Sulzburg
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 47 ° 50 ' N , 7 ° 43' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Baden-Württemberg | |
| Administrative region : | Freiburg | |
| County : | Breisgau-Upper Black Forest | |
| Height : | 337 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 22.73 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 2771 (December 31, 2018) | |
| Population density : | 122 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 79295 | |
| Area code : | 07634 | |
| License plate : | FR | |
| Community key : | 08 3 15 111 | |
| LOCODE : | DE 77A | |
City administration address : |
Hauptstrasse 60 79295 Sulzburg |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Dirk Blens ( CDU ) | |
| Location of the city of Sulzburg in the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district | ||
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Sulzburg is a small town in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in the southwest of Baden-Württemberg .
geography
Geographical location
Sulzburg (315 to 1114 m on the Sirnitzkopf ) is located in the Markgräflerland on the edge of the Upper Rhine Plain , 22 km south of the university town of Freiburg im Breisgau and 48 km north of Basel . The Sulzbach flows through it in an east-west direction and is framed by vineyards to the north and south. In the east, the vineyards merge seamlessly into the Black Forest . The local mountain is Belchen in the Black Forest (1414 meters, third highest Black Forest mountain), which is no longer part of the urban area .
From Sulzburg, the Sulzbach flows through Heitersheim and on towards the Rhine , where its water seeps into the gravel of the Niederterrasse and the Rheinaue with that of the brooks Ehebach and Eschbach .
Neighboring communities
The following communities border Sulzburg, all of which are in the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district (clockwise from the north): Ballrechte-Dottingen , Staufen im Breisgau , Münstertal / Black Forest , Müllheim , Badenweiler and Buggingen .
Districts
The Sulzburg district of Laufen is a wine village with around 800 inhabitants in the Markgräflerland and is located around 20 km south of Freiburg im Breisgau between Staufen and Müllheim . Laufen first appeared in a document as Laufin in 820 . Mayor is Helmut Grether (2015).
Another suburb is St. Ilgen , a small village west of Laufen, with which it was administratively connected until the two places were incorporated into Sulzburg.
history
In the year 847 Sulzburg was mentioned for the first time under the name Sulzibergeheim in the Lorsch Codex on the occasion of a donation to the Lorsch Monastery . In 1008 King Heinrich II gave the place market rights. The expired Üsenberger castle or castle Sulzburg on the Sulzburger Schlössleberg (Schlossberg) near the monastery forest was probably built in the second half of the 12th century to protect mining. Around 1280, cives de Sulzberch , i.e. city citizens, are mentioned for the first time in documents , so that at this time the place should have received city rights.
From 1008 to 1523 which maintained Benedictines - Monastery of St. Blaise in Sulzburg a convent.
In 1503, the Markgräflerland with Badenweiler , under whose rule Sulzburg was, came through inheritance to the margraviate of Baden under Christoph I and thus Sulzburg was also part of the Swabian Empire until the beginning of the 19th century . After his death, the goods were inherited from part of the Margraviate of Baden in 1515 to his son Margrave Ernst I , who made Sulzburg the residence of his lords in the Baden Oberland (Badenweiler, Rötteln, Sausenberg) and built the castle. In 1535 Ernst I moved his residence to Pforzheim , where the focus of his margraviate was after the death of his brother Philipp . Sulzburg once again became the residential town of a sub-area of the margraviate of Baden-Durlach when Margrave Georg Friedrich moved his seat there from 1599 to 1604 - he also expanded the castle.
In 1556 the Reformation was introduced in all parts of Baden, including Sulzburg. Sulzburg too suffered during the Thirty Years' War . Silver mining, which had flourished since the Middle Ages, came to a complete standstill; at most a quarter of the population was still living in the city at the end of the war.
The still existing synagogue was built in 1821/22 . In 1835 the town church was built on the site of the dilapidated castle church based on plans by Heinrich Hübsch .
Mining ceased in 1832.
In 1894 Sulzburg received a railway connection with the construction of the railway line from Bad Krozingen via Staufen. The section of the Münstertalbahn to Sulzburg was closed in 1969 for passenger traffic and in 1973 for goods traffic.
In 1959, the SOS Children's Village Black Forest was inaugurated as the second German children's village. On January 1, 1974, the municipality of Laufen was incorporated into Sulzburg with the district of St. Ilgen. In 1982, the Baden-Württemberg State Mining Museum was opened in the former town church. In 2004 the partnership was established with the wine-growing community of La Morra in Piedmont , Italy , which is roughly equivalent in terms of area and population .
