Seligenporten Monastery
| Seligenporten Monastery | |
|---|---|
 Seligenporten Monastery, church from the south |
|
| location |
 Germany Bavaria |
| Lies in the diocese | Diocese of Eichstätt |
| Coordinates: | 49 ° 15 '55.4 " N , 11 ° 18' 29.5" E |
| founding year | 1242 by Cistercian women |
| Cistercian since | 1931 |
| Year of dissolution / annulment |
1967 |
The Seligenporten monastery is a former monastery of the Cistercians , later the Salesians and then the Cistercians in the Pyrbaum market in Bavaria in the Eichstätt diocese .
history
The monastery consecrated to the Blessed Virgin Mary was founded in 1242 by Gottfried the Elder von Sulzbürg and his wife Adelheid von Hohenfels as a nunnery. In 1247 the monastery called "Felix Porta" ("happy / blessed gate") was incorporated into the Cistercian order , confirmed in 1249 by Bishop Heinrich von Eichstätt . In 1299 the monastery was given lower jurisdiction by King Albrecht . The founder Adelheid († 1250) initially acted as "master", then was replaced by the first abbess Fedran or Fridron, who came from the Maidbronn monastery . The founder's second wife, Bertha, also entered the monastery with her daughter and became abbess for a short time. The monastery was equipped with donations from the Sulz citizens and later the Wolfsteiners as well as the local aristocracy and also served the Wolfsteiners as a burial place. In 1366 Albert von Frickenhofen gave the monastery rich gifts with his church foundation; An abbess also comes from this family.
In 1500 the monastery owned 350 properties with 650 subjects in over 20 places as taxpayers. It had the right of patronage for 7 parishes and 2 chaplains .
In 1550 the last abbess of the Cistercian monastery of Seligenporten, Anna von Kuedorf († 1576), had to accept the Elector Ottheinrich 's Protestant church order . She defended herself against the officials of the Electorate of the Palatinate, arguing that with the abolition the donated anniversaries would also disappear and much would be withdrawn from the monastery. She was then allowed to stay in the monastery. In 1576, after the death of Anna von Kuedorf, Seligenporten became Protestant . Seligenporten was the last monastery in the Upper Palatinate to finally become the property of the sovereign.
In the course of the Counter Reformation , Seligenporten was re-Catholicized in 1625. In 1671 the monastery was handed over to the convent of the Salesian convent in Amberg . A judge and Kastner administered the monastery office in the name of the Amberg superior.
In the course of secularization in 1803, buildings and properties passed into private hands. Today the former monastery church is the parish church of the parish Seligenporten. Most of the buildings were demolished. The preserved monastery buildings were taken over by the Cistercians from Bronnbach Monastery in 1931 , who gave up the branch again in 1967. In 1976–1979 the church was restored. In 2003 the former brewhouse of the old monastery brewery was renovated and a new microbrewery set up.
Monastery church
The monastery church originally had the patronage of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary and today it has the patronage of the Assumption . The style of the nave is dated to the end of the 13th century. The choir probably dates from the first half of the 14th century, possibly as a foundation by the Frickenhofer.
The elongated, plastered hall building with a slightly indented choir with a length of 54 m is provided with stepped buttresses at the choir. A gable tower with a pointed helmet in the west is open at the bottom.
Choir
The light, three-bay high choir with a five-eighth end is illuminated by large four-part, otherwise three-part windows in the main choir with simple four-pass tracery, while the nave is deliberately darker. The triple bundled services merge without a step into the vault ribs with a pear rod cross-section. The figural, colored keystones represent the head of Christ, the Lamb of God , the lion breathing his cubs and the pelican as symbols of Christ. On the north wall there is a gate to the monastery with a scalloped ogive .
ship
The long (36 m) ship impresses with the monumentality of the smooth, unadorned walls. Only on the south wall is a coffin cornice, which is cranked over the portal and supported by two bundle services. The ship is illuminated through two-lane windows of different heights, which still show the remains of the original colored glazing in the tracery. The painted wooden ceiling drawn in in 1490 was replaced by a plastered ceiling in 1844/1845 and finally in 1895 by today's open hanging structure. The impression of the space is largely determined by the nun's gallery, which extends far beyond the middle of the nave. This rests on a roughly worked beam ceiling, which is supported on two longitudinal beams, supported by four oak square supports with round services.
