed.), Archives of the Archdiocese of Bamberg (ed.), The Bamberg Archbishops. Pictures of Life, 1st edition: Archive of the Archdiocese, Bamberg 1997, ISBN 978-3-00-001920-3 , 2nd edition 2015 (available online), ISBN 978-3-7319-0183-9 , pp. 53–74, here p. 54. ( Online , PDF)

Coordinates: 49 ° 1 ′ 11 ″  N , 12 ° 5 ′ 51 ″  E