For the lost castle on the Castellberg and the Castellberg itself see Burgrest Kastelberg
Jewish settlement
Around 1500 the first Jews received imperial letters of protection and thus the right to settle in Sulzburg. At that time they set up a cemetery . An important Jewish community had existed in Sulzburg since the Middle Ages . In 1864 416 Jews lived in Sulzburg, that was over 31% of the population, a high. The Jews from the Nazis had not fled were, on 22 October 1940 during the Wagner-Bürckel action in the internment camp Gurs in southwestern France deported where many died because of the difficult conditions or from there to the extermination camps of Poland were brought .
politics
Municipal council
The local elections on May 26, 2019 led to the following result with a turnout of 69.1 63.4% (+ 5.7):
| Party / list | Share of votes | +/-% P | Seats |
| CDU | 37.9% | - 3.1 | 5 |
| Citizen will | 23.1% | + 4.0 | 3 |
| Green list | 20.7% | + 5.3 | 2 |
| Free list | 6.2% | - 3.0 | 1 |
| List of fellow citizens | 12.0% | +5.5 | 1 |
There were no changes to the distribution of seats compared to 2014. Only the seat that the SPD had not taken was dropped without replacement
mayor
From 1989 to 2013 Peter Wehrle was mayor of Sulzburg. He was confirmed in office by elections in 1997 and 2005.
In the mayoral elections in 2013, Dirk Blens (CDU) was elected as the new mayor with a large majority.
administration
Sulzburg belongs to the municipal administration association of Müllheim-Badenweiler, based in Müllheim; other members are the city of Müllheim and the communities of Auggen , Badenweiler and Buggingen.
Town twinning
Sulzburg has had a partnership with La Morra in Piedmont , Italy , since 2004 .
Culture and sights
Buildings
The monastery church of St. Cyriak with Romanesque round arches is an important example of early Romanesque architecture (consecrated in 993). Your small church tower dates from the 11th century; it is considered to be the oldest preserved in southwest Germany. Research shows that parts of the beam construction came from a tree that was felled in the winter of 996. The vestibule is from 1309, the wooden ceiling was made in 1510. The church was last renovated in 1964. There are modest ornamental paintings and remains of old frescoes. Not much has survived from the former painting of the church, perhaps the most interesting is the columned crypt with a presumably Roman spoil .
From the former margravial castle , which was built under Margrave Ernst I of Baden-Durlach from 1527 and expanded under Margrave Georg Friedrich von Baden-Durlach from 1599, the hall and stables on the market square as well as a stair tower of the main building in the spa gardens have been preserved .
The margravial residence originally extended over a length of 180 m and a width of 42 m in the center of the city. It existed in the 16./17. Century from a residential or representation wing (destroyed, today location of the town hall), hall building (today auction house Kaupp), Marstallbau , ball house (demolished in 1922), castle church (built 1600–1610, replaced by the former Protestant town church in the 19th century ) as well as a castle park (today the spa garden). A print by Matthäus Merian d. Ä. (1643) shows a walled late renaissance complex with partly stepped gables and polygonal stair towers around a castle courtyard, to which the main building, the hall building with a representative ballroom, which can be easily identified by its arcades, as well as the castle church adjoined.
The main building probably burned down as early as the Thirty Years' War . The margravial residence suffered further damage during the wars of succession in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Around 1800 the ruinous condition of the castle church was lamented. While the castle church was rebuilt in 1836 as a parish church, the ailing ball house was finally demolished in 1922. In the 18th century there were several plans to rebuild the heavily damaged castle, but this did not happen. In the floor area of the former residence building remains of the destroyed components are suspected.
The neo-classical synagogue from 1822 in Mühlbachstrasse (today Gustav-Weil- Strasse ) survived the November pogroms in 1938 , was restored after decades of decay on the initiative of the Anna Hugo Bloch Foundation in the 1980s and is now used as a museum and concert hall. It is a building from the Weinbrennerschule . The proximity to the neighboring houses saved the building from complete destruction on November 10, 1938.
The early Gothic church of St. Aegidius in St. Ilgen, described in 1877 as "by far the most beautiful in the whole area". It contains a listed organ with a case from around 1720, one of the oldest in the Markgräflerland, which is also the only remnant from the workshop of the Sulzburg organ maker Sebastian Fichslin (Füchslin). In the case there is a largely preserved work by Xaver Bernauer from Staufen im Breisgau from 1800, also an almost unique relic.