Crypt
The room lit by two-part rectangular windows in the south wall serves as a separate culture and is called the crypt . It is connected to the former lay church via a wide segmental arch, the floor of which was lowered to the level of the crypt in 1930/1931. An original counter-rotating wooden staircase with diamond lattice railing and an entry post accented by pinnacles and tracery panels lead from the crypt to the nuns' choir. In the northern partition of the crypt there is a niche with a dramatic depiction of Christ in misery from the 17th century. In the crypt there are grave monuments for the Sulzbürg-Wolfenstein family and for abbesses. The sandstone slabs for the son of the founder, Gottfried von Wolfstein († 1322) and for Bertha von Pöllanten († 1339) with a cross and family coat of arms in low relief are embedded in the floor in the northwest corner.
On the west wall there are grave slabs that were found under the pavement of the nave in 1930/1931, including a communal tombstone of the noble von (Hilpolt-) Stein and a tombstone for Heinrich Leuboldzreuter († after 1355) with an abstract incised drawing of the figure of the former Pöllinger pastor. On the north wall is a limestone slab of the last abbess Anna von Kuedorf († 1576) with a relief of the deceased praying.
Furnishing
In the nuns choir are the choir stalls , which are among the oldest examples in Germany and which have been preserved in their original location in a unique way. In connection with the original, well-worn floor, it evokes the medieval atmosphere. It was previously dated to around 1300, but was probably only created during the high Gothic renovation. Of the once 55 stables made of oak and spruce wood with high back walls and raw canopies , 44 have been preserved on three sides . Only three of the very low folding seats with the misericordia attached to the underside are still there. The partition walls are provided with strict, archaic outlines; The outer cheeks are somewhat richer with tracery rosettes and simple foliage.
The rest of the furnishings are largely from the 17th and 18th centuries. Century. It consists of the three altars and the pulpit, which are archivally documented for the period around 1730, but stylistically can be classified around 1700. The high altar was supposedly created in 1728 by the carpenter Ulrich Schäfer from Neumarkt, the setting, like those of the side altars and the pulpit, was made by Johann Bernhard Benedikt Freund from Amberg in 1730. The altarpiece with the Visitation of the Virgin Mary and the picture in the extract with a depiction of the Archangel Michael were designed by Wolf Simon Groß from Landshut in 1728. The left side altar was erected in 1729 and shows niche figures of Our Lady and the princes of the apostles, allegedly from an older high altar from the second half of the 17th century. The right side altar (allegedly from 1731) is decorated with an image of the Three Kings and a figure of Saint Michael as a crown, and is dated to the second half of the 17th century. The pulpit with its foliage decoration is said to date from 1731.
A moving, life-size group of figures from 1762 is set up on the northern wall of the nave, it shows the crucifix with Johannes Nepomuk accompanied by a putto and an angel with attributes related to the secret of confession.
The organ comes from a work by Johann Konrad Brandenstein from 1751 with a case by Frater Gabinus Advance, which was acquired from the secularized Franciscan Church in Amberg . The work with 32 registers on two manuals and pedal from 1932 comes from Josef Bittner, Eichstätt.
Monastery district
The monastery district consists of the church, the convent building, the servants' apartments from the 17th century and the former monastery inn. The convent building is a two-wing complex (east and north wing) as an unfinished part of the cloister complex with a Gothic cloister . The three-storey east wing has been preserved from the Middle Ages, which was renewed after a fire in 1548 and with upper storeys from the 17th / 18th centuries. Century was provided. On the ground floor there are rooms with groin vaults, the northern one is vaulted with two aisles over two central columns. On the inside, six yokes of the late Gothic cloister are preserved, which are provided with star and diamond-shaped vault figures. There is an inscription plaque from 1493 on the former monastery inn. The gate tower at the cloister courtyard made of ashlar stones with a half-timbered upper floor and pyramid roof dates from the 15th / 16th Century.
literature
- Brun Appel, Emanuel Braun: Former Cistercian monastery church Seligenporten , Regensburg 2007.
- Stefan Benz: The Seligenporten Monastery as a place of remembrance and remembrance. Tobias Appl; Manfred Knedlik (Ed.), Upper Palatinate Monastery Landscape. The monasteries, monasteries and colleges of the Upper Palatinate. Pp. 115 - 124. Friedrich Pustet , Regensburg 2016, ISBN 978-3-7917-2759-2 .
- Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments. Bavaria V: Regensburg and the Upper Palatinate. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03118-0 , pp. 738–740.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Markus Streck: "Natural beers" from the monastery brewery Seligenporten . In: meier-magazin.de . Retrieved October 13, 2017.
- ^ Hermann Fischer, Theodor Wohnhaus: On the organ history of Seligenporten. Historical association for Regensburg and Upper Palatinate, no year