Jewish Cemetery
The Jewish cemetery Sulzburg has remained since about 1550 received in use and is. It is located at the southeast end of the village. A memorial there has been commemorating the victims of the Shoah since 1970 . The poet Peter Huchel described two visits to the cemetery in 1925 and 1973.
Museums
The Baden-Württemberg State Mining Museum is located in the former Protestant town church on the market square, built in 1836 by the Baden state master builder Heinrich Huebsch . From there, an approximately five-kilometer circular hiking trail leads past tunnels and squares that still bear testimony to the once lively mining near Sulzburg, which is also documented in the city's coat of arms with a picture of a miner in front of a tunnel mouth. The largest mine was the "Riestergang", next to it there was the cobalt mine "Blessing God" and the "Himmelsehre-Gang", loess, gypsum and gneiss were also mined. The enthusiastic collector Karoline Luise von Hessen-Darmstadt once visited the “Riestergang” .
Regular events
As part of the Alemannic carnival , the farmers' carnival (Burefasnet) takes place here every year at the end of the carnival season. On “ Funkensonntag ”, the first Sunday after Ash Wednesday , this includes the regional custom of the disc fire , as in other surrounding communities .
On Sunday Laetare , which is in honor of Countess Catherine Barbara von Baden-Durlach (1650-1733), who lived in the Castle Sulzburg the number of years Awaken Sunday celebrated. She founded a pharmacy for the poor, from which the poor and the sick received medicines free of charge. Wecken and B rezeln were donated for poor students in the 18th century . From this distribution, which according to tradition took place for the first time in 1715, the custom of the Sunday wake developed with a procession in historical costumes.
On the last weekend in September, the Sulzburg-Laufener Städtlefescht takes place every year under the motto Sulzburg asks for dinner . In the past, the wine festival was celebrated instead .
Since 1991, the so-called studio days have been held annually on the first weekend in October . Since the mid-1990s there has been a three-day handicraft market every year on the weekend of Pentecost.
Economy and Infrastructure
economy
The most important employer in Sulzburg is Hekatron Vertriebs GmbH, which manufactures fire alarm systems.
Laufen is a wine town with the single vineyard Altenberg . The local winegrowers' cooperative , which was founded in 1931 and cultivated 150 hectares, joined Winzerkeller Auggener Schäf eG in 2011. The place is also known for the Gräfin von Zeppelin perennial nursery . The company specializes in its large-scale plants in the cultivation of irises (300 varieties), peonies (150 varieties), daylilies (250 varieties) and Turkish poppies (20 varieties), which are in demand worldwide.
traffic
From 1894 to 1969 Sulzburg was connected to the national rail network via the Münstertalbahn (to Bad Krozingen ). Since then, public transport has been guaranteed by a bus line to Staufen im Breisgau and Müllheim . It is operated by Südwestdeutsche Verkehrs AG .
Sulzburg has no through traffic because the public road ends at the “Waldhotel Bad Sulzburg ” wellness hotel , just under four kilometers east of the town center.
Tourism, leisure and recreation
Due to its climatically favorable location on the edge of the Black Forest in the Sulzbachtal, which is open to the west, Sulzburg enjoys an excellent reputation as a local recreation destination in Freiburg. Several accommodation establishments and two campsites offer accommodation. One of the campsites has a small, chlorine-free guest swimming pool. Another possibility for bathing is in the eastern part of the village in a public “natural swimming pool” called a small pond belonging to the community, which has been in operation since the 1930s and is fed by the water of the Sulzbach. However, tourism does not make a significant contribution to economic performance.
Sulzburg has joined the KONUS traffic concept, which was introduced in the Black Forest . The KONUS guest card replaced the previous guest card and enables tourists to use buses and trains free of charge in the nine transport associations of the Black Forest holiday region and thus the possibility of using local transport between Sulzburg and z. B. Pforzheim , Villingen or Basel SBB only by showing a guest card and identity card / passport .
In addition to classic hiking, mountain biking around Sulzburg has recently become increasingly popular. Ambitious cyclists in particular are attracted by the challenges of tours in the nearby Black Forest with altitude differences of over 1000 m. This sport is somewhat controversial in terms of nature conservation . Corresponding guidelines in the southern Black Forest are not always observed. For this reason, there are always conflicts between hikers and mountain bikers, as driving on forest paths that are narrower than two meters is prohibited in Baden-Württemberg in accordance with Section 37 LWaldG, Paragraph 3 . The historical beggar path from Merzhausen / Freiburg to Badenweiler , which crosses the Sulzbachtal in the western part of the village, is known nationwide.
The restaurant “Zum Hirschen”, run by Douce Steiner , was awarded one star by the Michelin Guide in 2009, and at the end of 2012 another was added.
sons and daughters of the town
- 1594, July 6, Friedrich V , † September 8, 1659 in Durlach , Margrave of Baden-Durlach (1622–1659)
- 1603, June 26th, Friedrich Schenck von Winterstädt , † 1659 in Acken, statesman
- 1636, December 25, Johannes Fecht , † May 5, 1716 in Rostock , general superintendent and professor in Baden-Durlach, from 1690 Lutheran theology professor in Rostock
- 1694, September 6, Johann Daniel Schöpflin , † August 7, 1771 in Strasbourg , professor of history, eloquence and constitutional law at the University of Strasbourg
- 1808, April 25, Gustav Weil , † 1889 in Freiburg im Breisgau , orientalist , first Jewish professor in Germany
- 1825, November 19, Herman Kiefer , † 1911 in Detroit , medic, politician and diplomat
- 1843, April 26th, Ernst Leitz , † 1920 in Solothurn , founder of Ernst Leitz Optical Works Wetzlar
- 1886, March 30, Eugen Bruchsaler , † after September 11, 1942 in the Auschwitz extermination camp, businessman and entrepreneur
- 1892, April 3, Adolf Riedlin , † 1969 in Freiburg im Breisgau, painter, pioneer of abstract painting (* in the district of Laufen)
- 1923, June 26, Gerhard Haas , † May 16, 2006 in Staufen im Breisgau, zoologist and author, from 1967 to 1988 director of the zoological garden in Wuppertal
- 1925, Erich Bloch , † 2016 in Washington, computer scientist and engineer, director of the American National Science Foundation , recipient of the National Medal of Technology and Innovation
- 1950, August 1, Dieter Puchta , politician and bank manager, from 1988 to 2002 member of the state parliament of Baden-Württemberg ( SPD )
- 1963, Bernhard Nitsche , Roman Catholic theologian , philosopher and professor of fundamental theology and philosophy of religion at the Catholic Theological Faculty of the University of Münster .
literature
- Anneliese Müller, Jost Grosspietsch (ed.): Sulzburg. Volume 1-3. Anna Hugo Bloch Foundation, Sulzburg 2009/2010.
- Ludwig David Kahn: The history of the Jews of Sulzburg. Muellheim 1969.
- Bernd Michaelis: The history of the Jews in Sulzburg. 1987.
- Jost Grosspietsch: Sulzburg. Former margravial residence. In: The Markgräflerland. Issue 2/1991, pp. 5-15.
- Wolfgang Kaiser, Gitta Reinhardt-Fehrenbach: Cultural-historical and architectural views from Sulzburg. In: The Markgräflerland. Volume 2/2006, pp. 6-44.
- Franz Xaver Kraus : The art monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden. Fifth volume. District of Loerrach. Tübingen / Leipzig 1901, pp. 148–159. on-line
- Knut Kühn-Leitz (Ed.): Ernst Leitz - From Mechanic to Entrepreneur of World Reputation. Stuttgart 2010.
- Ingeborg Hecht: I was born in Sulzburg and German. Editor Freundeskreis former Synagoge Sulzburg e. V.
Web links
- City of Sulzburg Official Website
- Timeline of the history of the city of Sulzburg (PDF; 999 kB)
- St. Cyriak Monastery Church
- Benedictine convent Sulzburg in the database of monasteries in Baden-Württemberg of the Baden-Württemberg State Archives
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
- ^ Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg - Laufen - Altgemeinde ~ part of town
- ↑ Minst, Karl Josef [trans.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 4), Certificate 2702, February 24, 847 - Reg. 3332. In: Heidelberger historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 209 , accessed on May 6, 2016 .
- ↑ Castle built by the Lords of Üsenberg
- ↑ End of mining determined for 1832
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 508 .
- ^ After the deportations during the Nazi era, Alemannia-Judaica counts that at least 22 of the 94 Jewish people living in Sulzburg in 1933 perished. In: Ingeborg Hecht, "I am born Sulzburger and German" , ed. from the Friends of the Former Synagogue Sulzburg eV 1994.
- ↑ Sulzburg, preliminary results of the 2019 municipal council elections , accessed on June 26, 2019
- ↑ a b c Touristik-, Kultur- und Gewerbeverein e. V. Sulzburg - Laufen - St. Ilgen
- ↑ Wolfgang Kaiser and Gitta Reinhardt-Fehrenbach: Change and Continuity - A building history tour through Sulzburg . In: Anna u. Hugo Bloch Foundation (ed.): History of the city of Sulzburg, The transition to modern times . tape 3 . modo publishing house, Freiburg i.Br. 2005, ISBN 978-3-937014-28-9 , pp. 27 .
- ↑ Jost Grosspietsch: Former Markgräfliche residence. A representation in old plans and views. In: Das Markgräflerland: Contributions to its history and culture (53.1991, issue 2). 1991, accessed June 3, 2020 .
- ↑ Wolfgang Kaiser and Gitta Reinhardt-Fehrenbach: Change and Continuity - A building history tour through Sulzburg . In: Anna u. Hugo Bloch Foundation (ed.): History of the city of Sulzburg, The transition to modern times . tape 3 . modo publishing house, Freiburg i.Br. 2005, ISBN 978-3-937014-28-9 , pp. 27-44 .
- ↑ Wolfgang Kaiser and Gitta Reinhardt-Fehrenbach: Change and Continuity - A building history tour through Sulzburg . In: Anna u. Hugo Bloch Foundation (ed.): History of the city of Sulzburg, The transition to modern times . tape 3 . modo publishing house, Freiburg i.Br. 2005, ISBN 978-3-937014-28-9 , pp. 36 f .
- ^ Eduard Christian Martini: Sulzburg. A city, mining and forest story . In: Freiburger Geschichtsverein (Hrsg.): Journal of the society for the promotion of the history, antiquity and folklore of Freiburg, the Breisgau and the adjacent landscapes . tape 5 , no. 1 . Fehsenfeld, Freiburg i.Br. 1880, p. 65 ff .
- ↑ Wolfgang Kaiser and Gitta Reinhardt-Fehrenbach: Change and Continuity - A building history tour through Sulzburg . In: Anna u. Hugo Bloch Foundation (ed.): History of the city of Sulzburg, The transition to modern times . tape 3 . modo publishing house, Freiburg i.Br. 2005, ISBN 978-3-937014-28-9 , pp. 40 .
- ↑ Wolfgang Kaiser and Gitta Reinhardt-Fehrenbach: Change and Continuity - A building history tour through Sulzburg . In: Anna u. Hugo Bloch Foundation (ed.): History of the city of Sulzburg, The transition to modern times . tape 3 . modo publishing house, Freiburg i.Br. 2005, p. 38-44 .
- ↑ The architect was Johann Ludwig Weinbrenner, a nephew of Friedrich Weinbrenner. For the history of the prayer room / synagogue on the Alemannia Judaica website online , with photographs.
- ↑ A very rare photo was taken from inside the synagogue that shows how the mayor of Lörrach at the time participated in the desecration of the Torah shrine . From the case files of the Freiburg Regional Court of December 15, 1947.
- ^ Eduard Christian Martini: The most beautiful ancient church in the district of Müllheim. In: magazine of the Breisgau history association Schau-ins-Land. 4th annual issue 1877, p. 65 online
- ↑ On the history of the cemetery (occupied from around 1550 to 1980; small cemetery hall; 462 tombstones) on the Allemania Judaica website online , with photographs. Free artist group Freiburg: The Jewish cemetery in Sulzburg. 2nd edition Braun Verlag, Karlsruhe 1995, ISBN 3-7650-9027-1 .
- ↑ Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism. A documentation. Volume 1. Federal Agency for Civic Education, Bonn 1995, ISBN 3-89331-208-0 , p. 91.
- ^ Peter Huchel: The Jewish cemetery of Sulzburg. In: Axel Vieregg (ed.): Peter Huchel. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1986, pp. 20-27.
- ↑ State Mining Museum / See & Experience / Tourism & Leisure / Home - Sulzburg community. Retrieved April 12, 2014 .
- ^ H. Maus, in: Stadtverwaltung Sulzburg (ed.): Mining history hiking trail Sulzburg. 1979, p. 33.
- ↑ Katharina Barbara von Baden-Durlach (1650-1733). Retrieved March 4, 2016 .
- ↑ Sulzburg: Awakening Sunday: Historic Custom and Procession in Sulzburg - badische-zeitung.de. Retrieved March 4, 2016 .
- ↑ badische-zeitung.de: Sulzburg: Great interest in the studio days. October 4, 2011, accessed April 9, 2012.
- ^ Badische Zeitung, September 11, 2011, online
- ↑ Overview map of the transport associations involved ( memento of the original from October 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Beggar Path
